1 An Introduction to The National Digital Archives Project, ROC Eric Yen NDAP Project Office...

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An Introduction toAn Introduction to

The National Digital Archives Project, ROCThe National Digital Archives Project, ROC

Eric YenEric Yen

NDAPNDAP Project OfficeProject Office

[email protected]

Jan. 2002

APAN2002 Conference in APAN2002 Conference in PhuketPhuket

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OutlineOutline

Background:Background: An ever changing worldAn ever changing world

Some thoughts concerning the Some thoughts concerning the creation of a Digital Virtue World of creation of a Digital Virtue World of CultureCulture

An introduction to An introduction to the National Digital the National Digital Archives Project of ROCArchives Project of ROC

Concluding RemarksConcluding Remarks

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Background:Background:We are living in an ever changing world.We are living in an ever changing world.

Major Driving sources:Major Driving sources: Micro-electronicsMicro-electronics Bio-TechnologyBio-Technology New MaterialsNew Materials New Machines New Machines CommunicationCommunication

Computer/ComputingComputer/Computing……......

Post-Modernism ?Post-Modernism ? Else?Else?

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ITIT is is transforming our Societytransforming our Society Transforming the way weTransforming the way we

communicatecommunicate deal with informationdeal with information learnlearn

Transforming the nature ofTransforming the nature of commercecommerce workwork

Transforming the practice of health careTransforming the practice of health care Transforming how weTransforming how we

design and build thingsdesign and build things conduct researchconduct research deal with environmentdeal with environment

Transforming governmentTransforming government

National coordination Office for Computing, National coordination Office for Computing, Information, and Communications, USA, August 1998Information, and Communications, USA, August 1998

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The TransformingThe Transforming

How fast How fast IT IT changes?changes? Hardware life cycle:Hardware life cycle: every every 18~2418~24 months months Software life cycle:Software life cycle: every every 24~3624~36 months months‧‧ Internet:Internet: 11 calendar yearcalendar year 7 7 Net-yearsNet-years

But the data/information we are using should But the data/information we are using should last for more than hundreds of years.last for more than hundreds of years.

How long will the transformation last?How long will the transformation last?

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Progress of Communication TechnologyProgress of Communication Technology

The 1st Period The 1st Period 230-1830230-1830

((1600 1600 yearsyears ) )

The 2nd PeriodThe 2nd Period 1830~19901830~1990

((160 160 yearsyears ) )

The 3rd PeriodThe 3rd Period 1990-2006?1990-2006?

((16 16 yearsyears??))

The invention of Paper 105The invention of Paper 105Woodblock Printing 650Woodblock Printing 650Movable type Printing 1045Movable type Printing 1045Pencils 1630Pencils 1630Eraser, Carbon paper 1830Eraser, Carbon paper 1830Telephone 1870Telephone 1870Broadcasting 1910Broadcasting 1910Color TV 1950Color TV 1950ESS, Satellite, Optical Fiber 1970ESS, Satellite, Optical Fiber 1970

PC, Fiber communication 1990PC, Fiber communication 1990ATM, PCS, CD, WWWATM, PCS, CD, WWW, , Multi-media... Multi-media... ???...???...

Karl Hsu, Lucent Technology Inc., 1998Karl Hsu, Lucent Technology Inc., 1998

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Some Concerns & ThoughtsSome Concerns & Thoughts

How does information technology interact How does information technology interact with our culture and society?with our culture and society?

What are the cultural and social impacts of What are the cultural and social impacts of Information Technology?Information Technology?Can our culture survive the information age? Can our culture survive the information age? Will our traditions become endangered while Will our traditions become endangered while

Internet becomes more popular?Internet becomes more popular?

If so, what shall we do?If so, what shall we do?

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An Informatics Theory for HumanitiesAn Informatics Theory for HumanitiesO u t l i n eO u t l i n e

Knowledge, Communication and Civilization Knowledge, Communication and Civilization Communication, Media and InformationCommunication, Media and Information A Review of Media vs. Social ChangeA Review of Media vs. Social Change Digital MediaDigital Media A General Definition of InformationA General Definition of Information The Nature of Information and the Properties The Nature of Information and the Properties

of Information Technology of Information Technology ((ITIT)) The Role of The Role of ITIT in Academics in Academics ITIT and Social Change and Social Change

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Media and Social ChangeMedia and Social Change

From documented development of human From documented development of human civilization, media’s influence on the civilization, media’s influence on the representation and dissemination of knowledge representation and dissemination of knowledge has proven to be very great. has proven to be very great.

Whenever a new form of media was introduced, it Whenever a new form of media was introduced, it invariably led to changes in the dissemination of invariably led to changes in the dissemination of information knowledge, modified human relations information knowledge, modified human relations and society, initiated organizational and social and society, initiated organizational and social change, and developed new forms of civilization.change, and developed new forms of civilization.

