1-363 Simulation of City Bus

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Proceedings of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, Vol. 5, pp. 363 - 373, !!5

"!7

SIMULATION OF CITY BUS CIRCULATION PATTERN

IN BUS STATION (CASE STUDY: LEUWIPANJANG BUS STATION,

BANDUNG, INDONESIA)

OKA PURWANTI, ST., MT.#ecturer,

$epart%ent of &i'il Engineering(nstitut Te)nologi *asional +andungl. P. ustafa *o. 3 +andungTel./0acs.1 26--77 "5e-%ail1 o)aitenas.ac.id

Abstr!t: Ter%inal represents location to co%%utation of %ode4 here ith eistence of

co%%utation of %ode, hence ill generate the eistence of a surcharge as so-called cost

transit. arely the transit epense hich %ust 8e paid as %ore than tra'eling epense as ahole. To o'erco%e the %entioned, hence a good ter%inal has to 8e arranged in such a

%anner to %ini%i9e of transit cost in ter%inal and also in around of ter%inal.

&onsidered on i%portant of function of ter%inal in tra'eling epense, re:uire to studied one

of the especial co%ponent hich deter%ine perfor%ance ter%inal that is process of

circulation of pu8lic transport in ter%inal. (n this case ta)en is percei'ing process of

circulation pu8lic transport departure. And further as conducted 8y si%ulation of ter%inal

settle%ent as according to ter%inal condition and characteristic. Pu8lic transport percei'ed for

case study is city 8us in #euipan;ang 8us station hich located in +andung city, !."3 8uses/%inute ?or 5 %inutes/8us@. ".3 %inutes. +us ti%e ser'ice

pattern follo nor%al distri8ution ith %ean of ti%e ser'ice > 3.56 %inutes.


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To o'erco%e the %entioned, hence a good ter%inal has to 8e arranged in such a %anner to

%ini%i9e of transit cost in ter%inal and also in around of ter%inal.

Especial function of ter%inal is to pro'ide facility go out and enter fro% o8;ect to 8e

transported, goods or passenger, to and fro% syste%. Ter%inal also fre:uently represent place

here 'ehicle repaired. (n land transportation case, here ter%inal possi8le reside in crodedlocation at the high price of land, facility to %aintenance usually located in outside ur8an area

here cheap price of land relati'e 8ut enough close to ter%inal.

&onsidered on i%portant of function of ter%inal in tra'eling epense, re:uire to studied one

of the especial co%ponent hich deter%ine perfor%ance ter%inal that is process of

circulation %o'e%ent of pu8lic transport in ter%inal. (n this case ta)en is percei'ing process

of circulation pu8lic transport departure. And further as conducted 8y si%ulation settle%ent

of 8etter ter%inal as according to ter%inal condition and characteristic.

Pu8lic transport percei'ed for ea%ple case is city 8us, hile ter%inal ta)en as case ea%ple

is #euipan;ang 8us station hich located in +andung city,


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-"-"s M$%" M$%" D"s!r/0t/$1n

P(n)= 1 = (n )(1 )

P(n)= possi8ility of n 'ehicle in thesyste%

n =

=

1

n = a%ount of 'ehicle %ean in the syste%

var(n)=

=

( )2 (1)

var(n)= a%ount of 'ehicle in the syste%

2 2

q =

=

( ) (1 )

q = %ean of :ueue length

d =1

d =%ean of using ti%e in the syste%

w =

= d 1

( ) w =%ean of aiting ti%e in the syste%

p(w t)= 1 e1 t

p(w t)=possi8ility to use aiting ti%e tor less in the :ueue

"!


ueue discipline di'ided three, that is1

- 0(0F ?first in first out@

- 0(#F ?first in last out@

- 0V0S ?first vacant first serve@

Tb" &. elation of ueue at Single #ane Ser'ice ith Possion=s Arri'al and Eponential

Ser'ice Ti%e

Source:Morlok, 1978

Tb" '. elation of ueue at Single #ane Ser'ice ith Poisson=s Arri'al and &onstant

Ser'ice Ti%e-"-"s M$%" M$%" D"s!r/0t/$1

2q =

2

2(1 )q = %ean of :ueue length

d =2

2(1)d = %ean of using ti%e in the syste%

w =

2(1)w =%ean of aiting ti%e in the syste%

Source:Morlok, 1978

here1 =%ean of arri'al le'el=%ean of ser'ice le'el

= traffic intensity > /

0or transportation cases, 0(0F or 0V0S type usually used as :ueue discipline. Tb" & a8o'e

shon relationship 8eteen Poisson=s arri'al distri8ution ith negati'e eponential ser'ice

ti%e distri8ution using unit of ser'ice lane.


