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1. Acidus – meaning sour or tart2. Feels like water3. Litmus Paper – red4. Conducts electricity5. Reactive with metals6. React with bases to form a salt and water
![Page 3: 1. Acidus – meaning sour or tart 2. Feels like water 3. Litmus Paper – red 4. Conducts electricity 5. Reactive with metals 6. React with bases to form.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020307/56649f185503460f94c2ebf9/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
1. Bitter taste2. Feels smooth and slippery (soap)3. Litmus Paper – Blue4. Conducts electricity5. Not reactive with metals6. React with acids to form a salt and water
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Common AcidsFormula Name
HCl Hydrochloric acid
HNO3 Nitric Acid
H2SO4 Sulfuric Acid
HC2H3O2 Acetic Acid
H2CO3 Carbonic Acid
H3PO4 Phosphoric Acid
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Formula Name
Na(OH) Sodium Hydroxide
K(OH) Potassium Hydroxide
Mg(OH)2 Magnesium Hydroxide
Ca(OH)2 Calcium Hydroxide
Sr(OH)2 Strontium Hydroxide
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H+
H3O+
OH-
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Acid: substance that produces hydrogen ions (H+) or hydronium ions (H3O+) in water
H+ = H3O+
THEY ARE THE SAME THING!!
Example:
HCl + H2O Cl- + H3O+
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Base: substance that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in water
Example:
Na(OH) Na+ + (OH)-
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monoprotic acid : acid that can donate only one proton (hydrogen ion) per molecule.
◦ Example: HCl, HNO3
polyprotic acid : acid that can donate more than one proton per molecule.
◦ Examples: H2SO4 - diprotic H3PO4 - triprotic
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Experiments have shown that pure water, at 25°, breaks apart (ionizes) :
H20 + H20 H30+ + OH
-
To measure the concentration of these ions produced we use pH
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NEUTRAL pH
[ H+ ]=10-7 M=[OH- ]
pH = 7
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Acidic Basic
More basicMore acidic
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pH: scale used to indicate the [H+] of a water solution
pH - from the Danish: “power of Hydrogen”
pH = - log [H+]
or pH = - log [H3O+]
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The log function converts the exponents with a base of 10 to a whole number.
The negative sign at the front of the equation cancels out with the negative sign in the exponent.
[H+]: 100 10-1 10-2 10-3 10-4 10-5 10-6 10-7 10-8 10-9 10-10 10-11 10-12 10-1310-14
pH : 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
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[H+] Concentration
pHAcid, Base, or
Neutral?
10-2 2 Acid
10-8
10-5
10-7
13
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Acids/ bases
Oven cleanerHair remover
Detergent
Coffee
Soda
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2aq + aq aq lHCl( ) NaOH( ) NaCl( ) H O( )
neutralization: when an acidic solution (with hydrogen ions) and a basic solution (with hydroxide ions) react to form water
salt: an ionic compound formed from the cation of a base and an anion of an acid.
forms water
forms salt
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A solution that resists changes in pH◦ What are some solutions that need to maintain a
certain pH level?
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g + l aq3 2 2 4SO ( ) H O( ) H SO ( )
NO, NO2, CO2, SO2, and SO3 are gases from industrial processes that dissolve in atmospheric water to produce acidic solutions.◦ Example:
Very acidic rain is known as acid rain.
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