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Two Major Functions of ITTwo Major Functions of IT CommunicationCommunication

Person to personPerson to person Person to MachinePerson to Machine

Query and Access Query and Access Working & LearningWorking & Learning

Mass Comm.Mass Comm. InformationInformation DisseminationDissemination EducationEducation

Machine to MachineMachine to Machine InternetInternet Satellite & WirelessSatellite & Wireless LANLAN

Knowledge ProcessingKnowledge Processing Storage Storage Accumulation & GrowthAccumulation & Growth Representation Representation TransformationTransformation Referencing & Referencing &

Relations set-up Relations set-up ApplicationsApplications Searching for new Searching for new

knowledge knowledge

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Communication and knowledge Communication and knowledge

processing are two processing are two

indispensable driving sources indispensable driving sources

of civilization.of civilization.

Information technology is both Information technology is both

communication technology and communication technology and

knowledge processing technology.knowledge processing technology.

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The Role of IT in Supporting Various DisciplinesThe Role of IT in Supporting Various Disciplines

IT is not confined as a very powerful tool...IT is not confined as a very powerful tool... For each discipline itFor each discipline it

provides new ways of looking at problemsprovides new ways of looking at problems

offers new ways of interpreting problemsoffers new ways of interpreting problems

offers new methods of solving problemsoffers new methods of solving problems

provides new models and new theories to provides new models and new theories to understanding problems understanding problems

IT has broadened and deepened the domain IT has broadened and deepened the domain of every academic discipline.of every academic discipline.

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The Role of IT in AcademiesThe Role of IT in Academies In terms of form of In terms of form of ITIT

Provide Simulation and Virtual Systems Provide Simulation and Virtual Systems ITIT is creating a new virtual domain for studying and is creating a new virtual domain for studying and

learning for every discipline, inlearning for every discipline, in parallel with the traditional parallel with the traditional physical domain .physical domain .

Make available digital materials and tools.Make available digital materials and tools.

In terms of content by In terms of content by ITIT ITIT will provide new ways to interpret various meanings will provide new ways to interpret various meanings

of the components in a system. It helps us understand of the components in a system. It helps us understand

and utilize complex systems better.and utilize complex systems better. ITIT will serve as a kind of new “energy” for learning, R/D will serve as a kind of new “energy” for learning, R/D

and applications due to the content it carries. and applications due to the content it carries.

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As a consequence, IT will As a consequence, IT will introduce a new civilizationintroduce a new civilization..

The NDAP is expected to meet The NDAP is expected to meet the challenge. the challenge.

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Background of Background of NDAPNDAP 11

Infrastructure:Infrastructure: Favorable Government Policy Favorable Government Policy Sound Tele-communication Policy and Capacity. Sound Tele-communication Policy and Capacity. About 1/3 of the total population of Taiwan, 6.8M, are Internet About 1/3 of the total population of Taiwan, 6.8M, are Internet

users.users. All primary schools have had ADSL access since the summer All primary schools have had ADSL access since the summer

of 2000.of 2000. ……

Coordination is needed for various digitization Coordination is needed for various digitization projects in Taiwan.projects in Taiwan. e-Government, e-commerce... e-Government, e-commerce... Distance LearningDistance Learning Remote medical careRemote medical care ......

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Technical merits of TaiwanTechnical merits of Taiwan Prosperous Information Industry Prosperous Information Industry Excellent capability in Chinese Language Processing and Excellent capability in Chinese Language Processing and

Chinese Document ProcessingChinese Document Processing Good technical man-power support for multi-media systems Good technical man-power support for multi-media systems

and networking applications.and networking applications.

Cultural TraitsCultural Traits Very rich collections in many fieldsVery rich collections in many fields Chinese culture viewed as a world treasureChinese culture viewed as a world treasure

Historically, many Asian cultures had been influenced by Historically, many Asian cultures had been influenced by Chinese culture. We are willing to help them digitize their Chinese culture. We are willing to help them digitize their historical documents and cultural collections.historical documents and cultural collections.

An “APEC Digital Archives Consortium” proposal have An “APEC Digital Archives Consortium” proposal have been submitted to APEC since 1999.been submitted to APEC since 1999.

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Cultural Traits Cultural Traits (continue)(continue)

Good capability in Sinology Studies Good capability in Sinology Studies CHGIS, ECAI, Rubbing…many on-going international proCHGIS, ECAI, Rubbing…many on-going international pro

jectsjects Other international academic activitiesOther international academic activities

Unique language featuresUnique language featuresWe have actively participated draftingWe have actively participated drafting Asian LanguageAsian Language standards standards

in :in : Open Language Archives CommunityOpen Language Archives Community ISLEISLE, , Internal Standards for Language EngineeringInternal Standards for Language Engineering

Nature ResourcesNature ResourcesCatalog of Life (Indexing Taiwanese known species)

Approximately 200,000 species of the most up-to-date checklist including citations.