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Arri'al $eparturet siste%

?%in@

t :ueue

?%in@

ueue #ength

?'eh@

t ser'ice

?%in@Ti%eHeadway

?%in@Ti%e

Headway

?%in@

" !7."5 !C.!7 5 5 C

!7.B 3B !C."" B "C C B

3 !7.5 3 !C."B 3 " 7 3

B !7.53 " !C."C B 5 " 7 B

5 !7.5B " !C. B C B 7 B

6 !7.56 !C.6 B 3! 6 C B

7 !7.5C !C. 3 3" C 7 3

C !C.!! !C.3B 5 3B 7 5

!C.!B B !C.3C B 3B 3! 6 B

"! !C."! 6 !C.B" 3 3" C 6 3

"" !C."6 6 !C.BB 3 C 5 5 3" !C. 6 !C.56 " 3B C "

"3 !C.B !.!" 5 37 3 7 5

"B !C.6 !.!6 5 B! 35 C 5

"5 !C.3! B !.! 3 3 36 C 3

"6 !C.B! "! !."3 B 33 C B

"7 !C.B5 5 !."7 B 3 C C B

"C !C.B6 " !.! 3 3B 3" 7 3

" !C.5! B !. 3 3! 7

! !C.53 3 !.5 3 3 6 3

" !.! !.7 5 3 5

!.!5 3 !.3! 3 5 6 3

3 !.!7 !.3B B 7 3 5 B

B !." 5 !.3C B 6 5 B

5 !."B !.B! 6 B B

6 !." 7 !.BB B 3 " B B

fulfilled re:uired data %ini%u% 8oundary. (f data ha'e not sufficient, hence re:uire to 8e

done additional sur'ey to o8tain enough data.


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Arri'al $eparturet siste%?%in@

