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An Introduction

ASTM International Standards for Biofuels

September 2006

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Curtis P. Williams

Georgia Dept. of Agriculture

State Oil Lab

Membership Secretary for Subcommittee D02.A on Gasoline and

Oxygenated Fuels

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Today’s Presentation

• Introduce ASTM’s standardization concepts

• Provide an overview of ASTM International

• Introduce Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants

• Open the discussion to your questions

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ASTM Standardization Concepts

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ASTM Standardization Concept

A decentralized system

• ASTM’s technical committees make the

decisions

• ASTM provides an open forum and an

administrative framework

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ASTM Standardization Concept

Partnership of the public and private sector

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ASTM Standardization Concept

The system is open

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ASTM Standardization Concept

A balance of interests exists

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ASTM Standardization Concept

ASTM’s standards are voluntary

• Standards are only mandatory when cited in

regulation or called out in a contract

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ASTM Standardization Concept

Marketplace orientation

Reflects changes in technology

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Overview of ASTM International

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About ASTM International

Organized in 1898

Independent, private sector, not-for-profit

Provides a global forum for the development of voluntary, consensus standards and promotion of related knowledge

Does not provide certification or accreditation

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About ASTM International

Headquarters near Philadelphia

Staff of 170

Offices in:

• Washington, DC

• Mexico City, Mexico

• Beijing, China (China Standards and

Conformity Assessment office)

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ASTM Standards are International

ASTM complies with the principles identified in the World Trade Organization’s, Technical Barriers to Trade Agreement, document G/TBT/1/REV 8 Section IX.

• Transparency ● Relevance

• Openness ● Coherency

• Impartiality and consensus

• Consideration of the concerns of developing countries

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ASTM Standards are International

ASTM standards are used around the world

ASTM standards are developed by technical experts from around the world

46 members from Brazil participate as active members on many ASTM Committees including D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants

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ASTM Serves Multiple Sectors, Including

Metals

Petroleum and Lubricants

Environment

• Air, soil and water

Construction Materials

Consumer Products

Biotechnology

Plastics

Road and Paving

Medical and Surgical Materials and Devices

Textiles

Nanotechnology

Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology

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ASTM’s Product

Over 12,000 standards published annually

Related publications

Related training and laboratory cross-check testing programs

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The ASTM Structure

30,000 Members

• 128 countries represented

• 90 industry sectors represented

138 Technical committees

2,200 Subcommittees

Thousands of task groups

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Introduction to ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants

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About Committee D02’s Work

Committee D02 develops test methods and specifications for:

• Liquid fuels from petroleum, liquid and semi-

liquid lubricants, hydraulic fluids, gaseous or

liquid hydrocarbons, petrolatum and petroleum

wax, additives that affect the characteristics of

fuel, biodegradation, ecotoxicity, and

bioaccumulation of petroleum products

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Committee D02

Includes over 1,500 members from 52 countries

Developer of over 650 petroleum standards that have helped to provide heat for homes, fuel for automobiles and airplanes, and lubricants for machinery

Sponsor of numerous technical publications, laboratory quality assurance programs and technical and professional training courses, workshops, and symposia

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Committee D02

Committee D02 helps to promote a cleaner, safer environment by creating specifications, test methods, practices, and guides

that address the need for alternative, environmentally friendly fuels.

Refiners, automobile manufacturers, engine manufactures, ethanol producers, biodiesel producers, equipment and apparatus vendors, governments, academia, Department of Defense and others from around the world participate in the standards activities of the Committee.

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Technical Committee Structure

MAIN CommitteeD02 on Petroleum Products

and Lubricants

Subcommittee .93Quality Assurance

and Statistics

Sections /TGs on …

Sections / TGs on …

Subcommittee .JAviation Fuels

Subcommittee .08Volatility

Subcommittee .03Elemental Analysis

Subcommittee .90Executive

Many subcommittees and sections / task groups

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Product Subcommittees

A. Gasoline and Oxygenated Fuels

B. Automotive Lubricants

C. Turbine Fuels

D. Hydrocarbon for Chemical and Special Uses

E. Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine and Marine Fuels

F. Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Products

G. Lubricating Greases

H. Liquified Petroleum Gases

J. Aviation Fuels

L. Industrial Lubricants

N. Hydraulic Fluids

P. Recycled Petroleum Products

12 Product subcommittees

Specifications Performance Testing

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Properties Subcommittees 1. Combustion Characteristics

