1 basis technical-overview (2)
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Overview
SAP Basis Functions
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SAP Technical Overview
Learning Objectives
• What the Basis system is
• How does SAP handle a transaction request
• Differentiating between the various work processes
• Understanding the basic functions of the Basis Module
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SAP Technical Overview
The Software-Oriented View of R/3
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SAP Technical Overview
The SAP R/3 System Architecture
• Implications for Application Programming– Separate presentation and application layers implies
that when you run an application program that requires user interaction, control of the program is continually passed backwards and forwards between layers.
– When a screen is ready for user input, the presentation layer is active, and the application server is inactive with regard to that particular program.
– As a consequence, the program logic in an application program that occurs between two screens is known as a DIALOG STEP.
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SAP Technical Overview
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SAP Technical Overview
• Application Layer (cont.)– Application Server
• R/3 programs run on application servers• The APPLICATION SERVER communicate with
the presentation components, the database, and also with each other, using a MESSAGE SERVER.
• Main components:– Work Processes (Dialog, Update, Enqueue,
Batch, Spool)– Dispatcher– Gateway– Message Server
The SAP R/3 System Architecture
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What happens when I send a request to SAP?
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SAP Technical Overview
Application ServerPresentation . . . Internet
Application
Database
Communication
SAPGUISAPGUI InternetOffice
Work-Work-processprocess
Work-Work-processprocess
Work-Work-processprocess
DispatcherDispatcher
TCP/IP
Remote SQL
IPCIPCIPCIPC
Local BufferLocal Bufferfor R/3 Data,for R/3 Data,
DW-Objects,DW-Objects,ABAP-ObjectsABAP-Objects
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SAP Technical Overview
Dispatcher
• Program which manages resources of the R/3 applications
• Receives requests from user and passes them to the corresponding work processes
• Only one dispatcher per application server
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SAP Technical Overview
Dispatcher Tasks
• Balances the workload between the processes
• Buffer management in main memory
• Connection with the presentation level
• Organization of the communication processes
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SAP Technical Overview
Work Process
• Responsible for executing R/3 application tasks
Database Interface
Task Handler
ABAP/4Processor
DialogInterpreter
Work Process
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SAP Technical Overview
Different Kind of Work Processes for different Tasks
Dialog
D
SAP DispatcherSAP DispatcherBatch
Spool
Update
Enqueue
S
12
9
6
3
11 1
7 58 4
210
B
M
G
Message
Gateway
R/2 R/3
V
E
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SAP Technical Overview
Dialog Work Processes
Dialog
D
• Responsible for the interactive tasks of the R/3 system
• Dialog work processes execute only one dialog step at a time and are immediately freed for the next user request
• Constantly switching between users
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SAP Technical Overview
Background Work Processes
• Responsible for executing ABAP programs submitted for background execution
• Batch jobs schedule the sequence of program execution
• Used for running long and time consuming programs
Batch12
9
6
3
11 1
7 58 4
210
B
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SAP Technical Overview
Spool Work Processes
• Responsible for formatting the data for printing and passing it to the host spool system
• Only one spool work process allowed per server
Spool
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SAP Technical Overview
Enqueue Work Processes• Responsible for the lock
management system
• Synchronizes database access for the multiple application servers and work processes
• Only one enqueue process per R/3 system to ensure data integrity
Enqueue
E
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SAP Technical Overview
Update Work Processes• Responsible for making
database changes requested by dialog and background processes
• For better performance, this process should be on the database server
UpdateV
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SAP Technical Overview
V1 vs. V2 Update Processes• Time-critical processes are
inside V1 and less critical ones within V2
• Error situations in– V1 : changes rolled back and
V2 components not executed– V2 : only changes of V2
components rolled back
UpdateV
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SAP Technical Overview
Message Server• Used by different application
servers to exchange data and internal messages
• Routes messages, such as update or batch job starts, between application servers
• One message server per system
M
Message
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SAP Technical Overview
Gateway Server• Allows communication
between R/3, R/2, and external applications
• Exchanges large amounts of information between application servers
• Gateway can reside on any of the connected systems
G
Gateway
R/2 R/3
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SAP Technical Overview
Work Processes• Number of work processes can only be
changed after restarting the system
• Should have at least two dialog work processes
• Need to have at least one V1 and V2 processes
• Number of spool processes cannot be changed
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SAP Technical Overview
Application ServerPresentation . . . Internet