t :ueue?%in@

ueue #ength?'eh@

t ser'ice?%in@Ti%e

Headway

?%in@Ti%e

Headway

?%in@

7 !.C 7 !.B 5 " "6 B 5

C !.3! !.5B 5 B " 5 5 !.35 5 !.57 3 " B 3

3! !.BB "!.! 5 "C "3 B 5

3" !.B7 3 "!.!7 5 ! "5 5 5

3 !.5" B "!." 5 " "6 5 5

33 !.5B 3 "!."7 5 3 "C 5 5

3B !.5C B "!." B 3 " B B

35 "!.!3 5 "!.B 3 " "C B 3

36 "!.!7 B "!. 5 "7 3 5

37 "!." 5 "!.33 B " "7 B

3C "!."6 B "!.36 3 ! "7 " 3

3 "!.3 7 "!.B! B "7 "3 " B

B! "!.3C "5 "!.BB B 6 " B

B" "!.BB 6 "!.5! 6 6 ! 6

B "!.B5 " "!.5B B 5 " BB3 "!.BC 3 "!.5 5 "" 6 B 5

BB "!.55 7 "".!5 6 "! B 3 6

B5 "!.56 " "".! B "3 B

B6 "!.5C ""."B 5 "6 "" 5

B7 "!.5 " ""."7 3 "C "5 " 3

BC ""."! "" "". 5 " 7 " 5

B "".! "! "".5 3 5 " 3

5! "".B B "".3" 6 7 " 6

5" "".7 3 "".3B 3 7 B 3

5 "".C " "".3 5 "" 6 5

53 "".33 5 "".B3 B "! 6 " B

5B "".3C 5 "".B7 B 5 " B

55 "".B7 "".5 5 5 ! 5

56 "".5! 3 "".57 5 7 " 5

57 "".5 ".! 5 "! 5 " 5

5C "".5C 6 ".!C 6 "! B " 6

5 ".!6 C "."" 3 5 " 3

6! ".! 3 "."6 5 7 ! 5

6" "."C 7 ". 6 6 ! " 6

6 ".! ".6 B 6 " B

63 ".5 5 ". 3 B " " 3

6B ". B ".3B 5 5 ! " 5

65 ".3B 5 ".3C B B ! " B

66 ".35 " ".B" 3 6 3 " 3

67 ".B" 6 ".B7 6 6 ! " 6

6C ".B5 B ".5 5 7 ! 5

6 "3.!! 5 "3.!" "" ! ""7! "3.!! ! "3.!7 6 7 " " 6

7" "3.!" " "3."3 6 " 6 " 6

7 "3."3 " "3."5 ! !

73 "3." 6 "3.B 5 5 ! ! 5

7B "3.6 7 "3.C C ! !

75 "3.3! B "3.3B 6 B ! " B

76 "3.33 3 "3.36 3 " "

77 "3.35 "3.B" 5 6 " ! 5

7C "3.B3 C "3.B6 5 3 ! " 3

7 "3.B6 3 "3.5! B B ! ! B

C! "3.5" 5 "3.5B B 3 ! ! 3

C" "3.57 6 "3.5C B " ! " "

C "3.57 ! "B.!3 5 6 " ! 5

C3 "B.!C "" "B."! 7 3 ! ! 3CB "B.! " "B. " ! !

Tb" *. $ata of Arri'al, $eparture and ueue Ti%e of +us in

#euipan;ang +us Station ?continuation@


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Tb" *. $ata of Arri'al, $eparture and ueue Ti%e of +us in

#euipan;ang +us Station ?continuation@

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Arri'al $eparturet siste%?%in@

t :ueue?%in@

ueue #ength?'eh@

t ser'ice?%in@Ti%e

Headway

?%in@Ti%e

Headway

?%in@

C5 "B.B B "B.6 B ! !

C6 "B.C B "B.3! B ! ! C7 "B.3 B "B.3B B ! !

CC "B.3B "B.3C B B ! ! B

C "B.B C "B.B5 7 3 ! ! 3

! "B.B7 5 "B.5! 5 3 ! ! 3

" "B.5 5 "B.55 5 3 ! ! 3

N$t": t > ti%e

4. ANALYSIS

4.&. Dt A1#s/s

A. Dt S-55/!/"1!# $ata sufficiency test of 8us arri'al

F8tained data a8out 8us arri'al as as follos1

H > !."3 8us/%in

I > !.3 8us/%in

$ata sufficiency test of 8us arri'al using =!."34 = !.34 and le'el of significant >

"J4 also per%itted error > !."4 gi'e result as follos1

(.576)!.3n =

!."

= 36 data

So that data hich ha'e 8een collected ?" data@, ha'e fulfilled sufficiency of %ini%u%

data ?36 data@.

$ata Sufficiency Test of Ser'ice

Ti%e

F8tained data a8out 8us arri'al as as follos1

H > 3.56 %in/8us

I > ".63 %in/8us

$ata sufficiency test of ser'ice ti%e using =3.56 %in/8us4

= ".63 %in/8us4 and le'el

of significant > "J4 also per%itted error > !.54 gi'e result as follos1

(.576)".63n =

!.5

= 7" data


data ?7" data@.

$ata Sufficiency Test of Ti%e at ueue

H > ".3 %in/8us

I > "".! %in/8us$ata sufficiency test of ti%e at :ueue using =".34 = "".!4 and le'el of significant >

"J4 also per%itted error > B4 gi'e result as follos1

(.576)"".A!n = = 5 data

B


data ?5 data@.