2. Static Petroleum Measurement

3. Elemental Analysis

4. Hydrocarbon Analysis

5. Properties of Fuels, Petroleum Coke and Carbon Materials

6. Analysis of Lubricants

7. Flow Properties

8. Volatility

9. Oxidation

10. Properties of Petroleum Wax

11. Engineering Science of High Performance Fluids & Solids

12. Environmental Standards for Lubricants

14. Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels

25. Performance Assessment and Validation of Process Stream

Analyzer Systems for Petroleum and Petroleum Products

14 Properties Subcommittees

Test Methods for Properties

Measurements

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Coordinating Subcommittees

92. Interlaboratory Crosscheck Programs

93. International Standards and Related Activities

94. Quality Assurance and Statistics

95. Terminology

96. In-Service Lubricant Testing and Condition Monitoring Services

5 Coordinating Subcommittees

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D02 Interlaboratory Crosscheck Program

Provides laboratories with a statistical quality assurance tool enabling them to compare their performance in the use of ASTM test methods against other labs worldwide

• 20 petroleum related programs such as: gear oil, aviation fuel, automatic transmission fluid, engine oil lubricants, motor gasoline, reformulated gasoline, low-sulfur diesel, BIODIESEL, #2 diesel, engine oil lubricants

• Over 2,300 laboratories participate from 74 countries

• Very active participation from Petrobras across many programs

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D02 Technical and Professional Training

Provides training on the use and implementation of ASTM standards. Conducted around the world by technical experts familiar with the ASTM standards

• Aviation fuel

• Gasoline

• Marine fuel

• Fuel and Diesel Technology

• Crude Oil

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Ethanol Standards

• Subcommittee D02.A on Gasoline and Oxygenated Fuels

– Over 260 members that include participation from more than 20 countries

– Active participation from Petrobras

– Ethanol standards included in scope of D02.A

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Ethanol Specifications

D5797, Specification for Fuel methanol (M70-M85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines

Covers a fuel blend, nominally 70 to 85 volume % methanol and 30 to 14 volume % hydrocarbons for use in ground vehicles with automotive spark-ignition engines

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• D4806, Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasoline for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel

Covers nominally anhydrous denatured fuel ethanol intended to be blended at up to 10 volume % with unleaded gasoline for use as a spark-ignition automotive engine fuel

Ethanol Specifications

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Ethanol Specifications

• D5798, Specification for Fuel Ethanol (Ed75 Ed-85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines

Covers a fuel blend, nominally 75 to 85 volume %

denatured fuel ethanol and 25 to 15 additional volume % hydrocarbon use in ground vehicles with automotive spark-ignition engines designed to use such a fuel

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Biodiesel Standards

• Subcommittee D02.E on Diesel Fuel– Over 290 members that include participation

from 17 countries– Active participation from Petrobras– Biodiesel standards included in scope of

D02.E

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Biodiesel Standards

• D6751 Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels

Specification covers biodiesel fuel blend stock(B100) Grades S15 and S500 for use as a blend component with diesel fuel oils defined by Specification D 975 Grades 1-D, 2-D, and low sulfur 1-D and 2-D. Biodiesel may be blended with fuel oils whose sulfur or aromatic levels are outside Specification D 975 Grades 1-D, 2-D, and low sulfur 1-D and 2-D, provided the finished mixture meets pertinent national and local specifications and requirements for these properties.

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Subcommittee E48.05 on Biomass Conversion

• Scope includes test methods for characterizing wood, grasses and other celluosics and practices for converting cellulose feedstocks to fuels by enzymes, yeasts and pyrolysis.

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Subcommittee E48.05 on Biomass Conversion

17 approved standards including E869 – Test Method for Performance Evaluation of Fuel Ethanol Manufacturing Facilities

Test is applicable for all starch, sugar, and combination starch/sugar based fermentable feedstocks. Method is applicable to both batch and continuous fuel ethanol manufacturing processes.

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Committee Meetings

Committee D02 (and its related subcommittees) usually meets twice annually

Meetings are open for anyone to attend (members and visitors)

Many subcommittees/ task groups use virtual meetings

ASTM Balloting Process

SECTION / TASKGROUP

SUBCOMMITTEE 60% Affirmative 2/3 approval

SOCIETY & MAIN COMMITTEE D02

60% Return90% Approval

COMMITTEE ON STANDARDS

The ASTM standards development process is driven from the bottom up, by the technical experts.

In the balloting process extensive consideration is given to negative votes. Standards are not approved until all negatives are resolved.

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ASTM International

Standards development is the chief task of ASTM’s committees and subcommittees

Members and non-members determine the need for new standards, revisions activities.

Voting is a member’s opportunity to influence the content of the standard.

Participation is possible using electronic tools

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How can you benefit from ASTM?

Easy access to information

Opportunity to influence the content of standards

Learn about the latest technology (and your competitors)

Establish a global network

Reference and use existing standards; avoid duplication of effort in developing and maintaining standards

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www.astm.org

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Thank you

for the opportunity to present information from ASTM on standards activities related to

biofuels.

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ASTM International looks forward to building cooperative relationships with

Brazil.

David BradleyDirector, ASTM Proficiency Testing Programs and

Staff Manager to Committee D02 + 1-610-832-9681dbradley@astm.org

For more information please contact