1 Anthropometry Spring 2014 BPK 303. Anthropometric Measures Fall 2013 2Spring 2008.
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Transcript of 1 Anthropometry Spring 2014 BPK 303. Anthropometric Measures Fall 2013 2Spring 2008.
Anthropometric Measures Fall 2013
2Spring 2008
Data Sheet 1 Data Sheet 2 Data Sheet 3
Stretch Stature (cm) Bone Widths (cm) Projected Heights (cm) Weight (kg) Humerus Sitting Height Femur Ilio-Spinale Skinfolds (mm) Trochanterion Triceps Girths (cm) Tibiale Laterale Subscapular Head Biceps Neck Direct Lengths (cm) Forearm Arm (relaxed) Upper Arm (Ac – Rad) Iliac Crest Arm (flexed) Forearm (Rad – Sty) Supraspinale Forearm (max.) Hand (MidSty – Dac) Abdominal Wrist Tibial (Tib Med – Sphy) Front Thigh Chest Foot Medial Calf Waist Gluteal Breadths (cm) Thigh A.P. Chest Depth Calf Transverse Chest Ankle Biacromial Breadth Biiliocristal Breadth
4Spring 2008
Anthropometry
Landmarking necessary for repeatability of measures
Only a few landmarks are required for the measures used in this course
Standard Landmarking & Measurement Position
Landmarks must be short horizontal lines
5Spring 2008
Stretch Stature (Height) Head held in Frankfort Plane Requires two people to measure Feet together Stretch justified as overcoming
diurnal variation Check for heel lifting (especially in
children)
6Spring 2008
Variability of Height
Height can vary up to 2.5cm a day or more
Compression of the intervertebral discs occurs
Lost height can be restored with fetal curls
7Spring 2008
Weight Fluctuation Calibrated scale Beam balances tend to hold calibration longer OMRON Scale and Body Composition Analyzer
8Spring 2008
Skinfolds
Parallel fold of double thickness of skin plus subcutaneous adipose tissue
Caliper applied perpendicular to the fold
Fold held firmly by left hand while full pressure is applied by caliper
2 second timing until reading Skinfolds can be measured at any
site where there is a loose junction between subcutaneous adipose tissue and the underlying fascia.
9Spring 2008
Skinfold Calipers
Slim Guide Caliper Pressure?
Spring Tension / Jaw Surface Area
Harpenden10 gm.mm-2
Lange35 gm.mm-2
Slim Guide11.4 gm.mm-2
Harpenden
Adipometer
Slim Guide
Fatometer
Lange
10Spring 2008
Skinfold Calipers
Harpenden Lange SlimGuide FatoMeter Adipometer
Precision greater than necessary.
Delicate
Stays calibrated for a long time
Expensive
> $200
GOLD STANDARD
Small jaw surfaces that pivot
Calibration wanders
Expensive
> $150
ABS Plastic
Robust
Stays calibrated for a long time
Inexpensive
$35
Plastic
Fragile
Parallel jaw surfaces
Weak Springs
Inexpemsive
< $20
Single piece of molded plastic
Uses elastic properties of plastic to exert constant tension
It Works!
< $10
Skinfold Descriptions
Technique
Subscapular Skinfold the caliper distance when applied one centimeter distally from the left thumb and index finger raising a fold beneath the inferior angle of the scapula in a direction running obliquely downwards at an angle determined by the natural lines of tension in the skin. The pick up can be made consistent by placing the little finger of the left hand on the angle of the scapula then placing the index finger just to the right of it and the thumb just below it. Site
12Spring 2008
Girths
Circumference perpendicular to the long axis of the body segment
Tape should be touching but not indenting skin
Cross-handed technique
Compressive Clothing Effect
13Spring 2008
GIRTHSSlim Top
Bra Nude Sports BraSwim Suit
Chest (meso) 97.6 98.0 - 99.3 98.2
Chest (max) 97.5 98.9 95.6 96.8 97.5
2 cm could be 10 – 15% point shift in percentile rating
GIRTHSYoga Pants
UnderwearFitted Shorts
Compression Shorts
Swim Suit
Loose Shorts
Gluteal 103.4 104.2 102.1 101.5 102.0 105.6
4 cm could be 20 – 30% point shift in percentile rating
Thigh 62.1 63.0 60.3 62.0 - -
2.5 cm could be 15 - 20% point shift in percentile rating
14Spring 2008
Projected Heights Perpendicular
distance from floor to landmark
Tibiale Height usually measured standing although sometimes used seated for disabled populations.
Derived length = difference between two projected heights
16Spring 2008
Bone Widths & Breadths Caliper type and placement specific to measurement Press firmly while measurement is made Vernier Scale
Validity & Reliability
17Spring 2008
UnreliableNot Valid
UnreliableValid?
ReliableNot Valid
ReliableValid
18Spring 2008
Measurement Reliability
How do you quantify reliability? Is a correlation coefficient
adequate? Technical Error of Measurement?
19Spring 2008
Correlation Coefficient: Poor indicator of reliability
A high correlation between trials does not necessarily indicate reliability unless slope is 1 and intercept is 0.
Means of trials 1 and 2 would be different. Paired t-test with no sig. diff. between means with a high correlation would show high reliability. But this would be clumsy analysis.
r = > 0.9
Line of Identity
Trial 1
Trial
2
20Spring 2008
Technical Error of Measurement
I II d d2 7.5 8.0 +0.5 .25 15.0 15.5 +0.5 .25 12.5 12.5 0 0 13.0 12.9 -0.1 .01 32.0 35.0 +3.0 9 4.5 4.5 0 0
Sum d2 9.51 TEM 0.81mm
Measure of variability between two trials
TEMdiff
n
2
2
21Spring 2008
% TEM
To compare the relative reliabilities of measures using different units such as height and weight, a %TEM is used.
%TEM is the absolute TEM divided by the mean of the measurements multiplied by 100.
A dimensionless score that can be compared across measurements.
Also for same measurement when size is an issue
22Spring 2008
% Technical Error of Measurement
100)/(% MeanTEMTEM
I II d d2
7.5 8 0.5 0.25
15 15.5 0.5 0.25
12.5 12.5 0 0
13 12.9 -0.1 0.01
32 35 3 9
4.5 4.5 0 0
Sum d2 9.51
TEM 0.89
Mean 14.41 %TEM 6.18