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Goals of Goals of NDAPNDAP Preserving national cultural collectionsPreserving national cultural collections Popularizing fine cultural holdingsPopularizing fine cultural holdings Strengthening cultural heritage and guiding Strengthening cultural heritage and guiding

cultural development cultural development Popularizing knowledge / Information sharingPopularizing knowledge / Information sharing Enhancing education and learningEnhancing education and learning Bootstrapping cultural and value-added Bootstrapping cultural and value-added

industriesindustries Improving literacy, creativity and quality of lifeImproving literacy, creativity and quality of life Promoting International Cooperation and Promoting International Cooperation and

resource sharingresource sharing

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Spectrums of Spectrums of Digital FilesDigital Files

Education & LearningResearch & Development

Public Information Systemsfor Information Sharing

Boost Up & Improve Creativity, Productivity, Quality of Lives...

A Scenario of Applying Digital Archives

Cultural IndustryCultural IndustryValue Added IndustryValue Added Industry

Content IndustryContent IndustrySoftware Industry...Software Industry...

Private & Government

OrganizationsCitizens

OriginalOriginal HoldingsHoldings

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Organizational Chart of NDAP

Steering CommitteeSteering Committee

Project DirectorProject Director Advisory BoardAdvisory Board

Project OfficeProject Office Board of ExecutivesBoard of ExecutivesEvaluationEvaluation BoardBoard

Board ofBoard of

Project DirectorsProject Directors

Content Development Division

Technique R/D Division

Applications and Services Div.

Promotion and Training Div.

Secretariat &General Support

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Outlines of Outlines of NDAP NDAP 11

NDAPNDAP is a National Project authorized by the is a National Project authorized by the NSC and conducted by Academia Sinica.NSC and conducted by Academia Sinica.It is the fifth National Project of ROC, Taiwan.It is the fifth National Project of ROC, Taiwan.The project office is located in the Institute of The project office is located in the Institute of

Information Science, Academia Sinica.Information Science, Academia Sinica.The Director of The Director of NDAP NDAP is Professor Kou-Shu is Professor Kou-Shu

Yang, Member of Academia Sinica.Yang, Member of Academia Sinica. The first phase of The first phase of NDAP NDAP will be a 5-year plan, will be a 5-year plan,

from from 20022002 to to 20062006..

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Outlines of Outlines of NDAP NDAP 22

Content Holders Participated in the Content Holders Participated in the NDAPNDAP u up to present:p to present:National Palace MuseumNational Palace MuseumNational LibraryNational LibraryHistorica Sinica Historica Sinica ( 國史館 )National History MuseumNational History MuseumNational Museum of Natural SciencesNational Museum of Natural SciencesCommittee of Taiwan Provincial ArchivesCommittee of Taiwan Provincial ArchivesCouncil of Cultural AffairsCouncil of Cultural AffairsNational Taiwan UniversityNational Taiwan UniversityAcademia Sinica Academia Sinica

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Budget PlannedBudget Planned

Total Budget in 2002:Total Budget in 2002:

11.11millian 11.11millian USDUSD

(($383M $383M NTDNTD))

Estimated annul growth rate in Estimated annul growth rate in 2002~2006: 10%~20%2002~2006: 10%~20%

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Budget Plan of 2002: Budget Plan of 2002: 11.1111.11M M USD (total) USD (total)

Management Management $1M $1M USD, 9%USD, 9%

Content DevelopmentContent Development$6.83M $6.83M USDUSD, 61.48%, 61.48%

TechnicalTechnical DevelopmentDevelopment$1.12M $1.12M USD, USD,

10.08%10.08%

Personnel TrainingPersonnel Training$0.29M $0.29M USD, 2.61%USD, 2.61%

Application ProjectsApplication Projects$1.88M $1.88M USD, 16.92%USD, 16.92%

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10%

Budget for Content Holders in 2002Budget for Content Holders in 2002

中央研究院6,513 萬31%

歷史博物館800萬4%

自然科學博物館1,698 萬8%

國家圖書館1,857 萬9%

故宮博物院3,308 萬16%

國立臺灣大學1,953 萬9%

國史館2,000 萬

省文獻會1,363 萬6%

文建會1,500 萬7%

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Important IssuesImportant Issues Intellectual property rights Intellectual property rights Time, Space and Language CoordinationTime, Space and Language Coordination Multi-lingual issuesMulti-lingual issues Public information systemsPublic information systems Technical Specifications and StandardsTechnical Specifications and Standards Meta-language and DocumentationMeta-language and Documentation

Metadata Metadata Content MarkupContent Markup References and LinkingReferences and Linking

Cooperation and collaborationCooperation and collaboration

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Space, Time and Language Coordinates for Digital ArchivesSpace, Time and Language Coordinates for Digital Archives

LanguageLanguage

TimeTime SpaceSpace

Language Language in Timein Time

HistoricalHistoricalGISGIS

Language Language in Spacein Space

Language Language in Text, in in Text, in Speech...Speech...

