1 (11) - Thitsarparami Dhamma Society · b,0demou'DyeDusrf; rmwdum ed'gef; r[m0ift|uxm rdefYqdkcsuf...

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b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;

rmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdum

ed'ge f;e d'ge f;e d'ge f;e d'ge f;e d'ge f;

r[m0ift|uxm rdef Yqd kcsufr[m0ift|uxm rdef Yqd kcsufr[m0ift|uxm rdef Yqd kcsufr[m0ift|uxm rdef Yqd kcsufr[m0ift|uxm rdef Yqd kcsuf

&weokwf rdef Yqd kcsuf&weokwf rdef Yqd kcsuf&weokwf rdef Yqd kcsuf&weokwf rdef Yqd kcsuf&weokwf rdef Yqd kcsuf

OyÜgwoEÅd ygVdawmfvm rdef Yqd kcsufOyÜgwoEÅd ygVdawmfvm rdef Yqd kcsufOyÜgwoEÅd ygVdawmfvm rdef Yqd kcsufOyÜgwoEÅd ygVdawmfvm rdef Yqd kcsufOyÜgwoEÅd ygVdawmfvm rdef Yqd kcsuf

uvduFZmwf rdef Yqd kcsufuvduFZmwf rdef Yqd kcsufuvduFZmwf rdef Yqd kcsufuvduFZmwf rdef Yqd kcsufuvduFZmwf rdef Yqd kcsuf

tEÅ&m,fudk BudKwif umuG,f&rnftEÅ&m,fudk BudKwif umuG,f&rnftEÅ&m,fudk BudKwif umuG,f&rnftEÅ&m,fudk BudKwif umuG,f&rnftEÅ&m,fudk BudKwif umuG,f&rnf

bk&m; 7-ql puf*gxmBuD;bk&m; 7-ql puf*gxmBuD;bk&m; 7-ql puf*gxmBuD;bk&m; 7-ql puf*gxmBuD;bk&m; 7-ql puf*gxmBuD;

pufBuD; 13-yg;*gxmpufBuD; 13-yg;*gxmpufBuD; 13-yg;*gxmpufBuD; 13-yg;*gxmpufBuD; 13-yg;*gxm

okwfr[m0g r[my&dedAÁmeokwf rdef Yqd kcsufokwfr[m0g r[my&dedAÁmeokwf rdef Yqd kcsufokwfr[m0g r[my&dedAÁmeokwf rdef Yqd kcsufokwfr[m0g r[my&dedAÁmeokwf rdef Yqd kcsufokwfr[m0g r[my&dedAÁmeokwf rdef Yqd kcsuf

v,fwDrdef YcGef;awmfrsm;v,fwDrdef YcGef;awmfrsm;v,fwDrdef YcGef;awmfrsm;v,fwDrdef YcGef;awmfrsm;v,fwDrdef YcGef;awmfrsm;


a½S;upmoifom; ESif h ,ckpmoifom;a½S;upmoifom; ESif h ,ckpmoifom;a½S;upmoifom; ESif h ,ckpmoifom;a½S;upmoifom; ESif h ,ckpmoifom;a½S;upmoifom; ESif h ,ckpmoifom;


EGm;om; rpm;&ef arwåm&yfcHEGm;om; rpm;&ef arwåm&yfcHEGm;om; rpm;&ef arwåm&yfcHEGm;om; rpm;&ef arwåm&yfcHEGm;om; rpm;&ef arwåm&yfcH

tvnfvmonf r[kwftvnfvmonf r[kwftvnfvmonf r[kwftvnfvmonf r[kwftvnfvmonf r[kwf

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jrefrmpmudk ta&;ay;yH kjrefrmpmudk ta&;ay;yH kjrefrmpmudk ta&;ay;yH kjrefrmpmudk ta&;ay;yH kjrefrmpmudk ta&;ay;yH k

ig hpmtkyfzwfvQif ur®|mef;xd ki faeovdkyJig hpmtkyfzwfvQif ur®|mef;xd ki faeovdkyJig hpmtkyfzwfvQif ur®|mef;xd ki faeovdkyJig hpmtkyfzwfvQif ur®|mef;xd ki faeovdkyJig hpmtkyfzwfvQif ur®|mef;xd ki faeovdkyJ

rkqd k;rtdrfu rD;cGufvd kr kqd k;rtdrfu rD;cGufvd kr kqd k;rtdrfu rD;cGufvd kr kqd k;rtdrfu rD;cGufvd kr kqd k;rtdrfu rD;cGufvd k

ay:onfhtMuH tzd k;wefay:onfhtMuH tzd k;wefay:onfhtMuH tzd k;wefay:onfhtMuH tzd k;wefay:onfhtMuH tzd k;wef

a&rsm; a&Ed kifa&rsm; a&Ed kifa&rsm; a&Ed kifa&rsm; a&Ed kifa&rsm; a&Ed kif

tcs de fonf wefzd k ;t½S dqH k;tcs defonf wefzd k ;t½S dqH k;tcs defonf wefzd k ;t½S dqH k;tcs defonf wefzd k ;t½S dqH k;tcs defonf wefzd k ;t½S dqH k;

rpd k ;& dr fr de f Yc Ge f;rpd k ;& dr fr de f Yc Ge f;rpd k ;& dr fr de f Yc Ge f;rpd k ;& dr fr de f Yc Ge f;rpd k ;& dr fr de f Yc Ge f;

abmif;vHatmifavmif;abmif;vHatmifavmif;abmif;vHatmifavmif;abmif;vHatmifavmif;abmif;vHatmifavmif;

awmifwGif; BuD;rde f Yc Ge f;awmifwGif; BuD;rde f Yc Ge f;awmifwGif; BuD;rde f Yc Ge f;awmifwGif; BuD;rde f Yc Ge f;awmifwGif; BuD;rde f Yc Ge f;

y kodrf Nr d K Ur de f Yc Ge f;awmfykodrf Nr d K Ur de f Yc Ge f;awmfykodrf Nr d K Ur de f Yc Ge f;awmfykodrf Nr d K Ur de f Yc Ge f;awmfykodrf Nr d K Ur de f Yc Ge f;awmf


wqdwf½S dvQif v,fwDwqdwf½S dvQif v,fwDwqdwf½S dvQif v,fwDwqdwf½S dvQif v,fwDwqdwf½S dvQif v,fwD

oHCmhuRef jzpfvd konfoHCmhuRef jzpfvd konfoHCmhuRef jzpfvd konfoHCmhuRef jzpfvd konfoHCmhuRef jzpfvd konf

olemjyKwm0ef vGefausyGefolemjyKwm0ef vGefausyGefolemjyKwm0ef vGefausyGefolemjyKwm0ef vGefausyGefolemjyKwm0ef vGefausyGef

avScGufcsnf;usef tvHrvJavScGufcsnf;usef tvHrvJavScGufcsnf;usef tvHrvJavScGufcsnf;usef tvHrvJavScGufcsnf;usef tvHrvJ

wpfAd kvfxJ usefaomfvJwpfAd kvfxJ usefaomfvJwpfAd kvfxJ usefaomfvJwpfAd kvfxJ usefaomfvJwpfAd kvfxJ usefaomfvJ

BuHUoGm;vQif om;aoonfBuHUoGm;vQif om;aoonfBuHUoGm;vQif om;aoonfBuHUoGm;vQif om;aoonfBuHUoGm;vQif om;aoonf

yxrausmf OD;BuD;az tm; rdef Y Mum;aomyxrausmf OD;BuD;az tm; rdef Y Mum;aomyxrausmf OD;BuD;az tm; rdef Y Mum;aomyxrausmf OD;BuD;az tm; rdef Y Mum;aomyxrausmf OD;BuD;az tm; rdef Y Mum;aom

rdef Yc Ge f;awmfrsm;rde f Yc Ge f;awmfrsm;rde f Yc Ge f;awmfrsm;rde f Yc Ge f;awmfrsm;rde f Yc Ge f;awmfrsm;

o'¨gwwfcsif ½lyod'¨ doifo'¨gwwfcsif ½lyod'¨ doifo'¨gwwfcsif ½lyod'¨ doifo'¨gwwfcsif ½lyod'¨ doifo'¨gwwfcsif ½lyod'¨ doif

tbd"mefonf usufpmr[kwftbd"mefonf usufpmr[kwftbd"mefonf usufpmr[kwftbd"mefonf usufpmr[kwftbd"mefonf usufpmr[kwf

ykPÖm;wynfh rvkyfEd ki fykPÖm;wynfh rvkyfEd ki fykPÖm;wynfh rvkyfEd ki fykPÖm;wynfh rvkyfEd ki fykPÖm;wynfh rvkyfEd ki f

okwåefESif h tbd"r®mokwåefESif h tbd"r®mokwåefESif h tbd"r®mokwåefESif h tbd"r®mokwåefESif h tbd"r®m

ypönf;Nyd Ki fESif hpyfí rdef YawmfrlyH kypönf;Nyd Ki fESif hpyfí rdef YawmfrlyH kypönf;Nyd Ki fESif hpyfí rdef YawmfrlyH kypönf;Nyd Ki fESif hpyfí rdef YawmfrlyH kypönf;Nyd Ki fESif hpyfí rdef YawmfrlyH k

oN*Ø K[fESif hpyfí rdef YawmfrlyH koN*Ø K[fESif hpyfí rdef YawmfrlyH koN*Ø K[fESif hpyfí rdef YawmfrlyH koN*Ø K[fESif hpyfí rdef YawmfrlyH koN*Ø K[fESif hpyfí rdef YawmfrlyH k


y&rw¬'DyeDESif hpyfí rdef YawmfrlyH ky&rw¬'DyeDESif hpyfí rdef YawmfrlyH ky&rw¬'DyeDESif hpyfí rdef YawmfrlyH ky&rw¬'DyeDESif hpyfí rdef YawmfrlyH ky&rw¬'DyeDESif hpyfí rdef YawmfrlyH k

y&dwf½GwfyH k ½Gwfenf;y&dwf½GwfyH k ½Gwfenf;y&dwf½GwfyH k ½Gwfenf;y&dwf½GwfyH k ½Gwfenf;y&dwf½GwfyH k ½Gwfenf;

tEÅ&m,fuif; ur®0gzwfenf;tEÅ&m,fuif; ur®0gzwfenf;tEÅ&m,fuif; ur®0gzwfenf;tEÅ&m,fuif; ur®0gzwfenf;tEÅ&m,fuif; ur®0gzwfenf;

rD;c d k ; <uufavQmufrD;c d k ; <uufavQmufrD;c d k ; <uufavQmufrD;c d k ; <uufavQmufrD;c d k ; <uufavQmuf

ikyfrdoJwd ki f wufEd ki fzsm;a&mufikyfrdoJwd ki f wufEd ki fzsm;a&mufikyfrdoJwd ki f wufEd ki fzsm;a&mufikyfrdoJwd ki f wufEd ki fzsm;a&mufikyfrdoJwd ki f wufEd ki fzsm;a&muf

t*¾r[my@dwbGJUESif hpyfí rdef YawmfrlyH kt*¾r[my@dwbGJUESif hpyfí rdef YawmfrlyH kt*¾r[my@dwbGJUESif hpyfí rdef YawmfrlyH kt*¾r[my@dwbGJUESif hpyfí rdef YawmfrlyH kt*¾r[my@dwbGJUESif hpyfí rdef YawmfrlyH k

oknESif h 0vHk;oknESif h 0vHk;oknESif h 0vHk;oknESif h 0vHk;oknESif h 0vHk;

awbkr®m ESif h v,fwDq&mawmfawbkr®m ESif h v,fwDq&mawmfawbkr®m ESif h v,fwDq&mawmfawbkr®m ESif h v,fwDq&mawmfawbkr®m ESif h v,fwDq&mawmf

b,0demou'DyeD ESifh v,fwDrdefYcGef;awmfrsm;rmwdumNyD;NyD

--------- Ä ---------


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v,fwDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\ 'DyeDusrf;pmtrsdK;rsdK;wGifb,0demou'DyeDusrf;pmudk usrf;pmp&if;wGifom awGU&onf/zwfzl;olç avhvmzl;ol enf;yg;ayvdrfhrnf/ ,if;odkYjzpf&onfrSmpmtkyftjzpf ½dkufESdyfxkwfa0jcif; r½SdcJhí jzpf[efwlayonf/ odkYaomfv,fwDausmufpmwdkufwGif b,0demou'DyeDtrnfjzifh ausmufpmawmf tcdkiftrm a&;xdk;pdkufxlxm;onfudk awGU½Sd&ayonf/,if;ausmufpmudk ausmufpmrS rdwåLul;,lavhvm Munfh½Iaomtcgtjcm;tjcm;aom 'DyeDusrf;pmrsm;uJhodk Y tbd,mpuyk*¾dKvfusrf;jyK&mXme usrf;jyKouú&mZf usrf;pm\ ed'gef;ydkif;wGifvnf;aumif; ed*Hk;ydkif;wGifvnf;aumif; rawGU½Sd&ay/ odkYjzpfvQif þusrf;pmonf v,fwDq&mawmfa&;aom usrf;pmr[kwf[k qdkwef&moavm? ,if;odkYvnf; rqdkEkdifay/ b,0demou'DyeDusrf;pmygtaMumif;t&mwdkYonf a&m*EÅ&'DyeD? "m;0,fykpämtajz? 'gem'd'DyeDponfwkdYwGifyg0ifaom ½dk;&mewfudk;uG,frIESifh pyfvsOf;í rdefYqdkcsufrsm;ESifhta&;tom; tqdktrdefYtmabmf wlnDaeonfudk awGU&ayonf/


