1 Adult Chain of Survival Early Recognition and Early Access (Phone 911) Early CPR Early...
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Transcript of 1 Adult Chain of Survival Early Recognition and Early Access (Phone 911) Early CPR Early...
1
Adult Chain of Survival
Early Recognition
and Early Access
(Phone 911)
Early CPR
Early Defibrillation
Early Advanced
Care
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Function of the Heart and Lungs
The heart and lungs provide oxygenated blood to the body, including the brain and the heart muscle
The lungs add oxygen to the blood and remove carbon dioxide
The heart pumps (circulates) blood through the lungs and then to the body, including the brain and the heart muscle
Heart
Lungs
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The Path of Oxygen
Oxygen enters the body through the mouth and nose with each breath
Oxygen travels through the air passages into the lung tissue
Oxygen moves through the lung tissue into the blood
Lower airway
Upper airway
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Function of the Heart
Double pump:
– Pumps blood through lungs to collect oxygen
– Then pumps blood to the body to deliver oxygen
Pumps (beats) about 70 times a minute in adults
Each heartbeat is triggered by an electrical impulse
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Heart Attack
A heart attack happens when part of the heart muscle dies because it does not receive enough blood and oxygen.
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Signs of Heart Attack
In persons with known heart disease:– Chest pain or discomfort not relieved after 5 minutes of rest
and 1 dose of nitroglycerin
In persons without known heart disease:– Chest pain or discomfort that persists for 5 minutes despite
rest
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Actions for Survival
Have victim stop activity and sit or lie down
Phone emergency response number (or 911)
If pain lasts for more than 5 minutes:
Recognize the signsof a heart attack
Give victim nitroglycerin if victim has known heart disease
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Sudden Cardiac Arrest
Cardiac arrest is present when the heart stops pumping blood
A common cause of cardiac arrest in adults is an abnormal heart rhythm called ventricular fibrillation (VF):– In VF the heart quivers uselessly and does not
pump blood– VF requires CPR and an immediate electric
shock — defibrillation — to stop the VF. This will allow the normal heart rhythm to return.
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Sudden Cardiac ArrestThe best chance for survival depends on
early CPR and early defibrillationFor every minute that passes without CPR
and defibrillation, the victim’s chance of survival falls
4 minutes: Brain injury can occur
10-12 minutes: Chance of survival is small unless CPR provided
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Stroke
Block in or bleeding from a blood vessel in the brain
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Signs of Stroke
Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body.– The victim may suddenly fall or may have difficulty
walking or moving.
Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding. The person may suddenly:– be unable to think of correct words to use in a
conversation– slur words – be unable to understand what you are saying
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Signs of Stroke (continued)
Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes.Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of
balance or coordination.Sudden very bad headache with no known
cause.
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Signs of possible stroke —phone or have someone
else phone your emergency response number (or 911)
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The Importance of Early Treatment for Stroke
If you suspect a stroke, the earlier treatment is provided, the better the outcome.
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Causes of Death in Infants and Children
Risk may be reduced for:– Motor vehicle crashes, being struck by a
vehicle, or in a vehicle that crashes– Firearms or falls– Airway obstruction by a foreign object– Choking by suffocation– Burns and smoke inhalation– Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)– Poisoning
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Injury Prevention:Motor Vehicles
Buckle up! Everyone!Children up to 4 years and 40 lb:
use child-restraint device (install correctly!)Children 40-80 lb: use belt-positioning
booster seatChildren taller than 58 inches and more than
80 lb and adults: use lap and shoulder beltChildren 12 years or younger should sit in the
BACK seat
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Injury PreventionPedestrians
– Supervise children near traffic– Teach children to stop, look, and listen
before crossing the street and to use crosswalks
Bicycles– Always wear bike helmet (ANSI- or
Snell-approved)– Ride on right side of road; avoid busy
streets
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Injury PreventionDrowning
– Supervise children near water, including bathtubs and pools, at all times!
– Completely surround outdoor pools with fences– Be sure children wear life vests when swimming in a
natural body of water or boating
Firearms– Store all firearms UNLOADED and LOCKED
Burns and smoke inhalation– Use smoke alarms (check batteries twice a year)– Keep drapes and furniture away from heaters
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Injury PreventionPoisonings
– Keep poison out of reach of children– Do not store in drinking containers or
bottles– Place poison control number near phone
Falls– In high buildings place gates on all
windows in children’s rooms– Use gates to block stairways from infants
and toddlers
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Injury PreventionSudden infant death syndrome
– Place healthy infants to sleep on their backs (“Back to sleep”)
– Do not put any stuffed toys or fluffy comforters or quilts in the crib with the baby
Choking– Do not allow infants and small children to play with
small toys– If a toy is small enough to fit in a standard toilet
paper roll, it can block a child's airway
Suffocation– Do not allow infants or children to play with plastic
bags, balloons, or drapery cords