1 Binary Phase Diagrams GLY 4200 Fall, 2012. 2 Binary Diagrams Binary diagrams have two components...

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1 Binary Phase Diagrams GLY 4200 Fall, 2012

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Transcript of 1 Binary Phase Diagrams GLY 4200 Fall, 2012. 2 Binary Diagrams Binary diagrams have two components...

Page 1: 1 Binary Phase Diagrams GLY 4200 Fall, 2012. 2 Binary Diagrams Binary diagrams have two components We therefore usually choose to plot both T (temperature)

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Binary Phase Diagrams

GLY 4200

Fall, 2012

Page 2: 1 Binary Phase Diagrams GLY 4200 Fall, 2012. 2 Binary Diagrams Binary diagrams have two components We therefore usually choose to plot both T (temperature)

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Binary Diagrams

• Binary diagrams have two components

• We therefore usually choose to plot both T (temperature) and X (composition) with pressure held constant

• P-X (T fixed) or P-T (X fixed) are also possible

Page 3: 1 Binary Phase Diagrams GLY 4200 Fall, 2012. 2 Binary Diagrams Binary diagrams have two components We therefore usually choose to plot both T (temperature)

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Binary System Examples• Binary solid solution - olivine, plagioclase feldspar• Binary eutectic with congruent melting - potassium

feldspar - silica• Binary peritectic and eutectic with solid to solid

conversion - leucite - Potassium feldspar - silica• Binary minimum melting point - potassium feldspar -

albite• Binary minimum melting point with solvus -

potassium feldspar - albite

Page 4: 1 Binary Phase Diagrams GLY 4200 Fall, 2012. 2 Binary Diagrams Binary diagrams have two components We therefore usually choose to plot both T (temperature)

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Phase Rule for Binary Systems

f = c - p + 2 = 2 - p + 2 = 4 - p

• If two phases are present, there are two degrees of freedom (both T and X)

• If three phases are present, there is one degree of freedom (either T or X)

Page 5: 1 Binary Phase Diagrams GLY 4200 Fall, 2012. 2 Binary Diagrams Binary diagrams have two components We therefore usually choose to plot both T (temperature)

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Binary Solid

Solution

• Plagioclase Feldspar series, 39% of the earth’s crust

Page 6: 1 Binary Phase Diagrams GLY 4200 Fall, 2012. 2 Binary Diagrams Binary diagrams have two components We therefore usually choose to plot both T (temperature)

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Phase Rule Application

• How many degrees of freedom are present at points 1,2, and 3?

Page 7: 1 Binary Phase Diagrams GLY 4200 Fall, 2012. 2 Binary Diagrams Binary diagrams have two components We therefore usually choose to plot both T (temperature)

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Binary Eutectic Diagram Conventions

• Two immiscible components: such as CaAl2Si2O8 (calcic plagioclase) and FeMgSiO4 (olivine) plotted along the horizontal axis, OR olivine (isolated tetrahedra) and pyroxene (single chain tetrahedra), which are immiscible because they have different crystal structures

• One variable, temperature, plotted along the vertical axis. • Pressure is held constant at 1 atmosphere.• Three phases, crystal A, crystal B, and melt.• Complete miscibility of the melt (magma)

Page 8: 1 Binary Phase Diagrams GLY 4200 Fall, 2012. 2 Binary Diagrams Binary diagrams have two components We therefore usually choose to plot both T (temperature)

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Binary Eutectic Diagram Assumptions

• The system remains in equilibrium throughout its history, so that all reactions can take place and everything can come to stability

• Everything in the original melt remains in communication throughout the crystallization process

Page 9: 1 Binary Phase Diagrams GLY 4200 Fall, 2012. 2 Binary Diagrams Binary diagrams have two components We therefore usually choose to plot both T (temperature)

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Binary Eutectic Diagram

Page 10: 1 Binary Phase Diagrams GLY 4200 Fall, 2012. 2 Binary Diagrams Binary diagrams have two components We therefore usually choose to plot both T (temperature)

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Binary Eutectic

Diagram – Intermediate

Compositions

Page 11: 1 Binary Phase Diagrams GLY 4200 Fall, 2012. 2 Binary Diagrams Binary diagrams have two components We therefore usually choose to plot both T (temperature)

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Binary Eutectic Crystallization