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ua&;cJhoenf;? o,0demou'DyeDonf armfvNrdKifwGif yvdyfuyfa&m*gcsrf;omvTwfNidrf;Mu&ef ewfyGJjyKvkyfrIESifhpyfí rdpäm'd|djzpf-rjzpf jyóemESifhpyfvsif;íjzpfay:vmaomusrf;pmjzpfonf/odkYjzpfí armfvNrdKifNrdKUrSm a&;onf[k ,lqEkdifonf/ v,fwDq&mawmfBuD;\ 0gqdkpOft&qdkvQif 1270-jynfhESpfjzpfonfh ¤if;ESpfwGifarmfvNrdKifNrdKU awmifxdyf atmifvHwdkifbk&m;teD; atmifvHwdkif0gqdkausmif;wGif 0guyfawmfrIonf/

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odkYjzpfí b,0demou'DyeDonf a&m*EÅ&'DyeD\a½SUajy;usrf;pm[k,lu &Edkifayonf/ armfvNrdKifNrdKUwGif yvdyfa&m*g


3b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;tpodkYcsrf;omvTwfNidrf;Mu&ef ewfyGJBuD;jyKvkyfrIESifhpyfí rdpäm'd|djzpf-rjzpfjyóem ajz½Sif;½kHrQ a&;om;aom usrf;pmjzpfonf[k ,lq&ef½Sdonf/

tEÅ&m,fuif; tvif;jy? tEÅ&m,fuif; vrf;ñTefozG,fjzpfaom þb,0demou'DyeD usrf;pm udk a½S;u ½kdufESdyfxkwfa0zl;jcif;½Sdaomf ½SdEdkif&mygonf/ odkYaomf ,aeYrsufarSmufacwfrSmpmtkyfpmwrf; r½SdíausmufpmawmfrlrS rdwåLul;,lum pmtkyfpmwrf;tjzpf pmzwfy&dowfodkY wifjytyfygonf/

v,fwDpmay...wdkYpmay/v,fwDordkif;...wdkYordkif;/v,fwDwm0ef...wdkYwm0ef/

t½Si fokrembd0Hot½Sifokrembd0Hot½Sifokrembd0Hot½Sifokrembd0Hot½Sifokrembd0Ho(r[m*EÅ0gpuy@dw)(r[m*EÅ0gpuy@dw)(r[m*EÅ0gpuy@dw)(r[m*EÅ0gpuy@dw)(r[m*EÅ0gpuy@dw)

e,m;ys Hausmif;e,m;ys Hausmif;e,m;ys Hausmif;e,m;ys Hausmif;e,m;ys Hausmif;v,fwDwd kuf?v,fwDwd kuf?v,fwDwd kuf?v,fwDwd kuf?v,fwDwd kuf?

r H k Y& GmNr d K U/r H k Y& GmNr d K U/r H k Y& GmNr d K U/r H k Y& GmNr d K U/r H k Y& GmNr d K U/--------- Ä ------------------ Ä ------------------ Ä ------------------ Ä ------------------ Ä ---------


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aus;Zl;½Sif v,fwDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;aus;Zl;½Sif v,fwDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;aus;Zl;½Sif v,fwDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;aus;Zl;½Sif v,fwDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;aus;Zl;½Sif v,fwDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;a&;om;pD&ifawmfrlaoma&;om;pD&ifawmfrlaoma&;om;pD&ifawmfrlaoma&;om;pD&ifawmfrlaoma&;om;pD&ifawmfrlaom


earm wó b*0awm t&[awmor®morÁK'¨ó

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a½S;tcgu oD[dkVfuRef;ü oCFaAm"drif; vufxufay:xGufjzpfyGm;½Sdaom a&m*EÅ&uyfBuD; aysmufNidrf;zl;aom enf;vrf;um;-

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apmaom/ {aum,au©m? bDvl;wpfa,mufonf? £"? þtEk&m"


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(2) tnHrnH? tcsif;csif;/ 0g-wpfa,mufudk wpfa,muf/&wåawwåwH? &wåu©d&m*guyfa&mufonf\tjzpfudk/ tayu©dwGm?½SLjrifMuukefonf½Sdaomf? bm,dwGm? aMumufvefYíe&m? vuFmuRef;om; vltrsm;wdkYonf/ r&EÅd? aoMuukef\/

(xdka&m*guyfa&mufaomoludk Munfh½Iapmifha½SmufMuukefaom olwdkYonfvnf; aMumufjcif; xdwfvefYjcif; ½SdMuvsufxdka&m*gul;pufí xdka&m*gjzifh aoaysmufMuukef\[lvdkonf/)

aom,au©m? xdkbDvl;onf/ touÐa,m? ,HkrSm;ouFmuif;½Sif;vsuf/ aw=xdka&m*gzdpD; aoavNyD;aom olwdk Y\taumifwdkYudk/ bau©wd? pm;av\/

(ighudkEkdifol ½SdNcdrfhrnfvm; [k ,HkrSm; r½Sd[lvdk/)


8b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;tpodkY(3^4) &mZm=oCFaAm"drif;BuD;onf/ awoH=xdkOD;euf

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(5) awe=xdkoCFaAm"drif;BuD;onf/ wGH=oifonf/aumtod=&yfvmwl½I tb,foljzpfavoenf;/ £wd=þodkY/yka|m=ar;awmfrlvwfaomf? aom=xdkbDvl;onf? t[EÅd=tuREkfyf&wåu©dbDvl; jzpfonf[lí/ ya0',d=trnfxif½Sm; avQmufMum;av\/ aom=xdkrif;BuD;onf? uo®m=tb,fhaMumifh/ wGH=oifbDvl;onf/ ar=ig\/ yZm=BuD;i,fr[l wdkif;oljynf om;(vltrsm;)wdkYudk/bau©od=aMumufzG,fvefYMum;pm;bdoenf;/ rmcg'=rpm;raomufvifh/ £wd=þodkY/ tjA0d=qdkav\/


9b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;tpodkY(6) aom=xdkbDvl;onf/ {uo®ðZeya'=wpfckaom Ze

yk'fü/ ea&=vlwdkYudk/ ar=tuREkfyftm;/ a'wd=pm;zdkYta&; tcGifhay;ygavmh/ £wd=þodkY/ tjA0d=qdkav\/

(½Hk;wpfckpdkufí wpfckaomNrdKU0ef pD&ifpkNrdKUe,fwpfckonfZeyk'fwpfckrnf\/ xdkoD[dkVf wpfuRef;vHk;udk rpm;&vQif wpfckaomNrdKUe,fudk oefYjcm;í pm;aomufzdkYay;yg [lvdkonf)/

eouúm=oifpm;zdkY&m igray;Ekdif/ £wd=þodkY/ 0kawå=rif;BuD;uqdkonf½Sdaomf/ aom=xdk bDvl;onf/ uare=tpOftm;jzifh/{uH=rnf0gr[l wpfa,mufaomvludk/ a'[d=ay;ygavmh/ £wd=þodkY/ tjA0d=qdkav\/

(uare=tpOftm;jzifhqdkonfum; Zeyk'fwpfe,fvHk;udkray;Ekdifaomf xuf0ufudkay;ygavmh? xuf0ufudk ray;EkdifaomfoHk;yHkwpfyHkwpfpdwf ponfjzifh awmif;ír&? y,f½Sm;aomumvrStEÅdr tqHk;pum;wGif wpfa,mufaomoludkyif ay;awmfrlygavmh[k awmif;onfudk qdkdvdkonf)/

(7) tnH=ig\udk,frS wpfyg;aomoludk/ aw=&owPSmvGefpGm,pfrl; oifbDvl;tm;/ 'gwHk=tydkif;teif; ay;tyfjcif;iSm/eouúm=rwwfEkdif/ rrH? ightm;/ cg'=oem;rn§mpm;aomufygavmh/£wd= þodkY/ aom=xdkrif;BuD;onf(0g)xdkrif;u/ tjA0d? qdkav\/wGH=jynfrOD;pD; oifrif;BuD;udk/ om'dwHk= aoG;oHjcif;jcif; pm;aomufjcif;iSm/ eouúm=rwwfEdkifyg/ *gar? þuRef;rsufESm ½Gmwdkif;½Gmwdkif;ü/ ar=tuREkfyftm;/ Avð=Avdewfpm yGJwumudk/ ''g[d=


10b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;tpodkYay;ygavmh/ £wd=þodkY/ ,mpd=awmif;av\/

(bDvl;rdpäm arwåmavmif;xyf pdwfauseyfapjcif;iSm xrif;rkefY yJt&om Avdewfpmudkrlum; ay;rnf[k 0efcHav\)/

(8) blrdaE´m=uRef;vHk;aoXfeif; oCFaAm"drif;BuD; onf/om"lwd=aumif;NyDay;rnf[lí/ 0wGm? qdkNyD;í/ ouavydp=tvHk;pHkvnf;jzpfukefaom/ 'DyrSD=oD[dkVfwpfuRef;vHk;ü/ *gr'Gga&=NrdKU½Gmed*rwHcg;0wdkif;ü/ eda0aowGm=ewfpmauR;&ef r@yfuEém; aqmufvkyfapí/ wó=wdkbDvl;tm;/ Avð=Avdewfpmudk/ t'gy,d=ay;apawmfrl\/

(tBuD;tuJudkqdkaomy"meenf;rsdK;jzpfí &wåu©dbDvl;udkqdkojzifh xdkbDvl;\ toif;tyif;rsm;udkvnf; odMuav)/

(9) r[moawåe? bk&m;avmif;[k qdkaumif;xdkufpGmowå0gjrwfBuD;wpfOD;jzpfayaom/ oAÁblwmEkurÜdem=oD[dkVfwpfuRef;vHk;\ rSDcd k&muRef;vdIifBuD;wpfqljzpfawmfrlayaom/awe=xdkoCFaAm"d rif;BuD;onf/ {0H=þrQavmuf/ ZmwHk=uRef;vHk;ES HUjym;jzpfyGm;vmaom/ r[ma&m*b,H? aMumufrufzG,f&m&m*gOy'fab;BuD;udk/ emodwH? ajyajymufvGwfNidrf;apawmfrlay\/

(r[m0if t|uxmteuf)(þrQwpfyg; wpfuRef;vHk; rdk;acgifí 'kAÇdu©EÅ&uyfBuD;

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11b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;tpodkYOy'fudkNidrf;aprI? &efolrif;ay:aygufí rw&m;t"r® ckcHvdkaomaMumifh eef;awmfxufu wpfudk,fwnf;qif;oGm;av&m wpfeyfpmaom xrif;udk auR;arG;oltm; xdkae&müyifvQif rdrdudk,fudkaoatmifjyKí rdrdOD;acgif;udk &efolrif;tm; ay;apvsuf xrif;auR;aomol\ aMu;aiG qkvmbfrsm;pGm&aprI? xdkokdY olwpfyg;twGufESifh toufudkpGefYayaom xdkoCFaAm"drif;BuD; trIwdkYudkrIum; r[m0ift|uxm? ¤if;tzGifh 0HowåyumoeDtrnf½Sdaomr[m0if#DumwdkYü tus,fqdkay\/ qdkcJhNyD;aomygVdteuf t"ddyÜg,fpum;pkum; r[m0ift|uxm ouúwdd orydkif; oCFaAm"drif;tcef;rSmvm\)/

&weokwf rdef Yqd kcsuf&weokwf rdef Yqd kcsuf&weokwf rdef Yqd kcsuf&weokwf rdef Yqd kcsuf&weokwf rdef Yqd kcsuf

a0omvDjynfü uyfoHk;yg;oifh&m jrwfpGmbk&m;<uoGm;awmfrIí tEÅ&m,fuif;½Gwfzwf&efa[m awmfrIaom &weokwfy&dwfawmfü ,meD"blwmed[laom tp*gxmBuD;onf NrdKUapmifhewf? ½Gmapmifh ewf? tp½Sdaom ewfwdkYudk wdkifwnfaom *gxma'oemawmfjzpfonf/ xdka'oemü

'd0gp &awåmp [&EÅd a,Avð wo®m[dae &u©x tyÜrwåm-[laomygVdawmf teufum;-a,=tMuifa0omvDjynfol vltaygif;wdkYonf/ 'd0gp=aeY

tcgüvnf;aumif;/ &awåmp=nOfhtcgüvnf;aumif;/ Avð=AvdewfpmylaZmfouúmudk/ [&EÅd=tdrfrSaqmif,l ylaZmfMuukef\/


12b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;tpodkYwo®[d=xdkYaMumifhomvQif/ ae=xdkylaZmfMuol jynfoljynfom;taygif;wdkYudk/ tyÜtwåm=rarhravQmhMuukefrlí/ &u©x=Munfh½Iapmifr ulnDMuukefavmh/ (a'oemawmfteuf)/

(þa'oemawmfjzifhyifvQif Ak'¨bmomjzpfukefaoma0omvDjynfoljynfom;wdkYtm; NrdKUapmifhewf &Gmapmifhewf rd½dk;zvmewfwdkYudk aeYnOfhrjywfylaZmfyo½dk; xHk;pHk½Sdonfudk odtyfayownf;/ xdkokwftqHk; ,med"oHk;*gxmwdkYonf tEÅ&m,f aysmufNidrf;&ef trIüewfwdkYu ulnDMuaom *gxmtpkaywnf;/)

OyÜgwoEÅd ygVdawmfvm rdef Yqd kcsufOyÜgwoEÅd ygVdawmfvm rdef Yqd kcsufOyÜgwoEÅd ygVdawmfvm rdef Yqd kcsufOyÜgwoEÅd ygVdawmfvm rdef Yqd kcsufOyÜgwoEÅd ygVdawmfvm rdef Yqd kcsuf

wpf&Ha&mtcg Zif;r,fjynfü uyfOy'fBuD;jzpfyGm;onfudkaysmufNidrf;ap&ef OyÜgwoEÅdusrf;udk wpfNrdKUvHk;&GwfzwfMuonf½Sd&ma½S;OD;pGm NrdKUapmifhewf &Gmapmifhewf rd½dk;zvmewfwdkYudk yifhzdwfylaZmfyçoç&aMumif; OyÜgwoEÅd ed'gef;üvmonf/ xkwfjycJhaom r[m0ift|uxmü ewfbDvl;taygif;wdk Ytm; AvdewfpmauR;arG;íuyfOy'faysmufNidrf;aMumif; vmonf/

uvduFZmwf rdef Yqd kcsufuvduFZmwf rdef Yqd kcsufuvduFZmwf rdef Yqd kcsufuvduFZmwf rdef Yqd kcsufuvduFZmwf rdef Yqd kcsuf

uvduFZmwfü uvduFrif;ESifh tourif;ppfNydKifMurnf½Sd&muvduFrif; ½IH;vdrfhrnf[k odMum;ewfrif; xGufqdkcsuf½SdvsufuvduFrif; Ekdifav\/ odMum;rif;xGufqdkcsuf ysuf\/ taMumif;rlum;-