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Arri'al Ti%e at ueueSer'edTi%e

?%in to-@

Ser'iceTi%e?%in@

$epartureTi%e

?%in to-@* #n *

Headway

?%in@

Arri'al

Ti%e?%in to-@

* #n *ueue

Ti%e?%in@

" ! 6 B."3 6 6 C

6! B.! 3 3 5B 3. C "" B "5

3 33 3.5! 6 5B 3. C "6 "C

B "! .3! " " C 3.33 "6 36 6 B

5 B7 3.C5 B 5 5 3.5 C B B B6

6 56 B.!3 3 C 5B 3. C B6 5 5"

7 C 3.33 6 3B 5B 3. C 5" 6 57

C "5 .7" B3 "C .C 6B 5 6

B.5 ! B3 ! 3.!! " 6 7"

"! 35 3.56 5 BC 3 3.B7 "5 7" 6 77

"" 66 B." 5! 3.37 "6 77 3 C!

" C6 B.B5 " 5" 57 B.!B 7 C! B CB

"3 3 B.53 ! 5" B 3.7B "" CB B CC"B B7 3.C5 B 55 36 3.5C "3 CC !

B. F/tt/16 D/str/b-t/$1

0itting distri8ution of 8usarri'al

!."3 8us/%in4 and le'el of significant > "J4 as o8tained that 8us arri'alheaday follo Poisson distri8ution pattern.

0itting distri8ution of ser'iceti%e

3.56 %in/8us4 I > ".63 %in/8us4 and le'el of significant > "J, as o8tained

that 8us ser'ice ti%e follo nor%al distri8ution.

0itting distri8ution of ti%e at

:ueue

".3 %in/8us4 and le'el of significant > "J, as o8tained that aiting ti%e at

:ueue follo negati'e eponential distri8ution.

4.'. S/7-t/$1 Pr$!"ss

A. E8/st/16 D"0rt-r" Pr$!"ss

After fitting distri8ution step, the net step as de'eloping %odel 8ase on each distri8ution

type. Ksing rando% nu%8er ?*@ can 8e si%ulated 8us arri'al, ser'ice ti%e, ti%e at :ueue for

eisting condition here ;ust only single lane a'aila8le.

!."3 8us/%in4 and follo Poisson distri8ution as o8tained

N ="!!e!."3t 4 so can o8tained t = 3.!3 5ln N ?8us departure headay@. Also can 8e

counted esti%ation of arri'al ti%e each 8us.

0or ti%e at :ueue follo negati'e eponential distri8ution ith %ean of ti%e at :ueue > ".3

%inutes, hence 8y using rando% nu%8er *, ti%e at :ueue ?t@ can 8e counted using

N ="!!et/".3 .


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?%in to-@

Ser'iceTi%e

?%in@

$epartureTi%e

?%in to-@* #n *

Headway?%in@

Arri'alTi%e

?%in to-@* #n *

ueueTi%e

?%enit@

" ! "B .6B "6 "6 "C

6! B.! 3 3 B 3."C " "C B

3 33 3.5! 6 6C B. 3 B

B "! .3! " " BC 3.C7 6 6 6 3

5 B7 3.C5 B 5 3 3.66 C 3 B 36

6 56 B.!3 3 C 6 B."3 B 36 5 B"

7 C 3.33 6 3B 65 B."7 3 B" 6 B7

C "5 .7" B3 B 3.C 6 BC 5 53

B.5 ! B3 66 B." 3 53 55

"! 35 3.56 5 BC B3 3.76 7 55 6 6"

"" 66 B." 5! 65 B."7 3 6" 3 6B

" C6 B.B5 " 5" 6 B.3 3 6B B 6C

"3 3 B.53 ! 5" 3! 3.B! "! 6C B 7

"B B7 3.C5 B 55 3B 3.53 7 7B

"5 6C B. 57 B7 3.C5 6 7B 5 7

"6 76 B.33 " 5C 3 3.66 C 7 C"

"7 "! .3! " 7! 5C B.!6 B C" C3

"C "! .3! " C "7 .C3 "B 5 3 C

" "3 .56 "! BB 3.7C 6 C 6 "!B

! C! B.3C " 3 5C B.!6 B "! "!B

Tb" +. Si%ulation of Eisting $eparture Process ?continuation@

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?%in to-@

Ser'iceTi%e?%in@

$epartureTi%e

?%in to-@* #n *

Headway?%in@

Arri'alTi%e

?%in to-@* #n *

ueueTi%e

?%in@

"5 6C B. 57 6! B.! 6 ! 5 5

"6 76 B.33 " 5C B" 3.7" "" 5 7

"7 "! .3! " 7! 3.37 "6 7

"C "! .3! " C B 3."C "C 3 "!

