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ContentsPre-reading questionsBackground informationStructure analysis Comprehension questions Language points of Text IGrammatical itemsExercisesComprehension questions of Text IIOral activitiesWriting practice

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Text 1Text 1 Whatever Happened to manners?Whatever Happened to manners?

Pre-reading questions

1. What are good manners? Give examples.

2. What impolite example does the author give to

show that many people in New York are not

friendly or polite with one another?

3. According to the author how do good manners

build up your image?

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About the author

Linda is best known to daytime viewers for the role of Another World's Felicia Gallant, for which she won the Outstanding Lead Actress Emmy Award in 1993. Linda has hosted her own talk show. She is also a designer, author and columnist.

She hosted the talk show Attitudes for six years. Her fashion accessories have been sold on the shopping channel QVC.

Linda appeared as Rae on all four ABC soap operas.

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Linda Dano

Gender: FemaleBirthplace: Los Angeles, CaliforniaBirthday: 5-12-1943Birth Name: Linda Rae Wildermuth

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Linda has run the company Strictly Personal, a New York-based fashion consulting service, for over 10 years.

Linda started her acting career at 20th Century Fox Studios and has appeared in many films. She has also guest starred on many television series including The Rockford Files, Police Woman and Starsky and Hutch.

In her spare time Linda collects seventeenth and eighteenth-century furnishings.

Table MannersChina vs. America

By Megan Tepper

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Eating Habits in China Sample every dish on table When eating rice hold bowl close to mouth Eat lightly at meals, could be up to 20

courses

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Eating Habits in AmericaFood is passed to the rightTry little of everythingKeep table cloth cleanFood lifted to mouthRepulsive to talk with mouth fullNo elbows on table

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China’s Chopsticks Chopsticks for eating

ricePolite if try to use

chopsticksBad luck in set parallel

on top of bowl, or dropped

Rude if chopsticks are stuck straight up in bowl

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Americans Utensils

Start with the outer utensils, and work in towards your plate

Only spoon provided is soup spoon

Salad fork has thicker tine at left

Fish fork and knife Most inner fork and

knife are for meat If tea or coffee are

going to be served a teaspoon will be brought out with it

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Chinese Hot Towel

Hot towel is provided at the end of mealSo one can wipe hands and mouth at the

end of meal

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American Napkin

Once seated put napkin on lap

Only meant to dab the lips and not get dirty

After meal place napkin loosely near plate

Napkin should not be crumpled or twisted

At informal occasion it is used to clean up mess that occurred during meal

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Chinese Table MannersRude to reach in front

of someone to grab something

Polite to reach for food with chopsticks

Chinese hosts like to put food on your plate for you

Place bones or seeds in different dish

Your host will fill up your dish if it is empty

Never take the last bit from a serving dish

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American Table Manners Food is passed around

the table If something is out of

your reach, you ask politely for someone to pass it to you

rude to leave plate full Not rude to leave your

plate empty Not rude to take last

item off dish

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Business Table Manners in China

Banquets start around

6:30-7:00 p.m.

Last about 2 hours

Arrive 30 minuets

before you guests

Business is not always discussed during a meal

Never eat before your host do

Return the favour

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Business Table Manners in America

Arrive early, especially if you are the host

Pay for the meal in advance

Courteous to hold the door open for male and female

Business is discussed during the meal

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Special Occasions in ChinaBig elaborate mealsUsually held at restaurants that consist of 10

or more coursesRice might not be served

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Special Occasions in America

Usually only gather for special occasions or holidays

Families travel across country for special meals

Extra cooking and preparing

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Values in ChinaStill have customs and traditionsHave not let things become unimportantSignificance into their mealsPersonal approach

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Values in AmericaManners surround being polite and properTraditions have become unimportant thus

have forgotten about themNo customs in table manners, only what

looks niceNo significance

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Structure analysis of the text (1)

1. The essay is organized chiefly by means of the following methods:

a.    the main idea is used as the main framework of the text

b.   the deductive method is employed in most of the paragraphs

c.    the writer’s personal experiences and some typical examples are made good use of as convincing evidence;

d.   some key phrases, each of which stands in a single line, are used as subtitle

e.   the writer’s own viewpoints are well presented

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Structure analysis of the text (2)

This essay is a well-organized piece of argumentation. The main idea that the author argues for is that good manners help you build up your own image and work wonders for the person on the receiving end.