13b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;tpodkYuvduFrif;ESifh uvduFewf nDnGwfMuayaomaMumifhwnf;/

nDnGwfMuyHkum;-uvduFewf rullnDvQif uvduFrif;trSef½IH;rnf?uvduFewfESifh touewf EGm;a,mifaqmifjyKíwdkufMu&müvnf;uvduFrif; ol&Jpkrsm; rulnDvQif uvduFewf trSef½HI;rnf?uvduFrif; ½HI;rnf½Sdjyef&m uvduFewfu ulayonf/ uvduFewfu½HI;rnf½Sdjyef&m uvduFrif;u ulayonf/ þodkY uvduFewfESifhuvduFrif;wdkY nDnGwfMuaomaMumifh uvduFrif; Edkifavonf/tourif;buffüvnf; uourif;udk touewfu ulay\/ewfcsif;wdkufMu&mü touewfwdkYtm; tourif;u rulnDonfhtwGuf touewf½IH;í touwyftm;vHk; ysufav\/

þO'g[½kPfudkaxmufí NrdKU&GmwdkYü usa&mufaom uyfOy'frsm;udk aysmufNidrf;apjcif;iSm &[ef; ½SifvlwdkY tm;xkwfMu&müvnf;NrdKUapmifhewf? &Gmapmifhewf? rd½dk;zvmewfwdkYESifh NrdKU&Gm½Sd &[ef;½SifvlwdkYnDnGwfrIvdkvSonfudk owd½SdMuukef/ xdkewfwdkYudk ylaZmfyorIonfulnDazmf&atmifjyKrIaywnf;/ arwåm½SdrS ulnDMurnf/ &[ef;½SifvlwdkYu tm;xkwfízwfrI½GwfrIonf ewfwdkYudk ulnDrIaywnf;/tEÅ&m,fwnf;[laom wzuf&efolwdkYudk ewfwdkYcsnf; rEkdifreif;½SdcJhvQif vlwdkYuulnDMurSEdkifrnf/ xdkYaMumifh yvdyfuyfOy'ftwGufESifhewfyGJBuD;jyKvkyfMuaom armfvNrdKifNrdKUom;wdkY\ trIonf w&m;usrf;*efwdkYESifh nDnGwfonfyifjzpfí ynm½SdwdkY csD;rGrf;xdkufaomtrIomjzpfay\/ uJh&JUxdkufaomtrI r[kwfay/ w&m;usrf;*efudkrod? ÓPfr½SdaomolwdkYom uJh&JUMuukef&mownf;/ xdkaMumifh


14b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;tpodkY,cktcgü armfvNrddKifuJhodkY tNrdKUNrdKUt&Gm&Gmvdr®mMu&ef tcsufpkudkaxmufjyvdkufaytHh/

tEÅ&m,fudk BudKwif umuG,f&rnftEÅ&m,fudk BudKwif umuG,f&rnftEÅ&m,fudk BudKwif umuG,f&rnftEÅ&m,fudk BudKwif umuG,f&rnftEÅ&m,fudk BudKwif umuG,f&rnf

,cktcg 0dywådumv jzpfacsonf/ omoemawmfvnf;tm;enf;vsuf½Sdacsonf/ qkwfuyftcgjzpfacsí a½SUodkYonfhxufqdk;rnfvm;rod? ,cktcg uyfOy'fuif;vGwfMuaom xdkxdkNrdKU&GmodkYuvnf; rdrdwdkYNrdKU&GmodkY uyfOy'frvmEkdifatmif apmapmuwiful;ítxl;aMumifhMupdkuf&rnfh ta&;BuD;jzpfonf/ uyfOy'fa&mufrS aMumifhMupdkufcJhaomf "m;jya&mufrS "m;udk½SmouJhodkYudk;uG,f&m r&Edkif½Sdwwfonf/

aMumifhMupdkufenf;um;-(u) rdrdudk,ftwGufESifh aMumifhMupdkufMu&ef(c) NrdKU½GmtwGufESifh aMumifhMupdkufMu&ef ESpfvrf;½Sdonf/

(u) rdrdud k,ftwGufESif h aMumif h Mupd kufenf;um;...(u) rdrdud k,ftwGufESif h aMumif h Mupd kufenf;um;...(u) rdrdud k,ftwGufESif h aMumif h Mupd kufenf;um;...(u) rdrdud k,ftwGufESif h aMumif h Mupd kufenf;um;...(u) rdrdud k,ftwGufESif h aMumif h Mupd kufenf;um;...(1) ig;yg;oDvudk tNrJedpö vHkjcHKpGm apmifhxdef;&rnf/(2) tbd0g'eoDvdó edpöH 0k¹mypm,daem?

yuúma&m "r®m 0a¹EÅd? tm,k 0aPÖm okcH AvH[laom ygVdt& tm,k0¹e aq;BuD;udk tNrJrDS0J&rnf/

teufum;teufum;teufum;teufum;teufum; / tbd0g'eoDvdó? &wemoHk;yg;tm; aeYpOfrysuf 0wfwufywfuyf edA'fjynfhpHkí ,HkMunfpGm ½Sdcdk;avh½Sdxaom/edpöH=rNrJ/ 0k¹mypm,daem=*kP0k¹d 0,0k¹d jzpfolwdkYtm;udk,fjzifh


15b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;tpodkYt½kdtaojyKjcif;? EIwfjzifh t½dktaojyKjcif;? pdwfjzifh t½dktaojyKjcif; tavh½Sdxaom/ owåó=owå0g tqif; rqkwfr,kwfwJhjcif;vnf;aumif;/ okcH=csrf;omrqkwf r,kwfwJhjcif;vnf;aumif;/ AvH? udk,ftm;ÓPftm; rqkwfr,kwfwJhjcif;vnf;aumif;/ pwåma&m"r®m=av;yg;aom aumif;usdK; w&m;wdkYonf/0¹EÅd? yGm;rsm;wufukef\/ jrwfpGmbk&m;\ tm,k0¹e aq;awmfBuD;aywnf;/

(3) tEÅ&m,fuif;apwwfonf [lí avmuüxif½Sm;aom y&dwfawmf *kPfawmfygVdawmf *gxmrsm;udkaeYpOfpGJNrJí ykwD;pdyfrI? tacgufrsm;pGm&GwfrI½Sdap&rnf/

(4) avmuDt&mü tEÅ&m,fuif; apwwfonf[lí 'd|okw½SdaeMuaom *gxm? rEÅ&m; aq;0g;? tif;tdkifrsm;udkvnf; udk,fapmifhvufapmifh xm;½Sdap&rnf/

(c) NrdKU&Gm½Sd &[ef;awmf oHCmawmf NrdKU&GmvlBuD; taygif;wdkYonf tnDtnGwf csdef;csufpnf;a0;í NrdKU&GmwdkYü uyf Oy'ftEÅ&m,f uif;½Sif;apwwfaom taMumif;t&m enf;vrf; xHk;wrf;rsm;udk wpfnDwpfñGwf jyKvkyfMu&ef wdkifyifzGJUpnf;Mu&rnf/ wpfnDwpfnm tm;xkwfygvQif wwfEdkifavmufaomtrI jzpfcJhrI cdk;rI?uyfol r½Sd? wpfnDwpfnm jyKvkyftm;xkwfMu&rnf/ enf;vrf;xHk;wrf;udk t>rwfrQjyqdktHh-

(1) NrdKU&Gm½Sd bk&m;a[mif;? ausmif;a[mif;? ukodkvfa[mif;rsm;udk wwftm;orQ jyKjyifMu&rnf/


16b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;tpodkY(2) NrdKU&Gm½Sd ewfuGef; ewfeef;rsm;udk aumif;rGefpGm jyKjyif

Mu&rnf/(3) &yfpk uGufpk 0wf0uftoif;rsm;udk NrdKUwGif;&GmwGif;

tESHUtjym;½Sdatmif wnfaxmifzGJUpnf;í y&dwfBuD;ygVdawmfBuD;? y|mef;ygVdawmfBuD;? owdy|mef ygVdawmfBuD; trsdK;rsdK; tEÅ&m,fuif; *gxm arwåmydkY BuD;rsm;&olu wdkifí r&olwdkYu wpfnDwpfnm vdkufí&GwfqdkMu&rnf/ &olr½SdvQif pmtkyfudkifí ½Gwf&rnf/

(4) 0g0if 0guRwf oBuFeftcgBuD; or,BuD;wdkYü NrdKUapmifhewf? &Gmapmifhewf? tdrfapmifhewf? rd½dk;zvmewfwdkYudkxrif; abmZOf a&pif a&csrf; yef; aygufaygufqDrD;wdkYjzifh ylaZmfuefawmh½kd; jyKMu&rnf/

(5) uyf Oy'ftEÅ&m,f½SdcHhaomf NrdKU&GmnDnmí zwf&GwfMu&rnf/(jyqdkcJhNyD;aom ygVdawmfBuD;rsm;udk tdrfwdkif;ütoD;oD;½SdapMu&rnf/)

(6) tEÅ&m,f½SdvmcJhaomf NrdKU&Gm½Sda,musfm;wdkYu wpfusdyftoif;? ESpfusdyftoif;? oHk;usdyftoif;zGJUí vrf;BuD;vrf;ao;avQmufoGm;í wpfNrdKUvHk;? wpf½GmvHk; tkef;tkef;qlatmif zwf½GwfMu&rnf/ ae0ifonfaemufürdrdwdkYtdrfrSmvnf; xdkygVdawmfBuD;rsm;udk toHus,fpGmxkwfí uyf Oy'f aysmufNidrf;onfhwdkifatmif aeYpOftjrJ ½GwfzwfMu&rnf/


17b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;tpodkYjyifopfEdkifiHü jyifopfvlrsdK;rSefvQif ppfta&;t&m vufeuf

ud&d,mwdkYü rvdr®maomol[lí r½Sd? ppfta&;udpö½SdcJhvQif ppfom;udpö ppfAdkvfudpöESifh cPcsif;xGufEdkifMuolcsnf; jzpfatmif wpfEdkifiHvHk; tm;xkwfí xm;Mu&onf/ ,ckigwdkYEdkifiHrSm uyf Oy'ftEÅ&m,fuif;½Sif;rIüvnf; jyifopfenf;wljyKvkyfíxm;MurSoifhavsmfrnf/ *syefEdkifiHrSm oa&mfysufacsmfajymqdkjyKvkyfwwfaomtavhudk ,cktcg Muyfwnf;pGm qHk;rMuonf[k wdkif;owif;pmrsm;rSm awGUjrif&onf/ igwdkYEdkifiHrSmvnf; xdktrIrsdK;udk txl;owdjyKMuzdkY aumif;vS\/ ta&;t&mudk rjrifwwfaom vl½TifvljyufwdkY\ tavhjzpfownf;/

bk&m; 7-ql puf*gxmBuD;bk&m; 7-ql puf*gxmBuD;bk&m; 7-ql puf*gxmBuD;bk&m; 7-ql puf*gxmBuD;bk&m; 7-ql puf*gxmBuD;

(earmwó 3-acgufqdk)0 dyóD b*0g t&[H or®morÁKa'¨g teEÅÓaPm

teEÅ*kaPm teEÅykanm teEÅawaZm teEÅ£'d teEÅZkwd/odcD b*0g t&[H or®morÁKa'g teEÅÓaPm teEÅ*kaPm

teEÅykanm teEÅawaZm teEÅ£'d teEÅZkwd/a0óbl b*0g t&[H or®morÁKa'¨g teEÅÓaPm

teEÅ*kaPm teEÅykanm teEÅawaZm teEÅ£'d teEÅZkwd/aumPm*raem b*0g t&[H or®morÁKa'g teEÅÓaPm

teEÅ*kaPm teEÅykanm teEÅawaZm teEÅ£'d teEÅZkwd/uóaygb*0g t&[H or®morÁKa'¨g teEÅÓaPm

teEÅ*kaPm teEÅykanm teEÅawaZm teEÅ£'d teEÅZkwd/


18b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;tpodkYtrSmuH b*0gt&[H or®morÁKa'¨g teEÅÓaPm teEÅ

*kaPm teEÅykanm teEÅawaZm teEÅ£'d teEÅZkwd/owådar Aka'g b*0aEÅm t&[aEÅm or®morÁK'g r,HSemxm

r,HS'Dyg r,HSwmPm r,HSavPm r,HSy#do&Pm r,HSywd|m/teEÅÓPm Ak'gb*0aEÅm teaEÅ[dÓPpauú[d rH &u©EÅK/teEÅ*kPm Ak'¨g b*0aEÅm teaEÅ[d *kPpau©[drH &u©EÅK/teEÅawZm Ak'gb*0aEÅm teaEÅ[d awZpauú[d rH &u©EÅK/teEÅ£'drEÅm Ak'gb*0aEÅm teaEÅ[d £'dpauú[d rH &u©EÅK/teEÅZkwdrEÅm Ak'gb*0aEÅm teaEÅ[d Zkwdpauú[d rH &u©EÅK/

pufBuD; 13-yg;*gxmpufBuD; 13-yg;*gxmpufBuD; 13-yg;*gxmpufBuD; 13-yg;*gxmpufBuD; 13-yg;*gxm

oaAÁ r[d'd¨um Ak'¨g oaAÁ[d Ak'¨pauú[d rH &u©EÅK/oaAÁ r[d'dum yapöuAk'¨g oaAÁ[d yapöuAk'¨pauú[d rH

