1-3: WORLDS COLLIDE, 1491-1607 · 1-3: WORLDS COLLIDE, 1491-1607. Early Explorations Columbian...
Transcript of 1-3: WORLDS COLLIDE, 1491-1607 · 1-3: WORLDS COLLIDE, 1491-1607. Early Explorations Columbian...
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1-3: WORLDS COLLIDE,
1491-1607
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Early Explorations
Columbian Exchange
Exchange between old and new worlds
Demographic, economic, and social changes
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Early Explorations
Columbian Exchange
Negative Effects
• Smallpox
• Forced relocation
• Enslavement
• Exploitation
• Resources plundered
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Early Explorations
Columbian Exchange
Positive Effects
• Trade—horses, cows, guns, cotton
• Increased longevity
• Technological improvements
• Better education
• Model of a more stable government
• Christianity (morals, no more human sacrifice, etc.)
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Early Explorations
Dividing the Americas
Treaty of Tordesillas(1494)
Competition
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Early Explorations
Spanish Conquest
Search for gold
Haciendas
Encomienda System
• Limited long-term use due to spread of disease
Intermarriage and Caste System
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Early Explorations
English Claims
Individuals or families seeking social mobility
Focus on agriculture
Removal of Indians, not subjugation
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Early Explorations
French and Dutch Claims
Search for Northwest Passage
Trading outposts and alliances with Native Americans
• Used alliances to thwart England’s colonies
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Treatment of American Indians
English Policy
Removal, not subjugation
Little intermarriage
• Arrived as families
French Policy
Posed less threat
Economic and military allies
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Treatment of American Indians
Spanish Policy
Valladolid Debate
• Sepulveda
– Indians less than human so encomienda system was beneficial
• Las Casas
– Indians human and morally equivalent to Europeans
– Enslavement not justified
Pueblo Revolt