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1. Three fatty acids are shown below. Which fatty acid has the highest melting point?Linoleic Acid CH3(CH2)4CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COOHStearic Acid CH3(CH2)14COOHOleic Acid CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7COOH

a. Stearic acid b. Linoleic acid c. Oleic acid d. You cannot rank melting points from the structures alone.

3. Three fatty acids are shown below. Which fatty acid has the lowest melting point?Linoleic Acid CH3(CH2)4CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COOHStearic Acid CH3(CH2)16COOHOleic Acid CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7COOH

a. Linoleic acid b. Stearic acid c. Oleic acid d. You cannot rank melting points from the structures alone.

2. Consider the condensed structural formula of oleic acid:

a. Why is this substance an acid?b. How many carbon atoms are in oleic acid?c. Is it a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid?d. Is it most likely to be solid or liquid at room temperature?e. Would it be soluble in water?

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4. If this molecule reacts with a strong base such as NaOH, what would the products be?

a. an ester and fatty acids b. glycerol and aldehydes c. glycerol and fatty acids d. glycerol and salts of fatty acids

5. Hydrogenation of glyceryl trioleate, a triacylglycerol made from three oleic acids and glycerol, converts a. the ester group to a ketone group. b. the ester group to a carboxylic acid group. c. the ester group into the alkene group. d. the alkene group into an alkane group.

6. Hydrolysis of glyceryl trioleate, a triacylglycerol made from three oleic acids and glycerol, a. converts the triacylglycerol to a tri-ester. b. converts the triacylglycerol to a diacylglycerol and a fatty acid. c. converts the triacylglycerol to a saturated triacylglycerol. d. converts the triacylglycerol to glycerol and three fatty acids.

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7. What lipid is composed of glycerol, fatty acid, phosphate and an amino alcohol? Triacylglycerols Glycerophospholipids Waxes Steroids

8. What type of lipid contains a carbohydrate?

Triacylglycerols Glycerophospholipids Glycosphingolipids Steroids

9. Write the equation for the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme lipase that hydrolyzes trilaurin (glyceryl trilaurate) during the digestion process.

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10. Identify each as a: A. fatty acid B. triacylglycerolC. amino alcohol D. glycerophospholipid

1. glyceryl trioleate 2. cephalin 3. choline4. palmitic acid

11. Identify the components and type of glycerophospholipid O ║CH2−O −C −(CH2)16 −CH3

O ║CH2−O −C −(CH2)16 −CH3

+

O NH3

│║CH2−O −P −O − CH2−CH−COO-

│ O-

12. This steroid stimulates reabsorption of Na+ by the kidneys. Testosterone Aldosterone Estrogen Cortisone

13. This steroid increases the blood glucose and glycogen levels in the body. Cortisone bile salts Testosterone Estrogen

14. Which fused ring system is the backbone of the steroid class of lipids?

15. Which lipoprotein moves cholesterol to the liver? HDL LDL VLDL

16. Which statement(s) is true? Polar proteins and phospholipids are on the outer surface of lipoproteins and triacylglycerols are on the inside of lipoproteins.

Lipoproteins have a polar outer surface. Lipids are transported through the body by lipoproteins. All statements are true.

17. Identify each as a 1. fatty acid 2. steroid 3. Triacylglycerol4. phospholipid 5. sphingolipid

A. cholesterolB. glycerol, 2 fatty acids, phosphate, and cholineC. glyceryl tristearateD. sphingosine, fatty acid, phosphate, and cholineE. estradiolF. bile saltsG. lipids in plasma membranes

18. The general structure of a lipoprotein contains:

a. spherical-shaped structures having an outside layer of phospholipids and proteins surrounding an inner core of hundreds of nonpolar lipids and cholesterol esters

b. a lipid bilayer having both polar and nonpolar groups, proteins, and cholesterol c.spherical-shaped structures having an outside layer of phospholipids and proteins, surrounding an inner core of

hundreds of polar lipids and cholesterol esters d. a lipid bilayer having both polar and nonpolar groups, proteins, and glycosphingolipid

19. All of the following describe high-density lipoproteins except:

a. are considered good cholesterol b. have the greatest abundance of proteins c. carry triacylglycerols from the intestines to the fat cells d. transport cholesterol to the liver