&u©EÅK/oaAÁ r[d'dum pdwåmo0g t&[aEÅm oaAÁ[d t&[EÅ

pauú[d rH &u©EÅK/oaAÁ r[d'dum t&d,moaAÁ[d t&d,pauú[d rH &u©EÅK/oaAÁ r[d'dum a'0goaAÁ[d a'0pauú[d rH &u©EÅK/oaAÁr[d'dum £EéoaAÁ[d £E´pauú[d rH &u©EÅK/oaAÁr[d'dum jA[®moaAÁ[d jA[®pauú[d rH &u©EÅK/oaAÁr[d'dum em*goaAÁ[d em*pauú[d rH &u©EÅK/oaAÁr[d'dum *½kVmoaAÁ[d *½kVpauú[d rH &u©EÅK/oaAÁr[d'dum ,u©moaAÁ[d ,u©pauú[d rH &u©EÅK/


19b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;tpodkYoaAÁr[d'dum &u©omoaAÁ[d &u©ompauú[d rH &u©EÅK/oaAÁr[d'düm *EÄÁmoaAÁ[d *EÄÁpauú[d rH &u©EÅK/oaAÁr[d'dum ukrÇ@oaAÁ[d ukrÇ@pauú[d rH &u©EÅK/yk&wådrm, 'dom, aoawtrEkóm umVm umV0PÖm

umVpdwåm? wPSm wPSm0PÖm? wPSmpdwåm? p@m? 0gVmvk'´g?'k|m/ oaAÁau trEkó Ak'pauú[d [wma[mEÅK 0d[wma[mEÅKed[ wma[mEÅK e|ma[mEÅK 0de|ma[mEÅK/

oaA Áaw trE kóm "rpauú[d [wma[mE Å K0d[wma[mEÅK ed[ wma[mEÅK e|ma[mEÅK 0de|ma[mEÅK/

oaAÁaw trEkóm oHCpauú[d [wma[mEÅ K0d[wma[mEÅK ed[ wma[mEÅK e|ma[mEÅK 0de|ma[mEÅK/

yk&wådrm, tEk'dom, a,aw...(v) 0de|ma[mEÅK/'ud©Pm,'dom, a,aw...(v) 0de|ma[mEÅK/'dud©Pm,tEk'dom,a,aw...(v) 0de|m a[mEÅK/ypdärm,'dom, a,aw...(v) 0de|m a[mEÅK/ypdärm, tEk'dom,a,aw...(v) 0de|ma[mEÅK/Owå&m,'dom, a,aw...(v) 0de|ma[mEÅK/Owå&m, tEk'dom, a,aw...(v)0de|ma[mEÅK/

(r,S emxm? r,HS'dyg ponfwdkYü trsm;twGuf ½Gwfzwfaomtcg trSmuH emxm? trSmuH 'Dyg [k½Gwf/)

(rH &u©EÅKyk'fwdkYüvnf; trsm;twGuf½Gwfzwfaomtcg tarS&u©EÅK ½Gwf/ tdrfüvnf;aumif;? vrf;wdkYavQmufívnf;aumif;½Gwfzwf&ef tEÅ&m,fuif;BuD; bk&m;ckepfqlwdkY\*kPfawmf/)


20b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;tpodkYokwfr[m0g r[my&dedAÁmeokwf rdef Yqd kcsufokwfr[m0g r[my&dedAÁmeokwf rdef Yqd kcsufokwfr[m0g r[my&dedAÁmeokwf rdef Yqd kcsufokwfr[m0g r[my&dedAÁmeokwf rdef Yqd kcsufokwfr[m0g r[my&dedAÁmeokwf rdef Yqd kcsuf

ewfuGef; ewfeef; ewfpifrsm;udk aumif;rGefpGmjyKjyifMu&rnf/tcgBuD; ,r,BuD;wdkYü ylaZmfyoMu&rnf[lí qdkcJhaompum;üjrwfpGmbk&m;a[mawmfrlaom ygVdawmf om"uudk xkwfjyaytHh/

'DCedum,f okwfr[m0gygVdawmf r[my&dedAÁmeokwfü-]]tmeE´? tmeE´m/ aw? oifonf/ udEdÅ? tb,fodkYvQif/

okwH? Mum;zl;oenf;/ 0ZÆD? a0omvDjynf 0ZÆDvlrsdK;wdkYonf/ 0ZÆDeH?a½S;a½S;aom a0omvD jynf0ZÆDvlrsdK;wdkY\/ tAÇEÅ&medap0? NrdKUwGif;ü½Sdonfvnf;jzpfukefaom/ Am[d&medp? NrdKUjyifNrdKUyü vnf;½Sdonfvnf;jzpfukefaom/ ,medwmed0ZÆDapwd,med? tMuif0ZÆDwdkif;üwnfukefaom ewfuGef; ewfeef; ewfpif ewfopfyifwdkYonf/ oEÅd?½Sdukef\/

wmed? xdkewfuGef; ewfeef; ewfjirf; ewfpif eefopfyifwdkYudk/ouúa&mEÅd? t½dktaojyKjrJjyKMuukef\/ *½Hkua&mEdÅ? tav;tjrwfjyKjrJjyKMuukef\/ rmaeEÅD? tjrwfwEdk;jyKjrJjyKMuukef\/ ylaZEdÅ?ylaZmfyoNrJ ylaZmfyoMuukef\/ awoÍö? xdkewfwdkYtm;vnf;/'dEéykAÁH? a½S;üay;qufjrJjzpfaom/ uwykAÁH? a½S;ü jyKvkyfjrJjzpfaom/"r®duH? toufowfrlr½Sdjim;bJ w&m;ESifhavsmfuefaom/ Avð?Avdewfpm ylaZmfoumudk/ aem y&d[mayEdÅ=qkwf,kwf vpfvyfjcif;r½SdapMuukef/ £wd? þodkY/ okwH? Mum;zl;\avm/ £wd? þodkY/ykpäd? t½SiftmeE´mtm; ar;awmfrl\/


21b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;tpodkYbaEÅ? jrwfpGmbk&m;/ 0ZÆD? a0omvDjynf 0ZÆDvlrsdK;wdkYonf/

wmed? xdkapomvDjynf 0ZÆDvlrsdK;wdkY\ udk;uG,f&m jzpfukefaomNrdKUwGif;NrdKUjyif ewfpif ewfuGef;wdkYudk/ ouúa&mEdÅ? t½dktaojyKjrJjyKukef\/ *½Hkua&mEÅd? tav;tjrwfjyKjrJjyKMuukef\/ rmaeEÅd?tjrwfwEdk;jyKjrJjyKMuukef\/ ylaZEdÅ? ylaZmf yoMuukef\/ awoÍö?xdkewfwdkYtm;vnf;/ 'dEéykAÁH/ a½S;üay;qufjrJjzpfaom/ uwykAÁH?a½S;üjyK vkyfjrJjzpfaom/ "r®duH? toufowfrl r½Sdjim;bJ w&m;ESifhavsmfuefaom/ Avð? Avdewfpm ylaZmfoumudk/ aemy&d[mayEdÅ?qkwf,kwfvpfpyfjcif;r½SdapMuukef/ £wd? þodkY/ okwH? Mum;zl;yg\/£wd? þodkY/ ta0gp? em;awmfavQmufay\/

(þum; tar; tajzcef;/),m0uD0Íö tmeE´ 0ZÆD ,medwmed 0ZÆDeH 0ZÆDapwd,med

tAÇEÅ&med ap0Am[d&medp? ,medouú&dó EdÅ *½Hkw&dóEdÅrmaeóEdÅ ylaZóEdÅ/ awoÍö 'dEéykAÁ H "r® duH Avð aemy&d[mayóEÅd/ 0k¹da,0 tmeE´-ZÆDeH yg#ducFg aemy&d[med/

(jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mawmfrlcsuf)tmeE´? tmeE´m/ ,m0uD0Íö? tMuifrQavmufaom umv

ywfvHk;/ 0ZÆD? a0omvDjynf 0ZÆD vlrsdK;wdkYonf/ 0ZÆDeH? a½S;a½S;aom0ZÆDvlrsdK;wdkY\/

tAÇEÅ&medap0? NrdKUwGif;ü ½S donfvnf;jzpfukefaom/Am[d&medp? NrdKUjyifNrdKUyü½Sdonfvnf;jzpfukefaom? ,medwmed0ZÆDapwd,med? tMuif0ZÆDwdkif;üwnfukefaom ewfuGef; ewfeef;


22b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;tpodkYewfjirf; ewfpif ewf opfyifwdkYonf/ oEdÅ? ½Sdukef\/ wmed?xdkewfuGef; ewfeef; ewfjirf; ewfopfyifwdkYudk/ ouú&dóEÅD? t½dktao jyKjrJjyKMuukefjim;tHh/ *½Hku&dóEdÅ? tav;tjrwf jyKjrJjyKMuukefthH/ rmaeóEdÅ? tjrwfwEdk;jyKjrJ jyKMuukefthH/ ylaZóEdÅ=ylaZmfyojrJylaZmfyoukefjim;tHh/ awoÍö? xdkewfwdkYtm;vnf;/'dEéykAÁH? a½S;üay; qufjrJjzpfaom/ uwykAÁH? a½S;üjyKvkyfjrJjzpfaom/uwykAÁH? a½S;üjyKvkyfjrJjzpfaom/ "r®duH? toufowfrIr ½Sdjim;bJw&m;ESifhavsmfuefaom/ Avð? Avdewfpm ylaZmfoumudk/ aemy&d[mayóEdÅ? qkwf,kwfjcif;r½SdMu ukefjim;tHh/ wm0? xdkewfwdkYudkt½dktaotav;tjrwfjyKí ylaZmfyojrJ ylaZmfyoMuorQumvywfvHk;/ 0ZÆDeH=0ZÆDvlrsdK;wdkYtm;/

0k'd¨a,0? ypöKyÜefoHo&m csrf;ompD;yGm;wdk Y\ wdk;wufjzpfxGef;jcif;udkomvQif/ yg#ducFg? rcRwfrvGJ tjrJtvdk½Sdtyf\/y&d[med? qkwf,kwfysufjym;jcif;udk/ aem yg#ducFg? tvdkr½Sdtyf/

(NrdKUwGif; NrdKUy½Sd NrdKUapmifhewfwdkYudk ylaZmfjrJylaZmfyoMuorQumvywfvHk; a0omvDjynfonf wpfaeYwpfjcm;wdk;yGm; pnfyifvwåHUomjzpf\? qkwf,kwfysufjym;jcif;r½Sd[lvdkonf/ ygVdawmfteuf)

0ZÆDeH 0ZÆDapwd,meDwd 0ZÆD,mZlleH 0ZÆD&a| pdwåduwa|eapwd,me Dw d v' ¨emrme d ,u©Xmeme d / tA ÇE Å&me Dw dtaEÅme*a&Xdwmed/ Am[d&meDwd Am[d& ea*a& Xdwmed/ 'dEéykAÁEÅdy kaAÁ'dEé H/ uwykaAÁEÅ d ykaAÁuwH/ aemy&d,may óEÅDwd


23b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;tpodkYty&d[maywGm? ,xmy0wåar0 u&dóEÅ D/ "r® duH Avðy&d[mayEÅm eOd§ a'0wm tm&u©H okoH0d[dwH eua&mEÅd? tEkyÜEé'ku©HZaewHk toauúmEÅmyd OyÜEéumo oDo&m*g'ð 0a¹EÅd?o*Fgaryeowdo[m,m ea[mEÅd/ ty&d,mayEÅmeH ye tm&u©HokoH0d[dwH ua&mEÅd? tEkyÜEéH okcH OyÜga'wHk toauúEÅmydOyÜEéHumo oDoa&m*g'ð [eEÅd? o*Fgyodaoo[m,ma[mEÅd/

(okwfr[m0g t|uxm)0ZÆDeH 0ZÆDapwd,meDwd [lonfum;-0ZÆD&mZleH? a0omvDjynf

0ZÆDrif;rsdK;wdkY\/ 0ZÆD&a|? 0ZÆDwdkif;twGif;ü/ pdwåduwa|e? t½dktaojyKtyfaom teufaMumifh/ apwd,meDwd? apwdwdkY[lí/v'emrmed? &tyfaom trnf½Sdukefaom/ ,u©XmemeD? ewfbDvl;wdkY\wnfae&m ewfuGef; ewfeef; ewfjirf; ewfopfyifwdkYonf/(igwdkYEdkifiHü t½SifBuD;[lí ac:a0:Muaom oHk;q,fhckepfrif; tp½Sdaom bkr®pdk;ewfwdkYudkvnf; ,u©[líac:a0:onf/ ,u©o'´gonf ylaZmftyfaom teufudk a[m&if;jzpf\/ jrefrmjyef&müum;bDvl;[lí jyef½kd;½Sd\/ aMumufrufzG,faumif;aomol qdkvdk\/)

(tqif;oP²mefaumif; jzpfapvdkonfjzpfap ewfrsdK;rSefvQifyuwdvlwdkYu tOD;tp awGUjrif&aomtcg MuufoD;arG;n§if;xatmif aMumufvefYrI jzpfwwf\/ tavmif;awmfaerdrif;BuD;odMum;rif;udk jrif&mü MuufoD; arG;n§if;xatmif aMumufvefYjcif;jzpf\/)


24b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;tpodkYtAÇEÅ&meDwd [lonfum;-taEÅme*a&? jrdKUwGif;ü/ Xdwmed?

