09 egyptians - culture
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Transcript of 09 egyptians - culture
AIM: What were the accomplishments of the Ancient Egyptians?
Do Now: Review – What were the 8 basic characteristics of civilization?
HW: The Ancient Egyptians used their gods to teach lessons to the people. Create a story using some of the Egyptians gods & goddesses we discussed today.
Pyramids
The pyramids were built from LIMESTONELIMESTONE.
The Great Pyramid, built for Pharaoh Khufu, contains over 2 million limestone blocks, each
weighing roughly 2 ½ tons!
As the pyramids still stand today it is easy to see the ancient Egyptians
knowledge in mathematics &
geometry.
The diagram below shows the outside of the Great Pyramid.
The buildings surrounding the pyramid are called MASTABASMASTABAS,
which were tombs that held nobles.
The pyramids in front of the Great Pyramid were built for the Pharaoh’s
Queens.
A temple was built in front of the Great Pyramid to allow daily
rituals, and where offerings were left.
The inside of the pyramid contained many different areas.
• Air Shafts
• King’s Chamber
• Other Chambers
• Grand Gallery
• Queen’s Chamber
• Underground Chamber
The Great SphinxThe Great Sphinx
The Great Sphinx is a large human-headed lion that was
carved from a mound of natural rock. It is located in
Giza where it guards the front of Khafra’s pyramid.
Legends have been told for many years about the Great
Sphinx. These stories tell about the powers & mysteries of the Sphinx. Some people believe that there are hidden
passageways or rooms underneath, but nothing has
been found…. yet!
Mummification: Process of embalming & drying corpses to prevent them from decaying.
Ancient Egyptians believed in an afterlife. They mummified the body so the soul could
return later.
Anubis was the god who watched over
the process of mummifying people
when they died.
After the embalming
procedure, the mummy’s internal
organs were placed in these clay Caponic jars.
As you know, the ancient Egyptians practiced a polytheistic, animistic religion. Here are some of the key
gods of the Egyptian religion. Notice their animalistic qualities.
Next to each god you will see their name, and what they are a god of.
RaRa – the sun god. He was
the most important god of the
ancient Egyptians.
IsisIsis – the protective
goddess. She used powerful magic to help
people in need.
AnubisAnubis – the god of embalming
and the dead.
Osiris – god of the dead, and ruler of
the underworld.
SethSeth – the god of chaos.
AtumAtum – the creator god.
Believed to be the first god to
exist.
SekhmetSekhmet – goddess of
war.
HorusHorus – god of the sky. Protector of the pharaoh.
The earliest form of writing in Egypt were pictographs, like the one you see below. Each picture stood for an idea. For example a picture of a bird would
mean bird.
As time past, the scribes needed to find an easier way of writing. As a result, a newer form of hieroglyphics was formed.
Another innovation came overtime. Papyrus, a paper-like material was developed. Now scribes could write on
a more compact surface, instead of stone or clay.
As the Egyptian civilization declined, any chance of deciphering hieroglyphics was lost….
… That is until the Rosetta Stone was discovered in 1799.
The Rosetta Stone contained a message in 3 different languages:
•Hieroglyphics
•Hieroglyphics (in a simpler form)
•Greek
Finally, in 1822 the stone was deciphered!!