1. Amor asteroid -an asteroid whose orbit crosses the orbit of Mars.

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1. Amor asteroid • -an asteroid whose orbit crosses the orbit of Mars

Transcript of 1. Amor asteroid -an asteroid whose orbit crosses the orbit of Mars.

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1. Amor asteroid

• -an asteroid whose orbit crosses the orbit of Mars

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2. Apollo asteroids

• asteroids whose orbits cross the orbit of Earth.

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3. asteroid

• rocky bodies orbiting between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter

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4. asteroid belt

• area between Mars and Jupiter where the majority of asteroids can be found.

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5. binary asteroid

• large asteroid orbited by a smaller satellite body.

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6. carbonaceous asteroid

• a darker asteroid containing more carbon than most asteroids.

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7. carbonaceous chondrite

• a carbonaceous asteroid containing chunks of rocky material (chondrules).

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8. carbonaceous meteorite

• dark meteorite with high carbon content.

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9. chondrule

• rocky materials embedded in the interiors of some carbonaceous meteorites.

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10. coma

• brightest part of a comet, often called the ‘head’ of the comet.

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11. comet

• a small body, composed mainly of ice and dust, in an elliptical orbit about the Sun.

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12. differentiated meteorite

• a meteorite where the denser materials have moved to the center, usually as a result of strong heating in the past, indicating the meteorite was heated by geologic activity or by a collision.

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13. dust tail

• - comet’s tail composed of dust.

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14. fall

• meteorite discovered on the ground after being seen in the sky.

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15. find

• meteorite discovered on the ground without being seen in the sky.

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16. Hirayama family

• a group of asteroids having the same orbit.

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17. hydrogen envelope

• invisible region around a comet extending millions of kilometers into space.

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18. ion tail

• stream of ionized gas pushed away from the head of a comet by the solar wind. (plasma tail)

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19. iron meteorite

• meteorite composed mainly of iron-nickel, high-density.

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20. Kirkwood gaps

• gaps in spacing of orbits of asteroids, caused by gravitational resonance.

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21. meteor

• a piece of interplanetary debris entering the Earth’s atmosphere and burning up.

• A ‘shooting star’.

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22. meteor shower

• many meteors seen each hour, caused by Earth moving through cometary debris.

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23. meteorite

• part of a meteoroid that survives the atmosphere and lands on Earth

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24. meteoroid

• interplanetary debris prior to entering the Earth’s atmosphere

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25. meteoroid swarm

• pebble-sized cometary fragments moving in the same orbit as the parent comet.

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26. micrometeoroid

• interplanetary debris from dust-sized to pebble-sized.

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27. nucleus

• solid region of ice and dust that makes up the head of the comet.

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28. Oort cloud

• material surrounding the solar system, out to about 50,000 A. U. where comets originate.

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29. plasma tail

• ion tail.

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30. primitive meteorite

• a stone meteorite showing no evidence of heating in the past.

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31. radiant

• constellation from whose direction a meteor shower appears to come.

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32. stone meteorite

• composition comparable to that of terrestrial rocks.

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33. stony-iron meteorite

• a mixture of iron and stone.

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34. S-type asteroid

• made of silicate, or rocky material.

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35. Sun-grazing comet

• a comet whose orbit takes it very close to the Sun, at which point it may be destroyed.

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36. Trojan asteroid

• asteroids locked into Lagrange points with Jupiter, in the same orbit as Jupiter, 60 degrees ahead of and behind the planet.

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37. type I tail

• ion tail, plasma tail; made of ionized gases, straight.

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38. type II tail

• dust tail; broad, diffuse, and curved.

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1. What is the evidence of a high potential for collisions of asteroids with Earth?

• Apollo asteroids cross Earth’s orbit

• there are several dozen craters on Earth that may have been impact sites

• other inner planets and moons show impact sites.

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2. What are Trojan asteroids?

• asteroids locked into Lagrange points with Jupiter, in the same orbit as Jupiter, 60 degrees ahead of and behind the planet.

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3. What are comets like when they're far from the Sun? What happens when they come into the inner solar system?• ‘Dirty snowballs’.

• The solar energy causes the ice to sublime.

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4. What are the two types of comet tails?

• Type I tails, ion tails, plasma tails. Straight, made of ionized gasses.

• Type II tails, dust tails. Curved, made of dust.

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5. What are some possible fates of comets?

• Can be broken up when near the Sun.

• Can crash into the Sun.

• Can gradually lose matter with each trip past the Sun.

• Can be pulled out of orbit and crash into another body (a planet).

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6. Explain the difference between a meteor, a meteoroid, and a meteorite. • A meteoroid is debris before it enters the

atmosphere;

• a meteor is debris that has entered the atmosphere;

• a meteorite is a part of a meteor that survives to hit the surface.

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7. What causes a meteor shower?

• The Earth passing through a young, relatively undispersed cluster of meteoroids (comet fragments).

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8. What are the various types of meteorites?

• Differentiated meteorites,

• primitive meteorites,

• carbonaceous meteorites,

• carbonaceous chondrites.

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9. What are the most primitive meteorites?

• Carbonaceous chondrites.

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10. What have meteorites revealed about our solar system?

• Being so old, they reveal the type of materials present at the formation of the solar system.