wnf½Sdukefaom/ Amed&meDwd[lonfum;- Am[d&e*a&? NrdKUwGif;NrdKUyü/ Xdwmed? wnf½Sdukefaom/ 'dEéykAÁEÅd [lonfum;-ykaAÁ? a½S;ü/uwH? jyKvkyfjrJjzpfaom/ (epfuGef;aqmufvkyfjcif;? jyifqifjcif;ponfudk uwykAÁHqdkonf/)

aemy&d,mayóEÅdwd [lonfum;-ty&d[maywGm?r,kwfrvQmhaprlí/ ,xmy0wåar0? jzpfjrJwdkif;udkomvQif/u&dóEÅd? jyKukefvwåHU/ [dopöH? rSef\/ "r®duH? w&m;ESifhavQmfaom/Avð? ewfpm ylaZmfoumudk/ y&d[mayEÅmeH? ,kwfavsmhvpfvyfapukefaom rif;rsdK;wdkYtm;/ a'0wm? wdkif;apmifh? jynfapmifh? NrdKUapmifh?½Gmapmifh ewfwdkYonf/ tm&u©H? NrdKU½GmwdkYü ab;&efra&mufatmifapmifha½Smufjcif;udk/ okwH0d[dwH? aumif;pGmpD&ifrIudk/ eua&mEÅd?rjyKMuukef/ tEkyÜEéH? rjzpfao;aom/ 'ku©H? 'ku©udk/ ZaewHk?jzpfapjcif;iSm/ toauúmEÅmyd? rwwfEdkifukefaomfvnf;/ OyÜEéH?taMumif;wpfyg;aMumifh jzpfay:vmaom/ umo oDoa&m*g'ð?acsmif;qdk;aoma&m;*g? OD;acgif;a&m;*gtp½Sdaom temrsdK;wdkYudk/0a¹EÅd? wdk;yGm;apukef\/ o*Fgar? ppfa&;rufa&;onf/ owd?Edkif½SdcJhaomf/ o[m,m? ulabmfnDbufwdkYonf/ ea[mEÅd? rjzpfukef/

ty&d[mayEÅmeH? jyKjrJwdkif;udk r,kwfravQmhaprlí ylaZmfyoukefaom rif;rsdK;wdkYtm;/ tm&u©H? NrdKU&GmwdkYü ab;&ef ra&mufatmif apmifha½Smufjcif;udk/ okoH0d[duH? aumif;pGm pD&ifrludk/ua&mEÅd? jyKMuukef\/ tEkyÜEÅH? rjzpfao;aom/ okcH? csrf;omudk/


25b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;tpodkYZaewHk? jzpfapjcif;iSm/ toauúmEÅyd? rwwfEdkifjim;aomfvnf;/OyÜEéH? jzpfíaeaom/ umooDoa&m*g'ð? acsmif;qdk;em OD;acgif;emtp½Sdaom a&m*grsdK;udk/ [eEÅd? y,fazsmufEdkifMuukef\/ o*FgroDao? ppfajrOD;ü? o[m,m? ulabmfnDabmf&Muukefonf/a[mwd? jzpfukef\/ (t|uxm teuf)

t"dyÜg,fum;t"dyÜg,fum;t"dyÜg,fum;t"dyÜg,fum;t"dyÜg,fum;

(a0omvDrif;wdkYudk taMumif;jyKí a[mawmfrlaom aMumifhrif;rsdK;udkomxkwfazmfí zGifhjyayonf/ rylaZmfaomolwdkYudkrlum;tapmifhta½Smufudk rpD&ifMuukef/ wpfyg;aom tEÅ&m,fwdkYonfxdk½GmodkY0ifa&mufrnfudk odjrifMuukefaomfvnf; vpfvsL½IíomaeMuukef\/ NrdKU½GmodkY r0if&atmif[efY wm;jcif;udk rjyKMuukef/NrdKU½GmwGif;wdkY0ifa&mufaomfvnf; NrdKU&GmwGif;½SdewfwddkYu xdktEÅ&m,fwdkYudk rESifxkwfukef/ 0if;jcHtwGif;? tdrf0if;twGif;wdkY a&mufaomfvnf; 0if;jcHwGif;½Sd? tdrfwGif;½Sd ewfwdkYu xdktEÅ&m,fwdkYudkrESifxkwfukef/ tb,faMumifhenf;qdkaomf a½S;a½S;aomollwdkYuJhwdkYrylaZmfMuonfhtwGuf NrdKUom; &Gmom; tdrfom;wdkYtay:ü trsufpGef;jidjcif;½SdaeMuaomaMumifhwnf;/ vlrif;rsm;jzpfcJhvQif ay;aeMutcGeftwkwf ray;yJaecJhvQif xdkoludk rif;jypfrif;'PfESifh ESdyfpuf\/xdkYtwl ESdyfpufvdkaom pdwf½Sdí aeMuukef\/ xdkYaMumifh t|uxmü a&m*gOy'f½Sdaomtcg xdka&m*gOy'fwdkY wdk;yGm;apMuukefíwdk;yGm;atmif jyKítaoowfwwfMuukef\ [lvdkonf/


26b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;tpodkYtnDtnm ylaZmfyoMuukefaom olwdkY\NrdKU&Gmürlum;

tapmifhta½Smufudk aumif;pGm pD&ifMuukef\/ NrdKU&GmrSm "m;jytEÅ&m,fr0if&atmif y,f½Sm;Muukef\/ bDvl;obuftExÅ&m,f?jcaoFh? opf usm;tEÅ&m,f r0if&atmify,f½Sm;Muukef\/ jyifyewfwdkY rodí0ifa&mufcJhvQif twGif;ewfwdkYu y,f½Sm;Muukef\/rdrdwdkYy,f½Sm; jcif;iSmrwwfEdkifcJhvQif NrdKUwGif; &GmwGif; &yfwGif;tdrf;wGif;odkY tEÅ&m,f0ifa&mufonfudk vlwdkYodzdkY tdrfrufjyKjcif;ponfjzifh aMumifhMupdkufMuukef\/ ewfwdkYjyKaomtrl[lonfvlvltcsif; csif;jyKaomtrIuJhodkY vlwdkif;uodMu&onfr[kwf/onftdrfom;wdkYudk rkef;í tcGifhomaomtcg a&m*gwdk;yGm;apjcif;ponfudkjyKíowfojzifh onftdrfrSmq,fa,mufyif aoaomfvnf; igowfonf[k ajymawmhonfr[kwf/ onftdrfom;wdkYudkarwåm½Sdí onftdrfodkY0ifvmrnfhtEÅ&m,fudk y,f½Sm;í xdktdrfoltdrfom;wdkYrSm q,fcgwdkifatmif tEÅ&m,fvGwfuif;í oGm;aomfvnf; tEÅ&m,f igy,f&Sm;vdkufonf[k ajymawmhonf r[kwf/xdktdrfolwdkYonfvnf; odMuukefawmhonf r[kwfMuukef/ xdkYaMumifhewfESif hpyfaomt&mwdk Yü usrf;*efA[kokw? avmuDA[kokwwdkYESifh jynfhpHkMuaom olwdkYrSom vdr®mEdkifMuukef\/ ewfESifhpyfaomt&mü usrf;*efA[kokw avmuDA[kokw enf;yg;MuaomolwdkYrlum; vdr®mEddkifzdkYa0;pG? rsufjrif'd|r[kwfonfhtwGufaMumifhvdr®mEdkifol ajymonfudk em,lzdkYonmrQ r½SdMuavukef/


27b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;tpodkYvdr®mEdkifMuukef\qdk&mrSmvnf; ewfrsm;ESif hpyfvsOf;í

onfvdkjzpfvrf;½Sdonf [dkvdkjzpfvrf;½Sdonf onfvdkvkyfenf;½Sdonf?[dkvdkvkyfenf;½Sdonf[k enf;vrf;rQüom vdr®mEdkifMuukefonf/twwfodjrifEdkif Muukefonfr[kwf/ þodkYtwwfrodrjrifEdkifaomt&mwdkYü usrf;*efA[kokw avmuDA[kokwwdkYESifh jynfhpHkaomolom yrmPajrmuf\/ rjynfhpH kaomolonf yrmPrajrmuf/ ,ckuJhodkYaom BuD;rm;pGm uyf Oy'ftEÅ&m,frsdK;rsm;ürlum;yd#uwfusrf;*efwdkYrSvmaom enf;vrf;wdkYwGif 'kp½dkufrIudk csefvSyfíjzpfEdkifavmufaom enf;vrf;[lorQwdkYudk ae&mrus[lí qkwfESpfjcif;r½SdMubJ pHkvifatmif jyKvkyfMuukef&m\/ rqkwfrepftm;xkwfrIonf 0D&d,yg&rDBuD;aywnf;/

BuH&G,fwdkif; tusdK;NyD;pD;onfjzpfap? rNyD;pD;onfjzpfap? 0D&d,yg&rDudkrlum; {uef&awmhonf/xdkrSwpfyg; ewfwdkYESifhpyfvsOf;aoma'oemawmftvGefrsm;ao;\/

þwGifa½GUum; armfvNrdKifNrdKUom;wdkYewfyGJBuDF;jyKvkyfrIudktaMumif;jyKí tvGefBuD;aom uyfOy'fBuD;t&mü ynmrJhpum;ydkwdkYaMumifh tusdK;rJhjzpfí raeMu&atmif xdkxdkNrdKU&Gmae vlaumif;½Sifaumif; ynm½Sdtaygif;wdkYtm; ynmowdtxl;½SdMu&ef usrf;*efxGufpum;wdkYudk xif½Sm;½kHazmfjyvdkufonf/

b,0demou'DyeDusrf; NyD;\/b,0demou'DyeDusrf; NyD;\/b,0demou'DyeDusrf; NyD;\/b,0demou'DyeDusrf; NyD;\/b,0demou'DyeDusrf; NyD;\/------------


28b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;tpodkY v,fwDrdef YcGef;awmfrsm;v,fwDrdef YcGef;awmfrsm;v,fwDrdef YcGef;awmfrsm;v,fwDrdef YcGef;awmfrsm;v,fwDrdef YcGef;awmfrsm;


v,fwDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;a&;om;awmfrlcJhaom pmaytm;vHk;onf v,fwDq&m;awmfBuD;\ tqdkqrdefYrsm;? v,fwDq&mawmfBuD;\tmabmf? v,fwDq&mawmfBuD;\ oabmxm;?v,fwDq&mawmfBuD;\ tvdkqEawmfrsm;jzpfayonf/ þpmtkyfi,fyg taMumif;t&mwdkYonfum; pmayta&;tom; taejzifh(pma&;[efjzifh) a&;om;xm;aom taMumif;t&mrsm; r[kwf?xdkifajymtae ajym[efqdk[ef taejzifh a&;om;rSwfwrf;wifxm;aom taMumif;t&m;rsm;jzpfayonf/v,fwD q&mawmfBuD;\b0wavQmuf awGUMuHKqdkufa&mufvmaom taMumif;t&m;tm;avsmfpGm &[ef;½Sif vlyk*¾dKvftoD;oD;wdkYtm; rdefYqdkaom rdefYqdkcsufrsm;jzpfayonf/ ¤if;rdefYqdkcsufrsm;udk v,fwD OD;vSwif? v,fwDOD;vSydkifwdkYu olwdkY\ v,fwDr[max½kyÜwåduxm? v,fwD*EÅ0ifausmfrsm;ordkif; pmtkyfrsm;ü taMumif;tm;avsmfpGm toD;oD;rSwfwrf;wifxm;cJhMuayonf/

v,fwDq&mawmfBuD;\ b0wavQmufrdefYMum;cJhaomrdefYcGef;awmfrsm;onf þa½GUþrQru ½Sdayrnf/ rdefYcGef;awmft&yf&yfrdefYawmfrlcsufrsm;pGmrS jzpf&yfxl;jcm;aom rdefYcGef;? tqdktrdefYxl;jcm;aomrdefYcGef; awmfrsm;udkom rSwfwrf;wifxm;cJhMu[efwlayonf/ v,fwD OD;vSwif? v,fwD OD;vSydkifwdkY rSwfwrf;wif


29b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;tpodkYxm;cJhaom tqdktrdefYtrsdK;rsdK;? Mo0g'xl;trsdK;rsdK;udk pkpnf;ív,fwDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\ ]]rdefYcGef;awmf rsm;tjzpf}} wifjyvdkufayonf/

v,fwDq&m;awmfbk&m;BuD;\ t&yf&yfrdefYcGef;awmfudkMunfhjcif;tm;jzifh v,fwDq&mawmfudk i,fpOfumv pmoifom;b0wnf;u toGm;ovm? taetxdkif? toHk;taqmifNcdK;NcHacRwmjcif;? oEÅK|D oav’c? ov’[ku0kwåd*kPfESifhjynfhpHkaomyk*¾ d Kvftjzpfvnf;aumif; arwåm½SifBuD;tjzpfvnf;aumif;?*½kPm½SifBuD;tjzpfvnf;aumif;? *gr0goDyk*¾ddvfr[kwf t&n0goDyk*¾dKvftjzpfvnf;aumif; tajymtqdk ta&;tom;? t½GwftzwfESifhpyfí trsm;ESifhrwlatmifajymavh a&;om;avh ½Gwfzwfavh½Sdaom yk*¾dKvftjzpfvnf;aumif; vrf;a[mif;rvdkkufwwfol?vrf;a[mif;üvrf;opfxGifwwfol? tpOftvma&pD;aMumif;üarsmygí raeoltjzpfvnf;aumif;? pmayawmfvSefa&;orm;BuD;tjzpfvnf;aumif;? awmfvSefaom awG;ac:ynm½SifBuD;tjzpfvnf;aumif;? tcsdefudkwefzdk;xm;av;pm; vdkufemwwfaomyk*¾dKvftjzpfvnf;aumif;-tvmbmayu© "r®uxduyk*¾dKvfBuD;tjzpfvnf;aumif;? e,fvSnfh t*¾r[m"r®uxdu A[kZe[dw"&yk*¾dKvfBuD;tjzpfvnf;aumif;? oHCmhuRefcH&ef 0efrav;aomyk*¾dKvfBuD;tjzpfvnf;aumif;? olemjyKq&m0efBuD;tjzpfvnf;aumif;? avScGufcsnf;usef tvHrvSJ? 'l;raxmuf? vufrajr§mufaom yk*¾dKvftjzpfvnf;aumif;? vluJcwfvdr®maom yk*¾dKvftjzpf