" "3 .56 "! 3 3.B7 "5 "!6 6 ""

! C! B.3C " 3 5 3.5 C "" ""B

N$t": this si%ulation only eercise for ! 8uses

0ro% si%ulation=s result can 8e o8tained %ean of 8us departure ti%e > B.3 %inutes, and

le'el of significant > "J, also can 8e o8tained that 8us departure follos negati'e eponential

distri8ution pattern.

B. S!"1r/$ $5 D"0rt-r" Pr$!"ss

So%e scenario perfor%ed to e'aluate 8us departure process, for ea%ple1 Scenario

"

Scenario " conducted 8y adding lane so that ti%e at :ueue 8eco%e to decrease. Addition

of such lane as addition of lane for 8us departure, so that can departed to 8uses in one

%o%ent, so can decrease ti%e at :ueue. The conducted change 8y applying scenario " as

as follo1

ean of 8us arri'al le'el > !."3 8us/%in

ean of ti%e at :ueue decrease 8eco%e C %inutes

ean of ser'ice ti%e 3.56 %in/8us4 ith de'iation standard > ".63.

So can 8e seen departure ti%e and departure distri8ution for scenario " as represented in

Tb" 2 as follo.

Tb" 2. Si%ulation of $eparture Process - Scenario "


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?%in to-@

Ser'iceTi%e?%in@

$epartureTi%e

?%in to-@* #n *

Headway?%in@

Arri'al

Ti%e?%in to-@

* #n *

ueue

Ti%e?%in@

" ! "B .6B "6 "6 "C

B 3.7B 3 3 B 3."C " "C B

3 37 3.6" 3 6 6C B. 3 B

B 6! B.! C BC 3.C7 6 B 6 3!

5 3 3.B7 B " 3 3.66 C 3! B 3B6 B 3.C "B 6 B."3 B 3B 5 3

7 53 3.7 "6 65 B."7 3 3 6 B5

Scenario

Scenario conducted 8y increasing a%ount of 8us to ser'e re:uire%ent of de%and so that

can increased 8us departure fre:uency. (%ple%entation of scenario %ade as follo1

ean of departure le'el increase 8eco%e !.3 8us/%in

ean of Ti%e at :ueue > ".3 %inutes

ean of ser'ice ti%e > 3.56 %in/8us4 ith de'iation standard > ".63.

So can 8e seen departure ti%e and departure distri8ution for scenario as represented in

Tb" 38elo.

Tb" 3. Si%ulation of $eparture Process - Scenario

*o.

Arri'al Ti%e at ueueSer'ed

Ti%e

?%in to-@

Ser'ice

Ti%e

?%in@

$eparture

Ti%e?%in to-@

* #n *Headway

?%in@

Arri'al

Ti%e?%in to-@

* #n *

ueue

Ti%e?%in@

" ! 6 B."3 6 6 C

B 3.7B 3 3 5B 3. C "" B "5

3 37 3.6" 3 6 5B 3. C "5 "7B 6! B.! C C 3.33 "6 B 6 3!

5 3 3.B7 B " 5 3.5 C 3! B 3B

6 B 3.C "B 5B 3. C 3B 5 3

7 53 3.7 "6 5B 3. C 3 6 B5

C 57 B.!B "C "C .C B5 5 5!

BC 3.C7 ! ! 3.!! " 5! 5

"! B 3.C 3 3.B7 "5 5 6 5C

"" 37 3.6" 3 5 3.37 "6 5C 3 6"

" 5 B.!C 7 57 B.!B 7 6" B 65

"3 7 ".5 36 B 3.7B "" 65 B 6

"B 5 3.5 3C 36 3.5C "3 6 7"

"5 B5 3.C" 3 B" 6! B.! 6 7" 5 76

"6 7 ".5 5! B" 3.7" "" 76 7C

"7 ! 3.!! 5 55 3.37 "6 7C C!"C "" .B! 7 6 B 3."C "C C 3 C5

" 5 ".6" "! 7 3 3.B7 "5 C 6 5

! B7 3.C5 7B 5 3.5 C 5 7

Scenario 3Scenario 3 conducted 8y applying co%8ination of scenario " and scenario .