Page 12: 1 Binary Phase Diagrams GLY 4200 Fall, 2012. 2 Binary Diagrams Binary diagrams have two components We therefore usually choose to plot both T (temperature)

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Binary Eutectic Melting

Page 13: 1 Binary Phase Diagrams GLY 4200 Fall, 2012. 2 Binary Diagrams Binary diagrams have two components We therefore usually choose to plot both T (temperature)

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Melting A Rock With A 30/70

Eutectic

Page 14: 1 Binary Phase Diagrams GLY 4200 Fall, 2012. 2 Binary Diagrams Binary diagrams have two components We therefore usually choose to plot both T (temperature)

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Fractionation

Page 15: 1 Binary Phase Diagrams GLY 4200 Fall, 2012. 2 Binary Diagrams Binary diagrams have two components We therefore usually choose to plot both T (temperature)

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Congruent Melting

• The previous case is an example of congruent melting

• Congruent melting means melting of a substance directly to a liquid that is of the same composition as the solid

Page 16: 1 Binary Phase Diagrams GLY 4200 Fall, 2012. 2 Binary Diagrams Binary diagrams have two components We therefore usually choose to plot both T (temperature)

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Incongruent Melting

• Melting accompanied by decomposition or by reaction with the liquid, so that one solid phase is converted into another

• Melting to give a liquid different in composition from the original solid

• One example occurs in the forsterite-quartz system

Page 17: 1 Binary Phase Diagrams GLY 4200 Fall, 2012. 2 Binary Diagrams Binary diagrams have two components We therefore usually choose to plot both T (temperature)

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Binary Eutectic

with Incongruent

Melting• L = Liquid• Fo is fosterite• En is enstatite• Qtz is quartz

Page 18: 1 Binary Phase Diagrams GLY 4200 Fall, 2012. 2 Binary Diagrams Binary diagrams have two components We therefore usually choose to plot both T (temperature)

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Reaction

• MgSiO3 + SiO2 = Mg2SiO4

• En + Qtz = Fo

Page 19: 1 Binary Phase Diagrams GLY 4200 Fall, 2012. 2 Binary Diagrams Binary diagrams have two components We therefore usually choose to plot both T (temperature)

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Fo- Qtz

Page 20: 1 Binary Phase Diagrams GLY 4200 Fall, 2012. 2 Binary Diagrams Binary diagrams have two components We therefore usually choose to plot both T (temperature)

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Forsterite – Quartz at Higher T

• Two liquid phases are present on the right side of the diagram

Page 21: 1 Binary Phase Diagrams GLY 4200 Fall, 2012. 2 Binary Diagrams Binary diagrams have two components We therefore usually choose to plot both T (temperature)

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Binary Minimum Melting Point

Page 22: 1 Binary Phase Diagrams GLY 4200 Fall, 2012. 2 Binary Diagrams Binary diagrams have two components We therefore usually choose to plot both T (temperature)

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Albite - Orthoclase

Page 23: 1 Binary Phase Diagrams GLY 4200 Fall, 2012. 2 Binary Diagrams Binary diagrams have two components We therefore usually choose to plot both T (temperature)

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Lever

Page 24: 1 Binary Phase Diagrams GLY 4200 Fall, 2012. 2 Binary Diagrams Binary diagrams have two components We therefore usually choose to plot both T (temperature)

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Application of Lever Rule

• C = 65 weight% β

Page 25: 1 Binary Phase Diagrams GLY 4200 Fall, 2012. 2 Binary Diagrams Binary diagrams have two components We therefore usually choose to plot both T (temperature)

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Point 2

• Solid phase B starts to form with a composition of 96 weight% β

Page 26: 1 Binary Phase Diagrams GLY 4200 Fall, 2012. 2 Binary Diagrams Binary diagrams have two components We therefore usually choose to plot both T (temperature)

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Point 3

• C1 = 58 weight% β and C2 = 92 weight% β

Page 27: 1 Binary Phase Diagrams GLY 4200 Fall, 2012. 2 Binary Diagrams Binary diagrams have two components We therefore usually choose to plot both T (temperature)

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Point 3 Calculations

• Fraction of solid b = (65 - 58) / (92 - 58) = 20 weight%

• Fraction of liquid = (92 - 65) / (92 - 58) = 80 weight%

Page 28: 1 Binary Phase Diagrams GLY 4200 Fall, 2012. 2 Binary Diagrams Binary diagrams have two components We therefore usually choose to plot both T (temperature)

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Point 4

• C3 = 48 weight% β

• C4 = 87 weight% β

Page 29: 1 Binary Phase Diagrams GLY 4200 Fall, 2012. 2 Binary Diagrams Binary diagrams have two components We therefore usually choose to plot both T (temperature)

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Point 4 Calculations

• Fraction of solid with composition C4 = (65 - 48) / (87 - 48) = 44 weight%.