30b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;tpodkYvnf;aumif;? ouú#paombmoEÅ&pmayrsm;udk txifrBuD;oltm;rusol? pmayESifhpyfí rsdK;cspfpdwf½Sdol tjzpfvnf;aumif;?ikyfrdoJwdkif wufEkdifzsm; a&mufvkyfrdvQif aemufrqkwfwwfaomyk*¾dKvf? 0Hh0hHpm;pm; &J&J&ifh&ifh &Gwf&GwfcRefcRef pGrf;pGrf;wref vkyfwwfaomyk*¾dKvftjzpfvnf;aumif; awGUjrif&rnf jzpfayonf/

v,fwDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\ t&yf&yfrdefYcGef;awmfrsm;onfq&mawmfBuD;\ b0tpdwftydkkif; rsm;vnf;jzpfayonf/ tqdkygb0tpdwftydkif;wzG,fjzpfaom t&yf&yfrdefYcGef;awmfrsm;udkMunfhív,fwDq&mawmfBuD;udk teD;uyf MunfndKav;pm;Edkif&ef tm;ustwk,lEdkifap&ef v,fwDq&mawmfBuD;\rdefYcGef;awmfrsm;udk &[ef;½Sifvltrsm;jynfolwdkY wpfxdkifwnf; tvG,fwul avhvmzwf½IEdkif&ef &nfoefcsufjzifh pDpOfwifjyjcif;jzpfygonf/

t½Sifokrembd0Hoe,m;ysHausmif;?rHk&Gm..v,fwD/


31b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;tpodkYtNrdKU Nrd KUt&Gm&Gm te,fe,f t&yf&yf½S d &[ef;½SifvltNrdKU Nrd KUt&Gm&Gm te,fe,f t&yf&yf½S d &[ef;½SifvltNrdKU Nrd KUt&Gm&Gm te,fe,f t&yf&yf½S d &[ef;½SifvltNrdKU Nrd KUt&Gm&Gm te,fe,f t&yf&yf½S d &[ef;½SifvltNrdKU Nrd KUt&Gm&Gm te,fe,f t&yf&yf½S d &[ef;½Sifvl

jynfolwd k Ytm; rdef Y Mum;awmfrlcJ haomjynfolwd k Ytm; rdef Y Mum;awmfrlcJ haomjynfolwd k Ytm; rdef Y Mum;awmfrlcJ haomjynfolwd k Ytm; rdef Y Mum;awmfrlcJ haomjynfolwd k Ytm; rdef Y Mum;awmfrlcJ haomv,fwDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\v,fwDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\v,fwDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\v,fwDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\v,fwDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\

rdefYcGef;awmfrsm;rdef YcGef;awmfrsm;rdef YcGef;awmfrsm;rdef YcGef;awmfrsm;rdef YcGef;awmfrsm;

a½S;upmoifom; ESif h ,ckpmoifom;a½S;upmoifom; ESif h ,ckpmoifom;a½S;upmoifom; ESif h ,ckpmoifom;a½S;upmoifom; ESif h ,ckpmoifom;a½S;upmoifom; ESif h ,ckpmoifom;

v,fwDq&mawmfBuD;onf 1248-ckESpf? wydkYwGJ vjynfhausmf(8)&ufaeYwGif v,fwDawmodkY<uí oDwif;oHk;awmfrlonf/ ¤if;ESpf¤if;&ufonfyif v,fwDwdkufBuD;pwifwnfaxmifawmfrlaomaeY&ufjzpfayonf/ xdktcsdefrSpí avSul;&yf oN*ØK[fOD;0dkif;½Sdwynfhpmoifom;rsm;ESifhtwl te,fe,ft&yf&yfrS pmoifom;rsm;v,fwDq&mawmfBuD;\ xHawmfarSmufodkY a&muf½SdvmMuonf/ynm&ifEdkYaomufpdkYvmMuonf/ xdktxJwGif v,fwDOD;vSwiftrnfjzifh xif½Sm;vmrnfht½Sif0PÖdwvnf; wpfyg;tygt0ifjzpfonf/ t½Sif0PÖdwonf 1274-ckESpf v,fwDwdkufodkY pwifa&muf½Sdvmonf/ toH0gydkif½Sif t½Sif0PÖdw tm; 1274-ckESpfwGif"r®uxdutjzpfcsD;ajr§mufawmfrlonf/ wpfaeYwGif a½S;upmoifom;ESifh ,ckumv pmoifom;uGmjcm;csufudk wynfht½Sif0PÖdwtm; rdefYMum;awmfrlonfrSm...

]]pdkifjyif&GmrS rEÅav;a&TNrdKUawmfodkY pmoif&efoGm;aomtcgrif;odkY ,ckumvvdk rD;oabFm? rD;&xm; r½Sdao;bl;uGJU/ ighrSmawmhavSMuHK? vlMuHKrsm;ESifh tqifoifhovdk oGm;&w,fuGJU? ighrSmawmh


32b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;tpodkYouFef; 3-xnfudk vufpGyftdwfwGif xnfhvG,fNyD; pmykavGxrf;íc&D;jyif;wpfv udk;oDwif; vm&ouGJU? a&TNrdKUawmf pHausmif;wdkufodkYa&mufjyefawmhvJ a'Grmwdumudk aus>yefpGm&OD;rSuGJU? a'Grmwdum&íaecGifhomaomfvnf; ae&mxdkifcif;twGuf tcufMuHK&ao;w,fuGJU? ighrSm ae&mr½Sdí oHCmawmfrsm;\ajc&if; aomufa&tdk;teD; wpfae&mpm tdyfavmuf½HkrQom &w,fuGJU? tcif;uawmh&GmuygvmwJh om;a&EG,fav; wpfcsyfcif;í acgif;tHk;uawmh0g;ydk;jcrf;MuD;wpfckudk tHk;&w,fuGJU/

om;a&EG,fuav;uvJ rvHkravmuf wpfydkif;jywfjzpfaevdkYc0Jcif; zsmMurf;wpfydkif;jywfwpfckudk &í qufcif;NyD;tdyf&w,fuGJU?tJ'Dae&muvJ aeYudkaevdkYr&bl;? ntdyf½Hkom&w,f? wpfcgwpf&HoHCmawmfrsm;u a&aomufNyD; a&usefudk wjcm;vGwf&mudkroGefbJ igtdyfr,fhae&m oGefxm;cJhvdkY wpfcgwpf&H a&pdkxJrSmtdyf&w,fuGJU/

,ck rif;wkdYumv pmoifom;rsm;rSmawmh a½S;bkef;uHMuD;Muygay&JU? oabFmc&D;? rD;&xm;c&D;awG jzpfaevdkY toGm;tvmvG,fulMuygayw,f? toHk;taqmifrsm;uvJ acgif;tHk;? tdyf&mcif;?jcHKapmif? oifjzL;? aumfaZm? tdyf&mvdyf? ½Hk;aowåm? oHaowåm?,leDazmif;? vufqGJcsdKifh? "mwfa&bl;? vufESdyf"wfrD;? qeftdyf? ig;yd?ig;ajcmuf? ig;jcrf; vdkavao;r½Sd jynfhpHkMuygay&JU? BuD;us,fMuay&JU?crf;em;Muygay&JU uGJU}} [líjzpfonf/

------------------


33b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;tpodkYEGm;om; rpm;&ef arwåm&yfcHEGm;om; rpm;&ef arwåm&yfcHEGm;om; rpm;&ef arwåm&yfcHEGm;om; rpm;&ef arwåm&yfcHEGm;om; rpm;&ef arwåm&yfcH

1247-ckESpf? oDaygrif; ygawmfrlNyD;aemuf jrefrmEdkifiHudkukvm;vlrsdK;rsm; tkyfcsKyfvdrfhrnf[kMum;aomtcg jrefrmEdkifiHudkukvm;tkyfcsKyfvQif ukef;owå0gawGrsm;pGm aoaMuysufpD;zdkY&eftaMumif;½S d\/ taMumif;udkqdkaomf þtaemufEd kifiHom;ukvm;vlrsdK;wdkYonf tom;pm;rI tm;BuD;aomvlrsdK;rsm;jzpfonf/olwdkYjrefrmEdkifiHa&mufvmMuvQif EGm;owf½Hk? 0ufowf½Hk? qdwfowf½HkawG tBuD;tus,fjzpfNyD; EGm;? 0uf? Muuf? iSuf? bJ? qdwfpaom ukef;owå0gawG aoudef;BuD;qdkufawmhrSmyJ[k MuHpnfatmufarhawmfrlNyD;aemuf...

]]OD;yÍöif;wdkY ,ckjrefrmEdkifiHudk ukvm;rsm;tkyfcsKyfawmhrnf?olwdkYtkyfcsKyfvQif ukef;owå0gawGrsm;pGm aoausysufpD;Muvdrfhrnf?ukef;owå0gawGteuf EGm;owå0grsm;onf vlwdkY\toufocifjzpf\? trdozG,f tbozG,fjzpf\? vlwdkYtay:rSm tvGefaus;Zl;rsm;\? odkYtwGuf'DaeYupNyD; EGm;om;udk wynfhawmfvnf; rpm;bl;?udk,fawmfwdkYvnf; rpm;MuygESifh}}[krdefYawmfrl\/

------------------

tvnfvmonf r[kwftvnfvmonf r[kwftvnfvmonf r[kwftvnfvmonf r[kwftvnfvmonf r[kwf

1248-ckESpf? wydkYwGJvjynfhausmf (7)&ufaeYwGif tajcmuftvefYtvGefxl? tpdrf;o&JawGtvGef aygrsm;? tvGefMurf;wrf;aom v,fwDawmodkY <uvmawmfrlonf/


34b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;tpodkYur®|mef;tm;xkwf&efavsmufywfaom pdwfBudKufae&m

awGUaomtcg twlygvmol OykofonfwdkYtm;...]],ck igvmjcif;um; tvnftywfvmjcif; r[kwf? awm

xGufrnfhtMuHESifh vmcJhonf? rif;wdkYjyefMuayawmh? ig'DawmrSmae&pfawmhrnf/ OD;yÍöif;rsm; (oN*ØK[f OD;0dkif;ausmif;½Sd pmoifom;oHCmawmfrsm;) tm; taMumif;udkom ajymMum;vdkufMuayawmh}}[k rdefYawmfrl\/

----------------

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1270-jynfhESpfwGif ykodrfNrdKUwdkY<uawmfrlí [dkufpul;ausmif;BuD;wGif w&m;a[majymvsuf½Sd&m? wnOfhaomtcg q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u w&m;emcHjzpfol armifpHausmftm;...

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35b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;tpodkYvlawmfvlaumif; vljrwf vlorwf-[kyifhajr§muf csD;usL;avw,f?wdkYjrefrmvlrsdK;rSm jrefrmvdkwdusrSefuefpGmjyefqdkí jrefrmem;rSmuGufuGufuGif;uGif; xif;ueJ vif;ueJ-0if;ueJ ½Sif;ueJ jrifvHk;xGm;atmif jrefrmqefqef bmomjyefudef;BuD; vdkaew,fuGJU-

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----------------

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37b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;tpodkYjyKvkyfcJh&onf/

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41b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;tpodkYtoHk;taqmifawGu rnfrQ[k pm&if;tif;ESifhwuG a&wGufMuNyD; tkef;tkef;usufusuf qlnHum csufjyKwfaMumfavSmfí 0dkif;BuD;zGJUNyD; pm;vm;aomufvm;ESifhwpfvudk;wpfwif; tcsdefawGjzKef;vsufaevdkufMuwm igrSmab;uaeí olwdkYtpm; tcsdefawGESajrmvdkufwm/ tJonfwkef;u þvdktcsdefjzKef; udpörsdK;awGudk rsufESmaMum rwnfhcJhbl;/

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43b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;tpodkYtJ'gaMumifh tusdK;ay; rxufoefMuwm}} [krdefYawmfrlonf/

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]]awmifwGif;BuD;NrdKUtaMumif;udk a½S;uyif od½Sdaomfvnf;pmawGUjzifhom vGrf;ae&onf/ ,ckawmhjzifh igawGUjzpfae&NyD/rdausmif;&Jqdyfurf;upNyD; awmifwGif;BuD;NrdKUtxd ykcH k;jzif hxrf;aqmifyifh,lvmvdkufMuwm rnOf;rñIMuyJ ZGJowådaumif;Muygay&JU? a½S;u omoem0if &mZ0if? ajymifcJhMuwJh cifBuD;aysmf?cifBuD;ajymif? ½SifOwårausmf ponfwdk Ytjyif NrdKUvkvifpm;a½Tva&mif rif;BuD;wdkYqdkwm awmifwGif;om; olausmfvlarmfvlaZmfawGyJuGJU? awmifwGif;BuD;ajrudku blrdeufoefrSefygayw,f?awmifwGif;BuD;ajray:rSm aygufzGm;MuwJhyk*¾dKvfawG[m yk*¾dKvfcRefyk*¾dKvfvGef yk*¾dKvfrGefawGom rsm;MuowJh/ odkYtwGuf a½S;rqGu


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1270-jynfhESpfcefYu jzpfonf/ ykodrfNrdKUausmif;'g,dumBuD;OD;wufjzdK;\ yifhavQmufcsuft& edaj*m"ukef; armif;axmifwdkufwGif oDwif;oHk;aeawmfrlcdkuf q&mawmfOD;y'kr\ qGrf;'g,dumrwpfa,muf v,fwDq&mawmfBuD; ajcawmf&if;odkY a&muf½SdvmNyD; t½Sifbk&m;a&;awmfrlaom #DumBuD;ü r½Sif;rvif;aomtcsufwpfckudk avQmufyg&ap[k cGifhawmif;&m...

q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u ]][Jh...'g,dumr('g,um)eifESifhigh#DumBuD;t&mvm; oGm;[Jh..trdkufr}}[k aigufief; armif;rJawmfrlav\/

wqdwf½S dvQif v,fwDwqdwf½S dvQif v,fwDwqdwf½S dvQif v,fwDwqdwf½S dvQif v,fwDwqdwf½S dvQif v,fwD

¤if;aemuf q&mawmfOD;y'kr\ 'umoHk;av;a,mufa&mufvmjyefNyD;..q&mawmfbk&m;onf EGm;owå0gwdkY\ toufab;udk umuG,fapmifha½Smufawmfrlw,fvdkY od&ygw,f? 0ufowå0g? qdwfowå0g? Muufowå0g? iSufowå0gwdkY\ toufab;udkrumuG,f rapmifha½Smufawmhbl;vm;? EGm;owå0gudk csrf;omap?tjcm;owå0gawGudkawmh vspfvsL½Ixm;jcif;onf q&mawmfbk&m;\ arwåmawmf rnDrQbJ wpfzufowf jzpfraebl;vm; [kavQmufxm;Mu&m...


