1 4.04 Understand the Disorders of the ENDOCRINE SYSTEM 4.04 Understand the functions and disorders...

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4.04 Understand the Disorders of the

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

4.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the endocrine system

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4.04 Understand the Disorders of the ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

What are some disorders of the endocrine system?

How do you relate the body’s hormones to the endocrine system?


HORMONES=CHEMICALS


Disorders of the ENDOCRINE SYSTEM



**Adrenal CortexAdrenal Cortex

*Addison's disease*Addison's disease

What is the cause of Addison’s disease?

Hypofunction of adrenal cortex

*SYMPTOMS: Excessive pigmentation “bronzing” of the skin, decreased blood glucose, low blood pressure, muscle weakness, fatigue, diarrhea, weight loss, vomiting

TREATMENT: Replace deficient hormones

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Adrenal Cortex

Cushing's Syndrome-hypersecretion of Cushing's Syndrome-hypersecretion of glucocorticoid hormones from the adrenal glucocorticoid hormones from the adrenal cortexcortex

What is a syndrome?

A group of symptoms characteristic of a disease

What are some common symptoms of Cushings’? High blood pressure, muscle weakness, obesity, poor healing of skin lesions, bruise easily, excessive hair growth, menstrual disorders, hyperglycemia, “moon” face, “buffalo hump”

How is Cushing’s syndrome treated? Surgical removal of the adrenal cortical tumor

Compare the before and after pictures at the right.

Before

After

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Disorders of the ENDOCRINE SYSTEMAdrenal Glands

**Steroid Abuse in Sports-used to build Steroid Abuse in Sports-used to build bigger, stronger musclesbigger, stronger muscles

What are the *RISKS?

*Males-liver changes, decrease spleen production, atrophy of testicles, breast enlargement, risk of cardiovascular diseaseheadaches, dizziness, hypertension, mood swings, aggressiveness

Females-amenorrhea (loss of menstrual cycle), abnormal placement of body hair, baldness, voice changes, headaches, dizziness, hypertension, mood swings, aggressiveness

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*Pancreas

**Diabetes Mellitus-decreased Diabetes Mellitus-decreased secretion of insulin from the islets secretion of insulin from the islets of Langerhans or caused by of Langerhans or caused by ineffective use of insulinineffective use of insulin

The most common screening tool for The most common screening tool for diabetes is a urinalysisdiabetes is a urinalysis

What is the normal blood sugar range? 70-100

*SYMPTOMS: HYPERGYLCEMIA (high blood sugar), polyuria (increase urination), polydypsia (excessive thirst), polyphagia (excessive hunger), weight loss, blurred vision, possible diabetic coma

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Pancreas

Diabetes Mellitus (Type I)-aka Diabetes Mellitus (Type I)-aka juvenile diabetes; thought to be juvenile diabetes; thought to be caused by autoimmune reaction caused by autoimmune reaction and the islets of Langerhans are and the islets of Langerhans are destroyed destroyed

*TREATMENT:

Must take insulin daily and monitor blood sugar

What age group is most commonly effected?

Children or young adults

***The pancreassecretes the mostinsulin after meals

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Pancreas

Diabetes Type II-insulin is secreted in Diabetes Type II-insulin is secreted in small amounts; 90-95% of diabetics have small amounts; 90-95% of diabetics have this type. this type.

Compare Type I to Type II diabetes-Type II is more common in adults over 45, overweight, family history, certain ethnic or cultural groups

*TREATMENT: Insulin (oral or injections), diet

Discuss some of the complications of diabetes? Atherosclerosis, hypertension, blindness, cataracts, glaucoma, dental disease, kidney damage, amputations, nerve damage



*Pituitary Gland

**Acromegaly-hypersecretion of the Acromegaly-hypersecretion of the growth hormone (GH) during growth hormone (GH) during adulthood causing adulthood causing overdevelopment of the bones of overdevelopment of the bones of the face, hands and feet; the chin the face, hands and feet; the chin protrudes and the lips, nose and protrudes and the lips, nose and extremities enlarge; usually due to extremities enlarge; usually due to a tumor.a tumor.

How is acromegaly treated?

Drug therapy to inhibit the GH (growth hormone) and radiation.



Pituitary Gland

**Growth Hormone Deficiency Growth Hormone Deficiency (childhood)-dwarfism

What are some common symptoms?

*Physique remains juvenile and sexually immature; body is proportionate and intelligence is normal

How is it treated? early diagnosis to begin GH (growth hormone) injections for 5 years or more

Why is important to treat it early?



Pituitary Gland

Gigantism-hyperfunctioning of Gigantism-hyperfunctioning of the pituitary gland during the pituitary gland during preadolescence (often due to a preadolescence (often due to a tumor)tumor)

What are the symptoms? Overgrowth of the long bones leading to tallness

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*Parathyroid

**TetanyTetany: caused by hypofunction of the parathyroid or removal of the parathyroid; diminished calcium levels affect the nerve function

•What are the *SYMPTOMS? Convulsive twitching and the person dies of spasms in the respiratory muscles

•What are the treatments? Administer Vitamin D, calcium and parathormone to restore calcium balance.


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*Thyroid Gland

**Hyperthyroidism-overactivity of the Hyperthyroidism-overactivity of the thyroid gland; thyroid gland; **too much too much THYROXINE is secreted and the THYROXINE is secreted and the thyroid gland enlargesthyroid gland enlarges

*SYMPTOMS: Nervous irritability, feel hot, large appetite with weight loss, fast growing but rough fingernails, weak muscles, increased blood pressure, tremors, perspiration, exophthalmos (bulging eyeballs), dilated pupils, enlarged thyroid (goiter)

TREATMENT: Total or partial removal of the thyroid, medications, radioactive iodine

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Disorders of the ENDOCRINE SYSTEM*Thyroid Gland

**Hypothyroidism-thyroid gland Hypothyroidism-thyroid gland doesn’t secrete enough doesn’t secrete enough thyroxine; may be due to thyroxine; may be due to iodine deficiency or iodine deficiency or inflammation of the thyroid inflammation of the thyroid glandgland

SYMPTOMS: Simple goiter (due to lack of iodine), dry and itchy skin, brittle hair, constipation, muscle cramps at night, myxedema (swollen face, weight gain, memory failure), cretinism (lack of mental and physical growth-retardation)

*TREATMENT: Use of iodized salt, thyroid meds

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4.04 Understand the Functions and Disorders of the

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

What are some disorders of the endocrine system?

How do you relate the body’s hormones to the endocrine system?


1 4.04 Understand the Disorders of the ENDOCRINE SYSTEM 4.04 Understand the functions and disorders...

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