11

22

33

44

55

66

77

88

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FETAL PERIODFETAL PERIOD

Period beginning from 3Period beginning from 3rdrd month to month to the end of the intrauterine life.the end of the intrauterine life.

CROWN RUMP (CR) LENGTH– sitting CROWN RUMP (CR) LENGTH– sitting height. Measurement from the vertex height. Measurement from the vertex of the skull to the midpoint between of the skull to the midpoint between the apices of the buttocks.the apices of the buttocks.

From 5From 5thth week is taken. week is taken.

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Till 4Till 4thth week – No. of somites week – No. of somites

CROWN- HEEL LENGTH-(CH) LENGTH-CROWN- HEEL LENGTH-(CH) LENGTH-measurement from the vertex to the measurement from the vertex to the heel( standing height).heel( standing height).

Growth in length is more during 3,4, Growth in length is more during 3,4, and 5and 5thth months. months.

Increase in wt. – last 2 months. Increase in wt. – last 2 months.

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Fetus is covered by fine hair-LANUGO Fetus is covered by fine hair-LANUGO HAIR.HAIR.

During the 5 th month-movements of During the 5 th month-movements of the fetus are recognized by the the fetus are recognized by the mother.mother.

External genitalia develop to such a External genitalia develop to such a degree that by 12 th week the sex of degree that by 12 th week the sex of the fetus can be determined.the fetus can be determined.

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-At birth Fetus has 3000gm wt, CR 36 cm-At birth Fetus has 3000gm wt, CR 36 cm

CH 50 cm.CH 50 cm.

-Delivery before 7-Delivery before 7thth- difficult to survive for - difficult to survive for the fetus.the fetus.

-Delivery after 7-Delivery after 7thth to 9 th month can survive to 9 th month can survive if external airway and nutrition are if external airway and nutrition are maintained.maintained.

Mainly because CNS and Resp system Mainly because CNS and Resp system coordination is not fully develop.coordination is not fully develop.

-IUGR-Intrauterine growth retardation.-IUGR-Intrauterine growth retardation.

-SGA-Small for gestational age- small for -SGA-Small for gestational age- small for dates.dates.

-Large fetus- great risk- post dates and -Large fetus- great risk- post dates and maternal diabetes.maternal diabetes.

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DIAGNOSISDIAGNOSIS

1.1. ULTRASONOGRAPHY– Placental and ULTRASONOGRAPHY– Placental and fetal size and position. Multiple fetal size and position. Multiple births. Sex, malformations(mostly births. Sex, malformations(mostly neural tube defects).neural tube defects).

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2.AMNIOCENTESIS– With drawing 2.AMNIOCENTESIS– With drawing amniotic fluid. Not prior to 14amniotic fluid. Not prior to 14thth week. week.

Fluid analyzed for Fluid analyzed for αα – –fetoprotein(AFP).fetoprotein(AFP).

Increased in neural tube defects-spina Increased in neural tube defects-spina bifida and anencephaly.bifida and anencephaly.

Fetal cells-grown in culture & analyzed Fetal cells-grown in culture & analyzed for chromosomal abnormalities.for chromosomal abnormalities.

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3.CHORIONIC VILLUS BIOPSY– New 3.CHORIONIC VILLUS BIOPSY– New technique.technique.

Advantage-can be done from 8Advantage-can be done from 8thth week also.week also.

Immediate cell analysis.Immediate cell analysis.

Disadvantage- AFP cannot be Disadvantage- AFP cannot be analyzed.analyzed.

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