45b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;tpodkYq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u tuJBuD;NyD; ]]at; [kwfw,f

uG...ighrSmawmh 'g,dumwdkY odwJhtwdkif;yJ ½Gm½dk;? NrdKU½dk;avQmufNyD;w&m;vJ a[m&ao;w,f? tEÅ&m,fudkvJ jidrf;pJatmif jyKvkyf&ao;w,f? tJonftxJu EGm;wpfrsdK;avmufom qGJoGm;Edkifw,f?<uif;usefwJh 0uf? qdwf? Muuf? iSufwdkYudkawmh 'g,dumwdkY&JU q&mawmfawG½Sdom;yJ/

Oyrm...ta½SUausmif;q&mawmfu 0uftwGufajymvQiftaemufausmif;q&mawmfu qdwf? ajrmufausmif;q&mawmfuMuuf? awmifausmif;q&mawmfu iSufponfjzifh a[majymoGm;MuvQif wd&pämef owå0gawG ukefa&mayghuG,f? ,ckawmh'g,dumwdkYu 'Dvdkr[kwfMubJ wqdwf½Sd v,fwD? w&m;a[mp&m½SdvQif v,fwD? tJonfvdk txJu wwftm;trQ EGm;wpfrsdK;udkom ajy;&if;vTm;&if; qGJoGm;Edkifw,f? tJ'gaMumifh 'g,dumwdkYudk;uG,fwJhq&mawmfwdkYudkvnf; <uif;usefaeao;wJh 0uf qdwfMuuf iSufwdkYtwGuf w&m;a[mxGufawmfrlMuygOD;[k cyfwif;wif;avQmufMu&rnf[k}} rdefYawmfrl\/

oHCmhuRef jzpfvd konfoHCmhuRef jzpfvd konfoHCmhuRef jzpfvd konfoHCmhuRef jzpfvd konfoHCmhuRef jzpfvd konf

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46b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;tpodkYNrdKUwGif;odkY a&mufvQif qGrf;rcHrD bkef;awmfBuD;OD;oDv? OD;eErmvmwdkY oDwif;oHk;&m ausmif;odkYoGm;í ajcaq;a&? rsufESmopfa&ponfESifhtjcm; 0wfBuD;0wfi,frsm;udkvnf; jyKawmfrl\/ uEkwHaq;jcif;? a&tdk;wnfjcif;paom 0wfrsm;udk ausmif;toD;oD;üwpfvSnfhpDjyKavh½Sd\/ tcsdKUausmif;xdkif q&mawmfwdkYu ]]v,fwDbkef;BuD; 'DvdkrvkyfygeJY? tm;emygonf}} ponfajymqdk wm;jrpfaomtcg-

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olemjyKwm0ef vGefausyGefolemjyKwm0ef vGefausyGefolemjyKwm0ef vGefausyGefolemjyKwm0ef vGefausyGefolemjyKwm0ef vGefausyGef

wpfcsdefwGif v,fwDwdkuf½Sd ausmif;wpfausmif;ü &[ef;wpfyg; 0rf;a&m*gjzpfyGm;&m twlaeoDwif;oHk;azmfrsm; ruyf0Hh½SdaeMuonf/ xdkpOf ]]wynfhwdkYaMumuf½THUaeMuvQif tjcm;ausmif;wdkY ajymif;a½TUaeMu? olem&[ef;udk igjyKpkaytHh}}[krdefYawmfrl\/

0rf;a&m*g½Sif&[ef;\ rpiftvl;vl; vdrf;uyfaeaomouFef;ESifhapmifwdkYudk avQmfzGyf&ef a&wGif;odkY ,laqmifawmfrllcJh&mavQmfzGyf&eftwGuf wGefYqkwfae\/ xdktcdkufpdwfudk tm;wif;awmfrlNyD; [,f-pdwf? ightm;vSnfhpm;oavm[k ½kwfcsnf;rpifvl;aeaom


47b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;tpodkYouFef;ESifhapmifwdkYjzifh rdrdudk,fudkyGwfwdkufum a&wGif;teD;rSmyifavQmfzGyfav\/

,if;*dvmEky|mu0wf jyKrlESifhpyfvsOf;í-]]ighuG,f pHausmif;wdkufxJaepOfwkef;u uEkwHaq;? uk#Dtdrfa&avmif;? rrmrusef;&[ef;rsm;\ usifBuD;ayusHvl;aewJh ouFef;awGzGyfavQmfay;?tJ'DvdkvkyfvmcJhwm tjrJudkyJa[h? vlrrmrjyKpk&wmMumavawmh[dk-armifyÍöif;av;&JU ouFef;ESifhapmifawGudk igu ½GHovdkvdkjzpfrdw,f? pdwfaygufayguf½Sdavawmh usifBuD;awG½TJNyD; vufxJrSm½SdwJhouFef;eJY ighwpfudk,fvHk; twif;yGwfwdkufNyD; od'¨dwifvdkufawmhrS ighpdwfxJ½THwJh pdwfaysmufoGm;awmhw,fa[h}} rdefYawmfrl\/

avScGufcsnf;usef tvHrvJavScGufcsnf;usef tvHrvJavScGufcsnf;usef tvHrvJavScGufcsnf;usef tvHrvJavScGufcsnf;usef tvHrvJwpfAd kvfxJ usefaomfvJwpfAd kvfxJ usefaomfvJwpfAd kvfxJ usefaomfvJwpfAd kvfxJ usefaomfvJwpfAd kvfxJ usefaomfvJ

1269-ckESpf? aemufydkif;wGif v,fwDy@dw ESifh wuGq&mawmfBuD;\ wynfhtoD;oD;wdkY ra½S;raESmif; a½SUaemufvlxGufMuaomtcg rEÅav;NrdKU r[m0dok'g½Hkq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;uatmufyg*gxmudk a&;NyD; v,fwDq&mawmfxH ay;ydkYawmfrl\/

,xmyd Av0g ca*¾g? Ou©dy yk&awm Xdaw/ypäma* ykawåm rma&wd? wxmaxa&m ydxmr0g/

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48b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;tpodkYom;orD;wdkYudk aoapbdouJhodkY? xdkYtwl AvcGeftm;BuD;rm;oefpGrf;í urÇmrqefYatmif ysHUESHUxifay:onfh v,fwDrax&fausmfonfvnf; aemufüruGm vdkufygukefaom wynfhom;wdkYudkaoapav\/

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v,fwDq&mawmfBuD;onf wynfhBuD;rsm; vlxGufoGm;aomfvnf; omoemjyKvkyfief;ud k qufvufaqmif&GufNrJaqmif&Gufawmfrl\/ e,fvSnfhí w&m;a[mjrJa[mawmfrl\/xdktaMumif;udk refvnfq&mawmfMum;awmfrlaomtcg ]]tif;-MuHUBuD;wpfaumifawmh oGm;jyefNyD? w&m;a[mjrJ a[maew,f?aemufu om;b,fESpfaumifrsm; aoavrnfrod}}[krdefYawmfrl\/

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49b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;tpodkYyxrausmf OD;BuD;az tm; rdef Y Mum;aomyxrausmf OD;BuD;az tm; rdef Y Mum;aomyxrausmf OD;BuD;az tm; rdef Y Mum;aomyxrausmf OD;BuD;az tm; rdef Y Mum;aomyxrausmf OD;BuD;az tm; rdef Y Mum;aom

rdef Yc Ge f;awmfrsm;rde f Yc Ge f;awmfrsm;rde f Yc Ge f;awmfrsm;rde f Yc Ge f;awmfrsm;rde f Yc Ge f;awmfrsm;

1283-ck? 1284-ckESpfrsm;wGif v,fwDq&mawmfBuD;onfysOf;rem;NrdKU olaX; OD;vef;wdkufü cwåoDwif;oHk;aeawmfrlonf/xdkpOf uHOD;ausmif;wGif pmcsvsuf½Sdaom pmcsbkef;BuD; OD;ynmoDv(yxrausmfOD;BuD;az)onf q&mawmfxHBuD;xH rMumrMumoGm;a&mufqnf;uyfavh½Sdonf/ qnf;uyfvmwdkif; q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u pyfrdpyf&m tqHk;trMo0g'rsm; ay;awmfrlonf/

o'¨gwwfcsif ½lyod'¨ doifo'¨gwwfcsif ½lyod'¨ doifo'¨gwwfcsif ½lyod'¨ doifo'¨gwwfcsif ½lyod'¨ doifo'¨gwwfcsif ½lyod'¨ doif

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tbd"mefonf usufpmr[kwftbd"mefonf usufpmr[kwftbd"mefonf usufpmr[kwftbd"mefonf usufpmr[kwftbd"mefonf usufpmr[kwf

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50b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;tpodkYavQmufxm;&m q&mawmfu-

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ykPÖm;wynfh rvkyfEd ki fykPÖm;wynfh rvkyfEd ki fykPÖm;wynfh rvkyfEd ki fykPÖm;wynfh rvkyfEd ki fykPÖm;wynfh rvkyfEd ki f

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51b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;tpodkYawmhr,f? ouú#pmoifNyD; ykPÖm;wynfh rvkyfawmhbl;[kpdwfqHk;jzwfum roifvdkawmhbJ ouú#pmtkyfawG tukefvHk;vTifhypfvdkufwmyJuGJU}}[krdefYawmfrl\/

okwåefESif h tbd"r®mokwåefESif h tbd"r®mokwåefESif h tbd"r®mokwåefESif h tbd"r®mokwåefESif h tbd"r®m

wpfaeYaomtcg OD;ynmoD[onf v,fwDq&mawmfBuD;xHqnf;uyfí wynfhawmf tbd"r®mudk Munfh½Iavhvmaomfvnf;oabmrusomawGrsm;ygonfbk&m;-[kavQmufxm;jyef&mq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u-]]tif;...rif; okwåefudk ravhvmbJudk;?okwåefudk Munfh½IavhvmvQif okwåefrSm tbd"r®mESifhqdkif&mawGudky&d,m,ftrsdK;rsdK; OyrmtrsdK;rsdK;eJ Y a[mxm;wmawGU&r,f?tJ'Dawmh okwåefudkMunfh½IavhvmvQif tbd"r®mudk oabmusvmvdrfhr,f}}[k trdefY½Sdawmfrlav\/

ypönf;Nyd Ki fESif hpyfí rdef YawmfrlyH kypönf;Nyd Ki fESif hpyfí rdef YawmfrlyH kypönf;Nyd Ki fESif hpyfí rdef YawmfrlyH kypönf;Nyd Ki fESif hpyfí rdef YawmfrlyH kypönf;Nyd Ki fESif hpyfí rdef YawmfrlyH k

wpfaeYaomtcg ypönf;ydkif;ESifhpyfí wynfhawmfypönf;NydKifudkq&mYxHoif,lcJhaomfvnf; oabmrusEdkifyg? tvGef½IyfaxG;aeygonfbk&m;[k avQmufxm;jyef&m q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u...tif; rcufygbl;uG,f? rif;ckusuf ckaMuaMunufnuf&vQifoabmusvmvdrfhrnf[k trdefY½Sdawmfrl\/

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oN*ØK[fusrf;[m usOf;usOf;av;eJYaumif;wJhusrf;pmuGJU?pHkvJpHkw,f? odkYaomfvJ oN*ØK[fusrf;pmawG rD;avmifukefvdkY wpfenf;