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Structure analysis of the text (3)

Para 1

In paragraph 1, the writer states and proves that many people in present times are not as polite as people in the past. She convincingly illustrates this social phenomenon with specific impolite manners she sees in New York.

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Structure analysis of the text (4)

Para 2-4In these three paragraphs, the writer puts

forward and bears out the following viewpoint: You cannot be truly stylish without good manners, good manners are a sort of hidden beauty secret and adds pricelessly to your image.

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Structure analysis of the text (5)

Para 5-10The writer states and expounds the great

power of some typical good manners she proposes upon those on the receiving end. Also, the writer reasonably explains and vividly illustrates the good effects polite manners have on our own family members.

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Structure analysis of the text (6)

Para 11The writer advances his opinion that good

manners are infectious and expresses his sincere wish that everyone would be polite and show good manners.

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Comprehension questions (1)

What example does the author cite in the first paragraph to support his idea that people are not behaving as politely as they used to ?

Referring to paragraph 1: People rushing into elevators without giving those inside a

chance to get off first, never saying “Thank you.” when others hold a door open for them, or “Please” when they want a coworker to hand them something, never giving a wave or nod of appreciation when another motorist lets them pull out into traffic.

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Comprehension questions (2)

What could a gracious manner probably bring about according to the author?

Refer to Paragraph 4. It could not only sets an excellent example for your children and grandchildren but it adds priceless panache to your image.

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Comprehension questions (3)

What made the author feel all the more appreciate of a thank-you note from a guest who attended the party?

Refer to Paragraph 5. That the guest had also

included a recipe for a dish the author had complimented her on at an earlier gathering made the author feel all the more appreciative.

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Comprehension questions (4)

What phrase does the author think is just a powerful as a thank-you note ?

Refer to paragraph 7. It is simple phrase “Excuse me.”

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Comprehension questions (5)

Why is it so important to use good manners with our own families?

Refer to paragraph 12. It is because to use good manners with our own families counts the most, for those are the people we love most.

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Comprehension questions (6)

In what way is it true that good manners are infectious according to the author?

Refer to the last paragraph. The author wishes good manners would infect one another so as to let everyone possess them.

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Language points of Text 1(1)

manner: polite or well-bred behavior

Example: I don‘t like to talk with him; he has a very rude

manner.  People who have good manners are polite to

others. He was behaving in the manner of a lunatic. She was unusually soft and gentle in her manner

when talking to them.

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Language points of Text 1(2)

appreciation n. 赏识 , 鉴识 , 感激an understanding of the good qualities or worth of sth.

1.She shows little appreciation of good music. 

她对于好音乐几乎没有欣赏能力。 2. Please accept this gift in appreciation of all you've

done for us. 

多蒙鼎立协助，不胜感激，备些薄礼，敬请笑纳。

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appreciate vt. To recognize the quality, realize

A musician can appreciate small differences in sounds.

音乐家能辨别声音中极细微的差别。We shall appreciate hearing from you again.我们恭候佳音。appreciative adj.I am appreciative of her kindness.我感激她的厚意。

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Language points of Text 1(3)

pull out(1)    ( of a motor vehicle, boat, etc.) move

out of sideways A car suddenly pulled out in front of me. 一辆汽车突然横冲到我面前。 (2)    leave or depart When I arrived, the train was pulling out of

the station.

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decorate vt. 装饰 , 布置decorative adj.

Darling, you are too decorative.

decoration n.