• Fraction of liquid at eutectic = 56 weight%

Page 30: 1 Binary Phase Diagrams GLY 4200 Fall, 2012. 2 Binary Diagrams Binary diagrams have two components We therefore usually choose to plot both T (temperature)

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Point 5

• C5 = 9 weight% β and C6 = 91 weight% β

Page 31: 1 Binary Phase Diagrams GLY 4200 Fall, 2012. 2 Binary Diagrams Binary diagrams have two components We therefore usually choose to plot both T (temperature)

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Point 5 Calculations

• Fraction of solid with composition C6 = (65 - 9) / (91 - 9) = 68 weight%

• Fraction of solid with composition C5 = (91 - 65) / (91 - 9) = 32 weight%

Page 32: 1 Binary Phase Diagrams GLY 4200 Fall, 2012. 2 Binary Diagrams Binary diagrams have two components We therefore usually choose to plot both T (temperature)

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Effects of Pressure

• With increased pressure, from 1 atm to 7 kbar, En changes from incongruent to congruent melting behavior

• The field of liquid immiscibility, the 2L field on the 1 atm diagram, disappears at slightly elevated pressures and is no longer evident in the 3 kbar diagram.

Page 33: 1 Binary Phase Diagrams GLY 4200 Fall, 2012. 2 Binary Diagrams Binary diagrams have two components We therefore usually choose to plot both T (temperature)

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Orthoclase – Albite at

Low P

Page 34: 1 Binary Phase Diagrams GLY 4200 Fall, 2012. 2 Binary Diagrams Binary diagrams have two components We therefore usually choose to plot both T (temperature)

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Orthoclase – Albite at

5 kbars

Page 35: 1 Binary Phase Diagrams GLY 4200 Fall, 2012. 2 Binary Diagrams Binary diagrams have two components We therefore usually choose to plot both T (temperature)

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Reading a Ternary Diagram

Page 36: 1 Binary Phase Diagrams GLY 4200 Fall, 2012. 2 Binary Diagrams Binary diagrams have two components We therefore usually choose to plot both T (temperature)

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Points on Diagram Edge

• Points on the edge have only two components

Page 37: 1 Binary Phase Diagrams GLY 4200 Fall, 2012. 2 Binary Diagrams Binary diagrams have two components We therefore usually choose to plot both T (temperature)

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Reading Sample Points

• Note that the scales are plotted increasing in a CCW directions

Page 38: 1 Binary Phase Diagrams GLY 4200 Fall, 2012. 2 Binary Diagrams Binary diagrams have two components We therefore usually choose to plot both T (temperature)

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Ternary Rock

Composition Diagram

• Ternary diagrams can be used to plot any three things

Page 39: 1 Binary Phase Diagrams GLY 4200 Fall, 2012. 2 Binary Diagrams Binary diagrams have two components We therefore usually choose to plot both T (temperature)

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Texture Diagram

• Another use of ternary diagrams

Page 40: 1 Binary Phase Diagrams GLY 4200 Fall, 2012. 2 Binary Diagrams Binary diagrams have two components We therefore usually choose to plot both T (temperature)

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Ternary System

• Sample ternary diagram

Page 41: 1 Binary Phase Diagrams GLY 4200 Fall, 2012. 2 Binary Diagrams Binary diagrams have two components We therefore usually choose to plot both T (temperature)

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Silica

Nepheline Kalsilite

10

10

10

20

20

200

0

0

30

30

30

40

40

40

50 50

50

60

60

60

70

70

70

80

80

80

90

90

90

100

100

100

← % Nepheline

% Silica ↑% Kalsilite ↓

Page 42: 1 Binary Phase Diagrams GLY 4200 Fall, 2012. 2 Binary Diagrams Binary diagrams have two components We therefore usually choose to plot both T (temperature)

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Real Plot


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