(%ple%entation of scenario 3 %ade as follo1

ean of 8us departure le'el increase 8eco%e !.3 8us/%in

ean of ti%e at :ueue decrease 8eco%e C %inutes

ean of ser'ice ti%e > 3.56 %in/8us4 ith de'iation standard > ".63.

So can 8e seen departure ti%e and departure distri8ution for scenario 3 as represented in

Tb" 48elo.

Tb" 4. Si%ulation of $eparture Process - Scenario 3


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( )

Tb" 4. Si%ulation of $eparture Process - Scenario 3 ?continuation@

*o.

Arri'al Ti%e at ueueSer'ed

Ti%e

?%in to-@

Ser'ice

Ti%e

?%in@

$epartureTi%e

?%in to-@* #n *

Headway

?%in@

Arri'al

Ti%e?%in to-@

* #n *

ueue

Ti%e?%in@

C 57 B.!B "C B 3.C 6 B5 5 5!

BC 3.C7 ! 66 B." 3 5! 5"! B 3.C B3 3.76 7 5 6 5C

"" 37 3.6" 3 5 65 B."7 3 5C 3 6"

" 5 B.!C 7 6 B.3 3 6" B 65

"3 7 ".5 36 3! 3.B! "! 65 B 6

"B 5 3.5 3C 3B 3.53 6 7"

"5 B5 3.C" 3 B" B7 3.C5 6 7" 5 76

"6 7 ".5 5! 3 3.66 C 76 7C

"7 ! 3.!! 5 55 5C B.!6 B 7C C!

"C "" .B! 7 6 "7 .C3 "B C! 3 C3

" 5 ".6" "! 7 BB 3.7C 6 C3 6 C

! B7 3.C5 7B 5C B.!6 B C "

C. C!-t/$1 $5 -"-" 1% E55/!/"1!# C0!/t/"s $5 B-s -"-" Ar"

&alculation of :ueue conducted at eisting condition here the data ere 8us departure le'el

( )> !."3 8us/%in4 and ser'ice ti%e > 3.56 %in/8us. +y using the data can 8e conducted thefolloing calculation1

ean of ser'ice le'el=

"

3.A56

= !.53bus / %in

Ksage

factor =

=!."3

= !.CB!.53

!.CB

ean of a%ount of 'ehicle in the syste% n =(" !.CB)

= 5.5 ( 6 buses )

!.CB

ean of :ueue length q =(" !.CB)

= B.B" 5 buses

ean of ti%e in the syste%

d ="

= !.!B%in!.53 !."3

There can 8e concluded that fro% 8us :ueue area capacities side is %ini%u% e:ual to 5 8uses,

in this case a'aila8ility 8us :ueue area capacities in #euipan;ang 8us station is "! 8uses, so

that still effecti'e enough.

9. CONCLUSION

0ro% result of analysis o8tained that especial para%eter hich influence 8us departure

process are 8us arri'al ti%e, aiting ti%e in :ueue and ser'ice ti%e. 0ro% this study o8tained

that 8us arri'al pattern follo Poisson=s distri8ution pattern ith > !."3 8uses/%inute ?or

5

%inutes/8us@. ".3 %inutes. +us ti%e ser'ice pattern follo nor%al distri8ution pattern

ith %ean of ser'ice ti%e > 3.56 %inutes.


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to 5 8uses, in this case a'aila8ility 8us :ueue area capacities in #euipan;ang 8us station is


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"! 8uses, so that still effecti'e enough.

REFERENCES

#a and Lelton ?""@ S/7-t/$1 M$%"/16 1% A1#s/s. Second Edition, Prentice-all,(nc.

ans)i, &. ?"77@ The Structure of ando% Ktility odels, T"$r# 1% D"!/s/$1 91 -5B.

orlo), E.L. ?"7C@ I1tr$%-!t/$1 t$ Tr1s0$rtt/$1 E16/1""r/16 1% P11/16. c

Mra-ill, *e Nor).

1-363 Simulation of City Bus

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