1. 2 3 Refresher Course For J2J/GHC Fellows Washington, D.C. June 9, 2011 Bob Meyers, NPF & J2J.
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Transcript of 1. 2 3 Refresher Course For J2J/GHC Fellows Washington, D.C. June 9, 2011 Bob Meyers, NPF & J2J.
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Refresher CourseFor
J2J/GHC FellowsWashington, D.C.
June 9, 2011 Bob Meyers, NPF & J2J
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Why are we doing this?To make sure that all J2J participants in the GHC
conference are on a level playing field, with all other journalists.
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Medicine Public Health
• Primary focus on individual
• Diagnosis & treatment • Medical care• Social sciences as an
elective part of PH education
• Laboratory & bedside
• Primary focus on population• Emphasis on prevention• Interventions aimed at
environment, behavior, lifestyle, medical care
• Social science as an integral part of PH education
• Laboratory & field work
• (after H. Fineberg, 1990)
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Some definitions
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Some basic definitions
• HIV – Human Immunodeficiency Virus• AIDS – Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome• Medicine – a focus on the individual• Public health – a focus on populations • Incidence – the number of new cases arising in
a given population in a given time• Prevalence – the proportion of people with HIV
at a specific point in time; expressed as a %.
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Some basic definitions
• HIV – Human Immunodeficiency Virus• AIDS – Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome• Medicine – a focus on the individual• Public health – a focus on populations • Incidence – the number of new cases arising in
a given population in a given time• Prevalence – the proportion of people with HIV
at a specific point in time; expressed as a %.
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Some basic definitions
• HIV – Human Immunodeficiency Virus• AIDS – Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome• Medicine – a focus on the individual• Public health – a focus on populations • Incidence – the number of new cases arising in
a given population in a given time• Prevalence – the proportion of people with HIV
at a specific point in time; expressed as a %.
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Leading Causes of Death In the United States
In the Year 1900
• Influenza
• Pneumonia
• Tuberculosis
• Gastritis
• Heart Disease
• Cerebrovascular Diseases
• Chronic Nephritis
• Accidents
• Cancer and other Malignant Tumors
• Early Infancy Diseases
• Diphtheria
In the Year 2000
• Tobacco• Poor Diet and Physical
Inactivity• Alcohol Consumption• Microbial Agents• Toxic Agents• Motor Vehicle Crashes• Incidents involving Firearms• Sexual Behaviors• Illicit Use of Drugs
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Some Causes of Disease
They all make good stories
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Environment
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Water
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Malaria
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Tuberculosis(肺结核)
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Prevalence of TB, Malaria, and HIV/AIDS in China, 1996-2004
0
5
10
15
20
25
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1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Per
cen
tag
e o
f al
l dis
ease
cas
es
HIV/AIDS艾 滋 病
Malaria疟 疾
Tuberculosis肺 结 核
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Slide courtesy of Anthony S. Fauci, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
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A very informal way of looking at HIV transmission
…
• You have to do something
• Or have something done to you
• To contract HIV
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But that’s not true with Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) …
• Tuberculosis
• Lung Disease
• Cancers
• Diseases of poverty & the environment
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All People Are Vulnerable
• Women– Especially in male-dominant cultures– In war zones– Sex workers– Economically challenged
• Children– students
• Medical workers
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Pregnant & vulnerable people(孕妇和易受伤人群)
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Childrenat-risk
(hungry, malnourished,)冒着风险的孩子(饥饿,营养不良)
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POPULATIONS: Until we have a
vaccines or cures for many illnesses …We have to focus on
prevention
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Personal Prevention
• Vaccines
• Condoms – Male or female
• Microbicides
• Limited sexual partners
• Clean needles (HIV/AIDS)
• male circumcision, for adults
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Societal Prevention
• Developing of new drugs– Distribution of those drugs– Preventing mother-to-child transmission
• Development of Vaccines
• Elimination of Stigma
• Sterile clinical environments
• Government & industry attitudes
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To take the example of …Breast Cancer Prevention
• Diet
• Weight
• Alcohol use
• Age and number of children– Breast feeding
• Development of Vaccines
• Sterile clinical environments
• Government & industry attitudes
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Journalism Practice
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Risk
Compare the risk of doing something with the risk of not doing anything– Using a birth control device with low risk VS.
getting pregnant– Switching to a meat-heavy diet VS. continuing
traditional vegetable-based meals– Drinking and driving
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Ethical Practice
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In the next four days we’re going to
look at a lot of issues, both as
journalists and as concerned citizens...
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Journalists are educators…
• We research difficult situations
• We show people what we have learned
• We give them information– so they can improve their lives– so they can improve society
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Because we are educators, and with any disease,
given …
• The size of the epidemic
• The potential for its growth
• The impact on society
• The impact on people
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And the fact that print, or broadcast & online
journalists cover everything from ….
• Poor people• Rich people• National defense
• Marginalized populations
• Sex workers• Our country’s future
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Then I think we can educate many
segments of the population about what
we know.
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And I think that is why we came here …
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Resources
• Globalhealthfacts.org
• Who.org
• Paho.org
• Nationalpress.org
• Theunion.org
• Unaids.org
• Stoptb.org
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Thank you!
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Acknowledgements
• Mark Schoofs, The Wall Street Journal• Anthony S. Fauci & Greg Folkers, National
Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases• Bruce D. Walker & Marylyn Addo,
Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Partners AIDS Research Center
• Timothy Schacker, University of Minnesota• Laurie Garrett, Newsday, & Omololu Falobi,
Journalists Against AIDS Nigeria• Howard Hughes Medical Institute