Language Changes

Digital Archives

Language variations

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Language CoordinationLanguage Coordination

Linguistic OntologyLinguistic Ontology Word NetWord Net

SynsetSynset CorpusCorpus ThesaurusThesaurus DictionariesDictionaries Cross References and LinksCross References and Links

Linguistic Markup and StandardsLinguistic Markup and Standards Multi-lingual Mapping at concept & Multi-lingual Mapping at concept &

word level word level

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Linguistic MarkupsLinguistic Markups

Phonetic Phonetic MarkupMarkupphonemephonemetonetoneintonationintonationbreath groupbreath group......

Phonetic MarkupPhonetic Markup Syntactic MarkupSyntactic Markup Semantics Semantics

MarkupMarkup Pragmatics Pragmatics

MarkupMarkup

An Example:An Example:

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Taiwan Digital Archives Taiwan Digital Archives 11

SourcesSources By donationBy donation By By NDAPNDAP

Contents by Contents by NDAP: TDANDAP: TDA Language Archives and Language CoordinateLanguage Archives and Language Coordinate Time and Space CoordinatesTime and Space Coordinates

Historical GISHistorical GIS TaiwanTaiwan China China

Historical Time Mapping TablesHistorical Time Mapping Tables((All of the following contents are expected to beAll of the following contents are expected to be linked to the linked to the

Language, Time and Space coordinatesLanguage, Time and Space coordinates))

One million air photos will be integrated into the system by 2006

One million air photos will be integrated into the system by 2006

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Collections of indigenous cultures in TaiwanCollections of indigenous cultures in Taiwan Contemporary Historical ArchivesContemporary Historical Archives

1860~1926 Archive of foreign affairs 1895~1945 (Japanese ruling period)1945~1947 Administration Archive of Taiwan1950~1970 Archive of Economical Cooperation and Development蔣介石 Archive Archives of the Resources Planning Committee Early time Government Archives 淡新 Archive (Full Text and Image DB)岸裡大社 Archive 伊能嘉矩 script Archive (Image DB)

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Fishes and Shell Fishes in and around Fishes and Shell Fishes in and around TaiwanTaiwan

Plants of TaiwanPlants of Taiwan Insects of TaiwanInsects of Taiwan Minerals in TaiwanMinerals in Taiwan Animals and Birds in Taiwan Animals and Birds in Taiwan Archaeological CollectionsArchaeological Collections Fossil collections Fossil collections

To be completed by 2006

To be completed by 2006

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RubbingsRubbingsBronze Bronze StoneStone

From ChinaFrom China From Taiwan, since From Taiwan, since 18601860

Bamboo and woodBamboo and wood

Jade, porcelain and bronze collections Mainly Chin and Han Periods at present

Ancient Calligraphy collections Ancient Painting collections

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Historical ArchivesHistorical Archives The Ching Dynasty ArchivesThe Ching Dynasty Archives

Image database of Rare BooksImage database of Rare Books An Archive of Drawings in Ancient BooksAn Archive of Drawings in Ancient Books Selected Gazetteer DocumentsSelected Gazetteer Documents Early Periodicals and Newspapers Early Periodicals and Newspapers

published in Taiwanpublished in Taiwan

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Concluding RemarkConcluding Remark

The Internet speeds up the coming of a The Internet speeds up the coming of a new civilization. new civilization.

The trend of shifting major media from The trend of shifting major media from paper to digital is unavoidable. Cultural paper to digital is unavoidable. Cultural issues are thus the utmost priority that we issues are thus the utmost priority that we must face and solve with collective wisdom.must face and solve with collective wisdom.

NDAP provides a good start to address NDAP provides a good start to address cultural issues in this fast and ever-cultural issues in this fast and ever-changing world.changing world.

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Concluding RemarkConcluding Remark

International cooperation and collaboration International cooperation and collaboration are most welcome. We are willing to share are most welcome. We are willing to share our work with you. Please contact us at:our work with you. Please contact us at:

[email protected]@sinica.edu.tw

or, visit our web-site at:or, visit our web-site at:

www.nado.sinica.edu.twwww.nado.sinica.edu.tw

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The EndThe End

Thank you very much !Thank you very much !

1 An Introduction to The National Digital Archives Project, ROC Eric Yen NDAP Project Office...

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