Application
Database
Communication
SAPGUISAPGUI InternetOffice
Work-Work-processprocess
Work-Work-processprocess
Work-Work-processprocess
DispatcherDispatcher
TCP/IP
Remote SQL
IPCIPCIPCIPC
Local BufferLocal Bufferfor R/3 Data,for R/3 Data,
DW-Objects,DW-Objects,ABAP-ObjectsABAP-Objects
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SAP Technical Overview
TCP/IP
Processing of a SAP Transaction (1)Presentation . . . Internet
Application
Database
Communication
SAPGUI
Work-Work-processprocess
Work-Work-processprocess
Work-Work-processprocess
DispatcherDispatcher
Remote SQL
IPCIPCIPCIPC
Local BufferLocal Bufferfor R/3 Data,for R/3 Data,
DW-Objects,DW-Objects,ABAP-ObjectsABAP-Objects
StartStartTransactionTransaction
Assign User Assign User request torequest to
WorkprocessWorkprocess
Fetch data from Fetch data from bufferbuffer/database/database
Re-Re-turnturndatadataforfor
nextnextstepstep
11
22
33
44
55
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SAP Technical Overview
Processing of a SAP Transaction (2)Presentation . . . Internet
Application
Database
Communication
SAPGUI
Work-Work-processprocess
Work-Work-processprocess
Work-Work-processprocess
DispatcherDispatcher
TCP/IP
Remote SQL
IPCIPCIPCIPC
Local BufferLocal Bufferfor R/3 Data,for R/3 Data,
DW-Objects,DW-Objects,ABAP-ObjectsABAP-Objects
11
22
33
5566
88
Fetch data fromFetch data frombuffer/buffer/databasedatabase
9977
1010
Assign UserAssign Userrequest torequest to
WorkprocessWorkprocess
Re-Re-turnturndatadataforfor
nextnextstepstep
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SAP Technical Overview
Processing of a SAP Transaction (3)Presentation . . . Internet
Application
Database
Communication
SAPGUI
Work-Work-processprocess
Work-Work-processprocess
Work-Work-processprocess
DispatcherDispatcher
TCP/IP
Remote SQL
IPCIPCIPCIPC
Local BufferLocal Bufferfor R/3 Data,for R/3 Data,
DW-Objects,DW-Objects,ABAP-ObjectsABAP-Objects
11
22
33
44
5566
88
9977
10101111
1212
1313 1414
Update data Update data on databaseon database
End transactionEnd transaction
Request Request for updatefor update
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SAP Technical Overview
SAP Communication Interfaces
HighLevel
Lowlevel
SAP Technology
Communication Interface
Communication System
MailMAPI SMTPX.400
MailMAPI SMTPX.400
EDIEDI
Business API Business API
RFCRFC
CPI-CCPI-C
Q-APIQ-API
IDOCIDOC
ALEALEOLEOLE
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SAP Technical Overview
Business Framework
BusinessComponent
BAPIBAPI
ALEBAPIBAPI
BusinessComponent
• Business Component - contains business functionality
• BAPI - interface between the components
• ALE - integration of components
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SAP Technical Overview
Business API (BAPI)• Defined method of a business object
• Standardized methods allow customers to integrate their software with R/3
• Object-oriented in nature
• BAPIs from all development platforms that support the SAP Remote Function Call (RFC) protocol
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SAP Technical Overview
Other Interfaces
• Application Link Enabled (ALE) - Interface that links different SAP systems and external application systems– Transport special data structures known as
IDOCS (Intermediate Documents)
• Object Linking and Enabled (OLE) - enables desktop users to access SAP data from many OLE client programs
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Basic Functions of Basis
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SAP Technical Overview
Basis Functions
• Hardware and Database Administration
• User and Security Administration
• Client Maintenance
• Correction and Transport System (CTS)
• Data Dictionary
• Online Service System (OSS)
• Performance Monitoring and Tuning
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SAP Technical Overview
Hardware and Database Administration
• Hardware upgrades - adding memory or servers
• Database backup and recovery
• Database optimization
• Disaster Recovery
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SAP Technical Overview
User Administration
• Create users and assign profiles
• Modify, lock and unlock users
• Develop authorizations and profiles
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SAP Technical Overview
Client Maintenance
• Create clients
• Copy and refresh clients
• Client imports and exports
• Delete and remove clients
• Modify change options
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SAP Technical Overview
Correction and Transport System
R/3System
R/3System
R/3System
Development ProductionQuality Assurance
ChangeRequest
Moving changes from one R/3 system to another
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SAP Technical Overview
Online Service System (OSS)
• OSS is a set of SAP’s online services such as bug fixes and useful implementation information
• OSS Notes
• Hotpacks
• Remote Connections
• Send questions to SAP
• ABAP registration
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SAP Technical Overview
Performance Monitoring and Tuning
• Check database usage and storage capabilities
• Dialog response time
• Investigate ABAP short dumps
• Optimize performance characteristics
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SAP Technical Overview
Computer Center Management System (CCMS)
• Manages the entire system - database, application, operating system
• Collection of tools and utilities which allow you to monitor and manage the R/3 system
• Allows monitoring of multiple R/3 systems
• Comes FREE with each SAP system
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SAP Technical Overview
Computer Center Management System (CCMS) functions
• Starting and stopping instances
• Monitoring and analyzing workload
• Alert capabilities
• Operation modes and work process automatic reconfiguration
• Instance profile checking and maintenance
• Logon load balancing