52b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;tpodkYenf;eJY ysufpD;ukefvdkY wpftkyfrSr½Sdbl;qdkygawmh? oN*ØK[fusrf;pmvdkcsif&if wdkYqD pm&GufeJYcJwH,lcJh? onfoN*ØK[fusrf;xufaumif;wJhpHkwJhoN*ØK[fusrf;udk a&;ay;r,f/

y&rw¬'DyeDESif hpyfí rdef YawmfrlyH ky&rw¬'DyeDESif hpyfí rdef YawmfrlyH ky&rw¬'DyeDESif hpyfí rdef YawmfrlyH ky&rw¬'DyeDESif hpyfí rdef YawmfrlyH ky&rw¬'DyeDESif hpyfí rdef YawmfrlyH k

wpfaeYaomtcg q&mawmfbkk&m;BuD;a&;om;pD&iftyfaomy&rw¬'DyeD(oN*ØK[fr[m#Dumopf) ESifh pyfvsif;í q&mawmfBuD;\y&rw¬'DyeD#Dumukd½Iwfcsum acsmif;OD;u #Dumwpfapmif? wvdkif;ukef;u #Dumwpfapmif? zm;ul;u #Dumwpfapmif? rdk;ndK#Dumwpfapmif? twdokE´&usrf;ponfwdkYudk a&;om;pD&ifMuygonfbk&m;-[kavQmufxm;&m...at;-igh#DumESifhpyfvsif;NyD; #DumawGusrf;pmawGa&;om; pD&ifMuwJhtcg igh#Dumudkacgif;&if;rSmxm;NyD;a&;MurSmyguG,f? aemufMuawmhvJ tJonf#DumawG usrf;pmawGtukefaysmufuG,foGm;NyD;? igh#Dumusef&pfrSmyguG,f-[krdefYawmfrl\/

y&dwf½GwfyH k ½Gwfenf;y&dwf½GwfyH k ½Gwfenf;y&dwf½GwfyH k ½Gwfenf;y&dwf½GwfyH k ½Gwfenf;y&dwf½GwfyH k ½Gwfenf;

y&dwf½GwfyHk ½Gwfenf;ESpfrsdK;½Sdw,fuGJU? usufoa&r*FvmtvdkYiSm odkYr[kwf ukodkvfaumif;rlYtvdkY iSm ½Gwf&wJhtcg om,memaysmfzG,f MunfndKzG,fjzpfatmif½Gwf&w,f? at;tEÅ&m,fuyfqdk;a&m*gqdk; aysmufNidrf;&ef tvdkYiSm ½Gwf&wJhtcg jyif;jyif;xefxef Xmefu½dkPf;usus us,fus,favmifavmif aigufwefaigufNyD; ½Gwf&w,f/ aysmhnhHnHh an§mifn§dn§deJY½GwfaevQif bkwf?Nydwåm? wapä? tpdrf;? ol&JawGb,faMumufrSmvJuGJU/ ig wpfcgu


53b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;tpodkYw&m;a[m&if; 'umBuD;wpfa,muf ol&JBuD;yl;wJhtwGuf? vmyifhvdkYvdkufoGm;NyD; acgif;&if;u aqmifhaMumifhxdkifum rsufESmudkvufñdI;eJYxdk;NyD;vQif]]emnMw aAmZÑmwyom}} *gxmudk jyif;jyif;xefxef aigufNyD; ½Gwfvdkufawmh ol&JBuD;[m wpfcgwnf; xGufajy;wmyJvdkY vlrrmudk,fwdkifu ajymvdkY od&w,f? vlrrmvJ wpfcgwnf;aeaumif;oGm;wmyJ/

tEÅ&m,fuif; ur®0gzwfenf;tEÅ&m,fuif; ur®0gzwfenf;tEÅ&m,fuif; ur®0gzwfenf;tEÅ&m,fuif; ur®0gzwfenf;tEÅ&m,fuif; ur®0gzwfenf;

a[h...&yfxJ ½GmxJ uyfqdk;a&m*gqdk;awG usa&mufvmwJhtcg tEÅ&m,fuif; ur®0gzwfvQif ½dk;½dk;pmn§if;a&;xm;wJhpuúLur®0g? ayur®0gawGeJY rzwfeJY? bkwfçNydwåmçwapäç tpdrf;çol&JraMumufbl;uGJU? 0wfvJur®0gBuD;awGzwf? 0wfvJur®0gBuD;wGua½Ta&mifwvufvufeJY pmvHk;eufBuD;awGjrifvQif rzwfcifuwefcdk;ao;wJh bkwf? Nydwåm? wapä? tpdrf;? ol&JawG[maMumufvdkYajy;ukefMua&muGJU? zwfwJhtcgMuawmhvJ wefcdk;ao;wJh bkwf?Nydwåm? wapä? tpdrf;? ol&JawGtukef ajy;ukefyga&muGJU? olwdkYajy;ukefawmh uyfqdk;a&m*gqdk;BuD;awG aysmufukefwmaygh/

rD;c d k ; <uufavQmufrD;c d k ; <uufavQmufrD;c d k ; <uufavQmufrD;c d k ; <uufavQmufrD;c d k ; <uufavQmuf

1272-ckESpf? wydkYwGJUvwGif ppfudkif;wpfNrdKUvHk; yvdyfuyfa&m*g tBuD;tus,fjzpfí v,fwDq&mawmfudk 'g,umrsm;yifhvmMuonf/ ppfudkif;NrdKUodkY a&mufaomtcg 'g,umrsm;udk]]rif;wdkYNrdKU½SdoHCmrsm; y&dwf½Gwfjcif;? ur®0gzwfjcif;jyKvkyfí


54b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;tpodkYtEÅ&m,fudk rckcHMubl;vm;}}...[kar;awmfrl\/ 'g,umrsm; uy&dwfudkvnf; ½Gwfyg\/ ur®0gudkvnf; zwfMuyg\/ zwfaomfvnf;tEÅ&m,fraysmufNidrf;yg[k avQmufxm;Muonf/

xdktcg q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u...rif;wdkY y&dwf½Gwf? ur®0gzwf&ef oHCmrsm;udk yifhvQif owdxm;&rnf/ EGm;om;pm;aombkef;BuD; rygap&? EGm;om;pm;aom yg;pyfBuD;ESifh okPmwk arbaEÅ oHaCm [kzwfvdkufonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf yg;pyfu EGm;om;eHYBuD; wac:avmufa&mufatmif uif;axmufoGm;onf/ xdktcgbDvl; obufawGu EGm;om;teHYudk rD;cdk;<uufavQmuf vdkufvmwwfonf[k rdefYawmfrl\/

ikyfrdoJwd ki f wufEd ki fzsm;a&mufikyfrdoJwd ki f wufEd ki fzsm;a&mufikyfrdoJwd ki f wufEd ki fzsm;a&mufikyfrdoJwd ki f wufEd ki fzsm;a&mufikyfrdoJwd ki f wufEd ki fzsm;a&muf

vkyfief;udpöESifhpyfí bmyJvkyfvkyf tvkyfwpfckvkkyfvQifrSm;wwfw,fa[h rSm;wwfw,f[? tJ'gaMumifh rrSm;&atmifrvkyfcifu q&morm;ESifhavQmufxm;wdkifyif? odkYr[kwf oDwif;oHk;azmfoHk;zuf rdwfaqGo*F[rsm;eJYaqG;aEG;wdkifyif? odkYr[kwf ynmtajrmftjrif½SdwJh wynfhBuD;rsm;ESifhaqG;aEG;wdkifyif? udk,fwdkifuvJMuyfMuyfpOf;pm;rSm;wwfw,faemf/ at;...tm;vHk; aqG;aEG;wdkifyifpOf;pm;NyD;awmh tvkyfawmhjzifhrSefw,f vkyfawmhr,fqHk;jzwfNyD; vkyfNyDa[h? vkyfawmhrSm;NyDuG? tJ'DrSm ynmoD[a&aemufrqkwf ygeJY[? olwpfyg;awGuJh&JUwm *½krpdkufeJY? rSm;avvkyfav vkyf[? aemufawmh vkyf&if;rSefvmvdrfhr,f[k rdefYawmfrl\/


55b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;tpodkYt*¾r[my@dwbGJUESif hpyfí rdef YawmfrlyH kt*¾r[my@dwbGJUESif hpyfí rdef YawmfrlyH kt*¾r[my@dwbGJUESif hpyfí rdef YawmfrlyH kt*¾r[my@dwbGJUESif hpyfí rdef YawmfrlyH kt*¾r[my@dwbGJUESif hpyfí rdef YawmfrlyH k

1277-ckESpf wefaqmifrkef;vqef; (1)&uf (7-11-1915)we*FaEGaeYwGif t*Fvdyfrif;vufxuf jrefrmEdkifiH\ t*¾r[my@dwbJGUwHqdyfawmfESifh pyfvsOf;í wpfaeYoü omoemydkifxHrSt*¾r[my@dw bGJUwHqdyfudk udk,fwdkifvma&muf ,l&rnf[ktrdefYvTmudk &½Sdaomtcg q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u...jynfydkiftpdk;&rif;wdkYu rnfuJhodkY ynmt&nftcsif;½Sdaom yk*¾dKvfwdkYtm;rnfuJhodkYaom bGJUwHqdyfcsD;jr§ifhoifhonf[k a½G;cs,fay;yg&efigwdkYxHodkY avQmufvTmwpfapmifa&muf½Sdvmí igwdkYa½G;cs,fay;vdkufaom t*¾r[my@dwbGJUudk xl;xl;qef;qef;vkyfí udk,fwdkifvma&muf,l&rnf[k omoemydkiftrdefYoHjyif;vS acs&JU? igwdkYr,lvdk[k rdefYawmfrlNyD; rEÅav;NrdKUrS tif;0bufodkY w&m;a[m<uoGm;awmfrl\/

oknESif h 0vHk;oknESif h 0vHk;oknESif h 0vHk;oknESif h 0vHk;oknESif h 0vHk;

1271-ckESpf jzpfonf/ v,fwDq&mawmfonf omaygif;ü0guyfí w&m;a[mawmfrlonf/ yJcl;üw&m;a[mpOf Zmwfq&mOD;zdk;pdefwdkYZmwfyGJESifh MuHKMudKufae&m OD;zdk;pdefonf Zmwfujcif;udk&yfem;í q&mawmfBuD;\w&m;udk ZmwfolZmwfom;rsm;ESifhtwlem,lavonf/ OD;zdk;pdefZmwfxJwGif pmayA[kokw jynfh0aompma&;q&mBuD; OD;zD;qdkolygvmonf/ OD;zD;onf pmwwfaywwfyk*¾dKvfwpfa,muf jzpfavonf/ v,fwDq&mawmf\w&m;udk


56b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;tpodkY(7)Mum;NyD;í &if;ESD;vmaomtcg oknESifh0vHk; rnfodkYjcm;em;rI ½Sdr½Sd avQmufxm; ar;jref;avonf/

xdktcg v,fwDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u ]]a[h armifzD; okneJY0vHk; jcm;em;rI[m rifhcEmudk rSefa½SU rSmxm;NyD; MunfhovdkyJa[h[krdefYawmfrlvdkufonf/

awbkr®m ESif h v,fwDq&mawmfawbkr®m ESif h v,fwDq&mawmfawbkr®m ESif h v,fwDq&mawmfawbkr®m ESif h v,fwDq&mawmfawbkr®m ESif h v,fwDq&mawmf

awbkr®mESifh ZmwdtmPm "r®*Dw ,dk;',m;oDcsif; tygt0if oDcsif;BuD; oDcsif;cefY rsm;pGma&;om;cJhaom r[m*Dwaygif;csKyf usrf;jyKq&mBuD; OD;jyHK;csdKqdkonfrSm 1240-jynfhzGm;?usdKufvwfNrdKUom;jzpfonf/ usdKufvwfOD;jyHK;csdK[k xif½Sm;onf/usdKufvwfNrdKUwGif arG;zGm;aomfvnf; rdbrsdK;½dk;rSm tnmZmwdjzpfonf/ ukef;abmifacwf bBuD;awmfvufxuf AefYusDudk;wdkufudkpm;&onfh AefYusD0ef OD;a½T½kyfonf OD;jyHK;csdK\ ab;awmfpyfonf/

OD;jyHK;csdKonf touf 31-ESpft½G,f (1271) wGif awbkr®moDcsif;BuD;udk a&;onf/ "r®*Dw qdkonfhtwdkif; ("ar®e y#doH,kwåH*DwH "r®*DwH) "r®aMumif;ESifhrsm;pGm qufEG,faeaom oDcsif;BuD;jzpfonf/ eufvJ eufeJonf? cufvJ cufcJonf/ awmf½Hk wef½Hkbmoma&; tod½Sdolrsm;qdkwwfzdkYrajymESifh? zwfwwfzdkYyif tvGefcJ,Of;ayrnf/

xdkpOfu &efukefNrdKUwGif ynmtvif; owif;pmrSm tvGefvlBudKufrsm;vsuf ½Sdonf/ jrefrmtrItwdkif;yif v,fwDy@dwOD;armif;BuD;u wm0ef,lonf/ acwfpmaybufwGif q&myDrdk;eif;?


57b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;b,0demou'DyeDusrf;tpodkYq&ma½T? OD;ykBuD;? OD;ykuav;? trfbdk;csdefwdkYu wm0ef,lonf/

ynmtvif; owif;pmwdkufydkif½Sif OD;wifESifha':qifhwdkYrSmbmoma&;bufwGif vGefpGmudkif;½Idif;Muonf/ v,fwDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\ Mo0g'cH oHcdyfukr®m&Dtoif;wGif a':qifhrSm tzGJUacgif;aqmif wm0ef,lxm;&onf/ ynmtvif;wdkufwGif we*FaEGaeYwdkif;vdkyif q&mawmfBuD;rsm;udk qGrf;uyfvSL'gef;avh½Sdonf/w&m;pum;rsm;udkvnf; avQmufxm;aqG;aEG;avh½Sdonf/

wpfaeYwGif q&mawmfBuD;rsm;ESifh tbd"r®mw&m; aqG;aEG;qJwGif t,f'DwmwpfOD;u awbkr®moDcsif;ud k oDqd k jy&mq&mawmfBuD;u þoDcsif;rnfola&;oenf;[k ar;onf/ usdKufvwf OD;jyHK;csdKa&;ygonf [k avQmufxm;aomtcg q&mawmfBuD;u'Dvl[mvlawmfyJ? rif;wdkY owif;pmwdkufrSm olUudkac:NyD;cefYMu?'DvdkvlrsdK;[m vlwpfaomif;rSm wpfa,muf½SdzdkY cJ,Of;w,f[krdefYMum;onf/

rdk;*sme,f1995? 'DZifbmv

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1 (11) - Thitsarparami Dhamma Society · b,0demou'DyeDusrf; rmwdum ed'gef; r[m0ift|uxm rdefYqdkcsuf...

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Transcript of 1 (11) - Thitsarparami Dhamma Society · b,0demou'DyeDusrf; rmwdum ed'gef; r[m0ift|uxm rdefYqdkcsuf...