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Cary Grant– Movie Legend

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生平简介和作品年表The Romance of 20th Century

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Language points of Text 1(4)

graciousgracious a. 亲切的 , 高尚的(1)    ( of a person and behavior) characterized by kindness and warm courtesy, by tact and propriety, by charm or beauty.

gracious even to unexpected visitors即便对不速之客也礼貌有加 (2)    of a merciful or compassionate nature.He is gracious to his inferiors.  他待下级和蔼可亲。ungracious

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Language points of Text 1(5)

panache: a stylish of doing things that causes admiration and seems to be without any difficulty. [ 法 ] ( 盔等的 ) 羽饰 ; [ 喻 ]华丽 , 灿烂

but it adds priceless panache to your image: but a kind, gracious manner makes you look much more stylish and admirable, contributing pricelessly to your image.

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Language points of Text 1(6)

do wonders for: work wonders for, create wonders for; be remarkably successful in achieving polite results for

This medicine will do wonders for your depression. 这种药对于治疗你的消沉有奇效。 He looked so tired before, but his holiday has done

wonders for him.  他以前一副无精打采的样子，可是休过假后他的精神

出奇的好。

wonder drug(=miracle drug) 疗效神奇的药 , 灵药 (尤指抗生素 )

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Language points of Text 1(7)

compliment: express praise or admiration of sb

He was complimented on his fluency in English. Your presence is a great compliment.  承蒙光临，不胜荣幸。 A free sample is enclosed with the compliments of

the manufacturer. 内附厂方敬赠的免费样品。

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Language points of Text 1(8)

  terrific(1)    very good or fine, splendidHe is a terrific basketball player.What I said was, it's a terrific view.  我刚才说的是，景色美极了。(2)    very great in amount, size, degree.He is driving at a terrific speed.  他以极高的速度驾驶。

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Language points of Text 1(9)

It was a sweet gesture that made me feel terrific and put me in a great mood: It was a delightful or pleasant gesture that made me feel very good and put me in an ecstatic state of mind.

It was something very nice that delighted me immensely and made me feel wonderful.

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Language points of Text 1(10)

   go by: (of time) pass, elapse

As time goes by, my memory seems to get worse. He let a week go by before answering the letter.  他一周以后才回信。 Since China began to be open to the outside world,

30 years have gone by, in which brilliant achievements have been scored.

改革开放 30 年来，中国取得了举世瞩目的成就。

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Language points of Text 1(11)

Barrel (1) n. 枪管 , 炮管 , 桶He bought a barrel of beer.  他买了一桶啤酒。

(2)  put or pack in a barrel. vt. 把 ... 装 桶All the cement has been barreled.

(3)    (slang) move at a high speed. vi. [ 俚 ] 高速行驶

The car was barreling down the street at a crazy speed.

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Language points of Text 1(12)

botherbother (1)    disturb or anger, especially by minor irritation; annoy Don’t bother me while I am writing my paper. (2)    give trouble to It is lack of money that bothers her constantly. 缺钱花经常让她困扰不已。 The complexities of life bothered me. 生活的杂乱事儿使我心烦。 B-it! (=B-you!) 讨厌 ! (3)    take the trouble, concern oneself When she was ill, her husband even didn’t bother to see her.

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Language points of Text 1(13)

melt away: cause sb to disappear by melting or

dissolving The sun has melted the snow away.All his support melted away when we really

needed it.The crowd melted away when the storm

broke.  暴风雨一来，人群就散了。

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Hills melt into the sky.群山渐渐没入天际。I'm simply melting (with heat).我简直热死了。Her anger melted.她的怒气消了。She melted into tears.她伤心得直落泪。His pleading melted her.他的恳求使她心软下来。

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Language points of Text 1(14)

irritation n. 使人恼火；【病理学 】 发炎，疼痛，或过敏

The traffic noise is a constant irritation to city dwellers. 

