1 1 6 6 C H A P T E R Stretching and Warm-Up. Chapter Outline Warm-up Types of stretching ...
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Transcript of 1 1 6 6 C H A P T E R Stretching and Warm-Up. Chapter Outline Warm-up Types of stretching ...
Chapter Outline
Warm-up
Types of stretching
FlexibilityFactors affecting flexibility
Frequency, duration, and intensity of stretching
When should an athlete stretch?
Proprioceptors and stretching
A proper warm-up is specific to the sport or
activity, and stretching is an integral part of any
warm-up. The warm-up prepares the athlete for
practice or competition and decreases the risk
of injury by improving the flexibility of a muscle.
-Raise internal body temperature first to
decrease chance of injury.
-General vs. Specific warm-up p.322
Flexibility
Why do we need flexibility in sport?
Range of Motion Static Flexibility – passive movement; range of
possible movement around a joint; no muscle activity- a person/machine/gravity provides the force to stretch the muscle
Dynamic Flexibility - active movement; voluntary muscle actions to gain flexibility
Factors Affecting Flexibility
Joint structure – Shoulder/Hip vs Wrist vs Knee
Activity level
Age and sexConnective tissue – elasticity vs. plasticity
Weight training with limited range of motion
Muscle bulk
Frequency, Duration, and Intensity of Stretching
Each practice session should be preceded by 5 to 6 minutes of general warm-up and 8 to 12 minutes of sport-specific stretching.
Individual stretches should be held to the point of mild discomfort, but not pain, for 30 seconds.
Sessions should conclude with 4 to 5 minutes of stretching.
When Should an Athlete Stretch?
Before practice and competition - read p 324
Following practice and competition –read p. 324
Proprioceptors and Stretching
Muscle Spindle and Stretch Reflex – sudden rapid stretch tells the muscle to respond with a stretch reflex and contract the muscle which will decrease the amount of stretch; Ballistic stretching causes this so you want to static stretch
GTO – reflexive relaxation autogenic inhibition vs reciprocal inhibitionRead p. 324
Types of Stretching
Active vs. Passive Stretching
Static stretch – Hold for 30 sec; safe and easy to learn; appropriate for all athletes
Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretch
Types - Hold Relax – Fig 16.3-16.5; Contract Relax – Fig 16.6-16.8; Hold Relax with Agonist contraction – Fig 16.9-16.11
Ballistic stretch – bouncing; avoid; triggers the stretch reflex
Dynamic stretch – long walking strides; ER of shoulder for BSB or SB or VB
General Stretches p. 331-341
Know how to perform stretches and muscles being stretched for mini-exam on Monday
Passive Pre-Stretch of Hamstrings During Hold-Relax PNF Hamstring StretchPassive Pre-Stretch of Hamstrings During Hold-Relax PNF Hamstring Stretch
Isometric Action During Hold-Relax PNF Hamstring StretchIsometric Action During Hold-Relax PNF Hamstring Stretch
Increased ROM During Passive Stretch of Hold-Relax PNF Hamstring StretchIncreased ROM During Passive Stretch of Hold-Relax PNF Hamstring Stretch
Passive Stretch of Hamstring During Contract-Relax PNF StretchingPassive Stretch of Hamstring During Contract-Relax PNF Stretching
Concentric Action of Hip Extensors During Contract-Relax PNF StretchConcentric Action of Hip Extensors During Contract-Relax PNF Stretch
Increased ROM During Passive Stretch at Contract-Relax PNF StretchIncreased ROM During Passive Stretch at Contract-Relax PNF Stretch
Passive Stretch During Hold-Relax With Agonist Contraction PNF Hamstring StretchPassive Stretch During Hold-Relax With Agonist Contraction PNF Hamstring Stretch
Isometric Action of Hamstring During Hold-Relax With Agonist Contraction PNF Hamstring StretchIsometric Action of Hamstring During Hold-Relax With Agonist Contraction PNF Hamstring Stretch
Concentric Contraction of Quadriceps During Hold-Relax With Agonist Contraction PNF Hamstring Stretch Creating Increased ROM During Passive Stretch
Concentric Contraction of Quadriceps During Hold-Relax With Agonist Contraction PNF Hamstring Stretch Creating Increased ROM During Passive Stretch
Partner PNF Stretching for the Quadriceps and Hip FlexorsPartner PNF Stretching for the Quadriceps and Hip Flexors
Stretching Techniques: NeckStretching Techniques: Neck
Rotation of the neck to the right Rotation of the neck to the left
Look Right and Left
Stretching Techniques: NeckStretching Techniques: Neck
Neck flexion Neck extension
Flexion and Extension
Stretching Techniques: Shoulders and ChestStretching Techniques: Shoulders and Chest
Stretching the shoulder joints—standing
Straight Arms Behind Back
Stretching Techniques: Shoulders and ChestStretching Techniques: Shoulders and Chest
Stretching the shoulder joints—seated
Seated Lean-Back
Stretching Techniques: Posterior of Upper ArmStretching Techniques: Posterior of Upper Arm
Stretching the triceps
Behind-Neck Stretch (Chicken Wing)
Stretching Techniques: Upper BackStretching Techniques: Upper Back
Stretching the upper back
Cross Arm in Front of Chest
Stretching Techniques: Upper BackStretching Techniques: Upper Back
Stretching the upper back
Arms Straight Up Above Head (Pillar)
Stretching Techniques: Lower BackStretching Techniques: Lower Back
Stretching the lower back and sides
Spinal Twist (Pretzel)
Stretching Techniques: Lower BackStretching Techniques: Lower Back
Stretching the lower back from a seated position
Semi-Leg Straddle
Stretching Techniques: HipsStretching Techniques: Hips
Stretching the hip flexors
Forward Lunge (Fencer)
Stretching Techniques: HipsStretching Techniques: Hips
Stretching the gluteals and hamstrings
Supine Knee Flex
Stretching Techniques: TorsoStretching Techniques: Torso
Stretching the sides and upper back
Side Bend With Straight Arms
Stretching Techniques: TorsoStretching Techniques: Torso
Stretching the sides, triceps, and upper back
Side Bend With Bent Arm
Stretching Techniques: Anterior of Thigh and Hip FlexorStretching Techniques: Anterior of Thigh and Hip Flexor
Stretching the quadriceps
Side Quadriceps Stretch
Stretching Techniques: Posterior of ThighStretching Techniques: Posterior of Thigh
Stretching the low back, hamstrings, and calves
Sitting Toe Touch
Stretching Techniques: Posterior of ThighStretching Techniques: Posterior of Thigh
Stretching the low back, hamstrings, and calf
Semistraddle (Figure Four)
Stretching Techniques: GroinStretching Techniques: Groin
Stretching the hamstrings and hip adductors
Straddle (Spread Eagle)
Stretching the hamstrings, hip adductors, and lower back