Local Police Departments, 2013: Equipment and Technology, July ...
1 Agency Administration How are police departments organized?
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Transcript of 1 Agency Administration How are police departments organized?
How are police departments organized? 2
Mission in a Democratic SocietyMission in a Democratic Society
1. Enforce and support the laws
2. Investigate crimes/apprehend offenders
3. Prevent crime
4. Ensure domestic peace and tranquility
5. Provide the community with
enforcement–related services
How are police departments organized? 4
Managerial ConceptsManagerial Concepts
• Division of Labor – similar functions assigned to same group
• Chain of Command – line of authority• Span of Control - # of subordinates
– Ideal is 1:6-10
• Delegation of Responsibility & Authority• Unity of Command – one supervisor per
person• Rules Regulations & Discipline
How are police departments organized? 6
Core Operational StrategiesCore Operational Strategies
1. Preventive patrol
2. Routine incident response – minor traffic, order, reports
3. Emergency response
4. Criminal investigation
5. Problem solving
6. Support services – dispatch, training, records, property control
How are police departments organized? 7
Department OrganizationDepartment OrganizationChief
ChaplinAssistant
Chief
TrainingCommunity
RelationsAdministration
AssistantChief
Polygraph Patrol CID
Drug Unit
Records
SupportServices
Supply
Analysis
Juvenile
Investigation
Traffic
Section A
Section B
Day Watch
Night Watch
SRO
Day Watch
Night Watch
8
Organizing the Department
Organizing the Department
Organizing by Personnel
Organizing by Personnel
How are police departments organized? 9
Organizing by PersonnelOrganizing by Personnel
• Civil Service System – method of hiring and managing government employees– Designed to eliminate political
influence, nepotism, bias
– 1883 Pendleton Act – federal jobs
– 95% of all gov’t employees covered
– Difficult to fire employees
How are police departments organized? 10
Organizing by PersonnelOrganizing by Personnel• Quasi-Military organization
– Strict lines of authority– Uniforms– Rank– Weapons– Authorized by law to use force– Different:
• warriors vs. community figures• police limited by state & con law
How are police departments organized? 11
Organizing by PersonnelOrganizing by Personnel• Sworn vs. non-sworn (Civilian)
– Sworn: peace officers• Under oath to uphold laws and
constitution• Power to arrest under probable cause
– Citizens arrest requires violation to happen in arrestors presence
– Civilian: operators, dispatchers, payroll, technical jobs, lab workers
How are police departments organized? 12
Organizing by PersonnelOrganizing by Personnel• Rank Structure:
– Peace Officer – patrol officer– Corporal – promotion, FTO– Sergeant – 1st supervisor, makes field
decisions• Over squad (6-10 officers)• One per zone or per shift (size a factor)
– Lieutenant – over all operations at time of shift, usually over platoon
How are police departments organized? 13
Organizing by PersonnelOrganizing by Personnel• Rank Structure:
– Detective – has own rank structure but usually has rank over others at crime scene
– Captain – over area of administration
– Assistant Chief – in some depts.
– Chief – Head of dept.• Usually appointed by mayor or selected
by commissioners
How are police departments organized? 14
RankRankChief
Assistant ChiefOr Captain
Assistant ChiefOr Captain
Assistant ChiefOr Captain
Lieutenant
Sergeant
Corporal
Officer
Officer
Officer
Rookie
How are police departments organized? 15
Organizing by PersonnelOrganizing by Personnel• Civilianization – process of of
removing sworn officers from tasks and replacing them with civilians– Reduce costs– 25% of staff– Most jobs seen as punishment by
officers– Parking tickets, past crime reports,
some investigative functions (CSI)
How are police departments organized? 16
Organizing by PersonnelOrganizing by Personnel• Police Reserves/Auxiliaries
– Part time - “summertime cops”– Sometimes not paid– Non-regular but sworn officer– Regular police powers
• Some volunteers do not - retirees
– A way to keep powers when no longer in regular position
How are police departments organized? 18
Organizing by AreaOrganizing by Area
• Beats/Posts – smallest – Foot, patrol units
• Sectors/Zones – group of beats
• Precincts – grouping of Zones– Mostly larger departments
– Station House – one per precinct• Has jail, locker room, offices• Booking desk
How are police departments organized? 20
Organizing by TimeOrganizing by Time
• Three Tour System – three 8 hour shifts–Morning watch – 12-8am
–Day watch – 8-4pm
–Evening watch – 4-12am
–Numerous variations – 12 hour shifts
How are police departments organized? 21
Organizing by TimeOrganizing by Time• Holidays are not assigned, it depends
on the day assigned– Assigned, transfer available by seniority
• Rotating tours – day – evening – morning
• Fixed/Steady tours – stay same• Traditionally – cops were assigned in
even #s– today many are assigned by need
How are police departments organized? 23
Organizing the DepartmentOrganizing the Department
• All are methods are used to organize department
• Every department is different
How are police departments organized? 25
New Age of Policing Post 9/11New Age of Policing Post 9/11
• Traditionally terrorism and intelligence was a federal responsibility
• Terrorism response is now a local expectation – Why do you think local is better?
• Intelligence gathering is also a local priority– Terrorism is also FBI #1 priority
How are police departments organized? 26
New Age of Policing Post 9/11New Age of Policing Post 9/11
• Community Policing is also a part of the response – education, networks
• Task forces and “boundaryless” policing seeks to streamline intelligence
How are police departments organized? 27
Terrorist GoalsTerrorist Goals
• Mass causalities
• Loss of critical resources
• Disruption of vital services
• Disruption of the economy
• Individual and mass panic
How are police departments organized? 28
Terrorist WeaponsTerrorist Weapons
• Biological
• Nuclear
• Incendiary
• Chemical
• Explosive
How are police departments organized? 29
Biological WeaponsBiological Weapons
• Targets: People, animals, crops
• Routes of exposure: Inhalation, ingestion, absorption
Agents:
• May take days or weeks to be confirmed.
• May spread far beyond initial contamination point.
• Considered high risk.
How are police departments organized? 30
Nuclear WeaponsNuclear Weapons
• Much different than conventional weapons:– Many casualties
– Very large area affected
– Long-term health effects
• Considered relatively low risk
How are police departments organized? 31
Radiation Dispersal DevicesRadiation Dispersal Devices
• Conventional explosive with radioactive element
• Radiological materials readily available
• Considered moderate to high risk
How are police departments organized? 32
Incendiary DevicesIncendiary Devices
• Used to initiate combustion
• Easy to make
• Easy to use
• Considered high risk/low impact
How are police departments organized? 33
Chemical AgentsChemical Agents
• Components readily available
• Onset of symptoms from immediate to 18 hours
• Considered moderate risk
How are police departments organized? 34
Conventional ExplosivesConventional Explosives
• Terrorists “weapons of choice”
• Can be:– Military munitions
– Improvised explosive devices
• Considered high risk
How are police departments organized? 36
B-NICE IndicatorsB-NICE Indicators
Environmental indicators:
• Sick or dead animals, fish, or birds
• Unscheduled spraying
• Vapor clouds or mists
• Absence of crops, wildlife, or insects
How are police departments organized? 37
B-NICE IndicatorsB-NICE Indicators
Physical indicators:
• Many casualties without signs of obvious trauma
• Victims who are exhibiting similar symptoms
• Large numbers seeking medical attention
How are police departments organized? 38
Establishing ZonesEstablishing Zones
“Cold Zone”Safe Area
“Warm Zone”Evacuation & Decontamination Area
“Hot Zone”
Incident
Contaminated Area
Wind Direction