车辆的噪音对城市居民是永无止境的骚扰。You can use this cream to treat skin irritations.这种药膏可以治疗她的皮肤过敏。

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Language points of Text 1(15)

    … doesn’t it melt away most--- if not all--- of the irritation you felt?

This is a rhetorical question which need not be answered and which must be uttered in a falling tone. A negative rhetorical question is close in meaning but more powerful in tone than a positive statements. The above rhetorical question is similar in meaning too; it does indeed melt away most--- if not all---of the irritation you felt./ After you hear someone’s genuine apology, most --- if not all--- of your irritation will naturally disappear.

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Language points of Text 1(16)

for heaven’s sake: used as an interjection to express irritation 看在上帝的面上

For heaven’s sake! How can you be so stupid.

For heaven’s sake! Shut up! No more talking.

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Language points of Text 1(17)

count: have a specific importance or value Their opinions count for little; what their boss say

counts. Every minute counts. We must race against time. Make each day count. Knowledge without common sense counts for

little.  光有学问而无常识，则这种学问无甚价值。

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Language points of Text 1(18)

  cherish: (1)treat with affection and tenderness; hold dear. One should cherish one’s family.

support the army and cherish the people拥军爱民 (2)  keep fondly in mind, entertain He cherishes good memories of his childhood. cherished desire 夙愿

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Language points of Text 1(19)

   … will go a long way 大有帮助 , 走了一大段路 , 采取主动( a metaphorical idiom) … will produce

wonderful effects/ … will bring about very good results/ … will lead to a gratifying effects.

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Language points of Text 1(20)

routine (1)  a prescribed, detailed course of action to be followed

regularly She found that it was rather difficult to establish a new

routine after her retirement. He made his routine trip to the store after the storm. 暴风雨过后，他照常去商店。 (2)  a set of customary and often mechanically performed

procedures or activities The famous dancer went through a dance routine. It was a rather routine performance.  那是很一般的演出。

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Language points of Text 1(21)

    Take the other persons for granted:

be so familiar with the other person( your spouse) that you no longer appreciate his or her full value; treat the other person with little attention or concern, not recognize his or her true value.

We must not take our family members for granted.

士力架 (Snickers)

士力架 (Snickers)1930年在美国上市 ,历经 75 年 ,成长为世界巧克力家族中的巨头 ,能量型巧克力的主打品牌。 1992 年 , 玛氏公司把士力架带到中国 ,在十二年的时间内 ,士力架自建立以来一直把品牌形象同运动相结合 ,深受年轻人的喜爱。

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English Grammar: 情态动词 (1)

情态动词 (Modal Verbs) 又称为情态助动词 (Modal Auxiliaries) 。英语中助动词主要有两类：一是基本助动词，如 have, do, be ；二是情态助动词，如may, must, need 等。情态动词与其他动词连用表示说话人的语气。情态动词可表达建议、要求、可能和意愿等。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。在大学英语四、六级考试中，情态动词部分重点测试以下内容：

(1）情态动词 + 行为动词完成式 （ 2 ）情态动词 + 行为动词进行式 （ 3 ）情态动词 + 行为动词完成进行式 （ 4 ）某些情态动词的特殊用法

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English Grammar: 情态动词 (2)

一、情态动词 + 行为动词完成式 情态动词 + 行为动词完成式即“情态动词 + have + v-

ed分词”，表示对过去行为或动作进行推测、评论或判断。

1. must have v-ed must have v-ed 表示推测过去某事“一定”发生了。其否定形式为： can’t / couldn’t have v-ed, 表示过去不可能发生某事。例如：

1 ） Since the ditch is full of water, it must have rained last night.  

2 ） You couldn’t have met my grandmother. She died before you were born.

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English Grammar: 情态动词 (3)

2. could have v-ed could have v-ed 表示推测过去某动作“很可

能”发生了。例如： 1 ） “ The dictionary has disappeared.

Who could have taken it?”  2 ） “ Tom could have taken it. He was alone

yesterday.”

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English Grammar: 情态动词 (4)

3.may / might have v-ed  may / might have v-ed 表示推测过去某事“也许”发生了 .may 比 might 表示的可能性在说话人看来稍大些。例如：

  I can’t find my keys. I may / might have

left them at the school yesterday.  

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English Grammar: 情态动词 (5)

4. ought to / should have v-ed 和 ought not to / shouldn’t have v-ed

  ought to / should have v-ed 和 ought not to / shouldn’t

have v-ed 用于对已发生的情况表示“责备”、“不满”，分别表示“本应该…”和“本不应该…”。例如：

  1 ） With all the work finished, I should have gone to the

party last night.   2 ） You ought not to make fun of him. He is not the one

you laugh at but learn from.

 

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English Grammar: 情态动词 (6)

5. needn’t have v-ed needn’t have v-ed 表示过去做了某事，但

没有做的必要， 意为“本没必要…”。例如： You needn’t have waken me up; I don’t

have to go to work today. 注：表示推测过去某动作发生的可能性时，就

表示的可能性程度而言， must最大， could其次， may更次之， might最小。例如：

“I wonder how Tom knew about your past.”  

“He must / could / may / might have heard of it from Mary.”

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English Grammar: 情态动词 (7)

二、情态动词 + 行为动词进行式 情态动词 + 行为动词进行式（即情态动

词 + be + v-ing形式），表示推测或评论某动作现在是否正在进行。例如：

1 ） He must be playing basketball in the room.

2 ） She may be staying at home.

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English Grammar: 情态动词 (8)

三、情态动词+ 行为动词完成进行式 情态动词+ 行为动词完成进行式（即情态动词+

have been + v-ing 形式），表示推测或评论过去某动作是否正在进行或一直在进行。例如：

1 ） They should have been meeting to discuss the problem.

2 ） He may / might have been buying stamps in the post office when you saw him.

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Exercises (1)

Translation exercises 1、对不起，我迟到了，我刚才在开会脱不开身。 I’m sorry I am late: I was at a meeting and couldn’t get

away. 2、在音乐会上，每当一位歌手唱完一首美妙动听

的歌曲时，观众便高声喝彩表示表示赞赏。 At the concert whenever a singer finished singing a

beautiful song, the audience would burst into loud cheers to show their appreciation.

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Exercises (2)

3、 她是个穿着时髦的人，总是穿时髦的衣服，但对饮食很少讲究。

As a stylish dresser, she is always wearing stylish clothes, but she seldom cares about what she eats or drinks.

4、 护士告诉我医生奇迹般地治好了你的心脏病。

The nurse tells me that the doctors have done wonders for your heart disease.

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Exercises (3)

5、主席颁奖时赞美获奖者为人类做出了巨大贡献。

When awarding the prize, the chairman complimented the winner on his great contribution to mankind.

6、这个问题许多年来使专家们迷惑不解。This problem has bothered the experts for

many years.

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Exercises (4)

7、警察到达后，示威的人群逐渐散开了。 The crowd of demonstrators melted away

when the police arrived / at the police’s arrival.

8 、 既然准时是个好习惯，我们应试十分注意准时，努力养成这种好习惯。

Since punctuality is a good habit, we should pay much attention to it and make great efforts to cultivate such a good habit.

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Exercises (5)

9、老人疼爱那女孩，就好像她是自己的女儿一样。The old man cherishes that girl, as if she were

his own daughter. 10、这只是例行的体格检查，没有什么好担心的。It is just a routine physical checkup, nothing to

get worried about.

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Exercises (6)

Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase taken from the box in its appropriate form.

Infectious routine cherish count insignificant sake value irritation board bet punctuality terrific generous

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Exercises (7)

__________ of service is now considered to be one of the major corporate targets.

Drug testing at work and in schools has almost become _________ in many American cities.

The cause of the ____________ disease is the economic and educational backwardness of the country.

You can ____________ he would have failed the exam without extra tutoring.

Punctuality

routineinfectious

bet

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Exercises (8)

The professor gave the college students a ____________ speech about environmental protection..

When the man in uniform _________ the bus, all other passengers moved away.

This time the president had no way but suffer from the “ democracy” he ___________ clearly

We are living in an age where only a strong economy will ____________.

terrific

boarded

valued

count

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Exercises (9)

Already in his eighties, my grandpa still ___________ his memories of the years he spent in the army.

I don’t like to buy a house in that area because of several ___________ , traffic noise for example.

cherishes

irritation

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Comprehension questions of Text 2 (1)

1.What is the author’s explanation for the danger and the hostility of the world?

He worries about the negative effects of violent crime, the ravage of inhumanity, cruelty and intolerance, etc. on our children.

2. What evidence does the author to provide that basic human values are declining?

Parents and teachers must contend often with disturbing levels of adolescent aggression, profanity, and disrespect.

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Comprehension questions of Text 2 (2)

3. Which weakness of the educational system is cited as being responsible for adolescent aggression, profanity, and disrespect?

Some parents do not realize their responsibility to teach their children whereas some teachers may be ethically bystanders.

4. What does the author think all people at New Fairfield High School should do to maintain a moral community?

They should all be polite and tolerant of individual differences.

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Comprehension questions of Text II (3)

5. Apart from lack of responsibility, do you think that the author is also criticizing some parents’ attitude towards the teacher? Cite an example to prove this.

Yes. For instance, a student’s parent told the author that the words his /her child had used didn’t hurt anybody and that the author was too fault-finding with the child’s vocabulary.

6.  What value does the author think should be taught to students?

The author thinks that students should be taught common values of courtesy, mutual respect and persistence, responsibility, and self-reliance.

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Comprehension questions of Text II (4)

7. What is the author’s conception of a successful educator?

An educator can be considered successfully only when his students graduated not only as successful learners but also as well-behaved citizen.

8. What are your ideas of an educator’s moral responsibility?

This is an open question and it is for the students to answer.

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Oral activities (1)

Discuss with one of your classmates on the following topics.

What are the good manners and bad manners on campus?

Spouses don’t have to be as gracious about the routine things now as they used to be around wedding.

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Oral activities (2)

Listing Taboos in China Samples Don’t say the word “die” or even avoid saying

words with the same pronunciation to anybody. Don’t give others pears, or umbrellas as a gift,

because they denote “parting”. Don’t send a clock to Chinese people, especially an

old man, because it carries a funeral connotation. Don’t pat an adult on the head: it is insulting.

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Oral activities (3)

Taboos in China Taboos in China Don’t hug your Chinese friend’s wife even for

greeting. It could make the husband unhappy. Don’t bring food to Chinese family when you go

for a meal. They will be unhappy since they think you look down upon them by bringing them food.

Don’t present an odd number of gifts. Never call your superior by their first names,

especially when they are much older than you.

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Writing practice (1)

Writing: Dinning Customs in China Sample1

If you are a guest in China and you’re going to have dinner with the Chinese, you should learn many things about the dinning customs in China.

Before the dinner begins, the guests and the host all sit at the table. Usually the hostess is busy preparing dishes and the host will chat with the guests. The dinner will begin when everyone is present.

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Writing practice (2)

When the dinner begins, the host says to the guests: “ Please help yourselves!” The guests usually say “OK!OK!’ The host eats first and the others follow. The host or hostess will put food in the bowl of the guest. The guest will say “no, no” at the beginning and will accept it finally. At a Chinese table a guest should not eat too quickly or too much. The Chinese like to talk with each other during the dinner. If someone eats without speaking to anyone, he is considered unfriendly. So the atmosphere at the table is pleasantly noisy.

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Writing practice (3)

At the end of the dinner, if someone wants to leave the table, he should apologize to others for not being able to accompany them and ask them to enjoy their meal.

These are the dinning customs in China. (203 words)