08.Tiempos Verbales

7/31/2019 08.Tiempos Verbales

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Introducción a la Lectura Comprensiva de Inglés Académico para Medicina Veterinaria

FICHA # 8: TI EMPOS VERBALES (formación)

En un curso de lectura comprensiva, la idea de presentar la formación de los tiempos verbales es sólo para

reconocimiento de los mismos en los textos.

El siguiente cuadro muestra, de manera muy sintética y a través de ejemplos, cómo se forman los tiempos verbalesllamados simple en inglés, en sus formas afirmativa, negativa e interrogativa.

SI MPLE PRESENT SI MPLE PAST SI MPLE FUTURE (w ill)

I (You, We, They) need some moretests.(Yo) necesito algunos tests más.

She (He, It ) w orks perfectly in thisenvironment.(Ella) trabaja perfectamente en esteambiente.

How do you (I , we, they) prepare thesamples?¿Cómo preparás (vos) las muestras?DO+ I , WE, THEY+ I NFI NITI VO

What does she ( he, it) measure?¿Qué mide (ella)?DOES+ SHE, HE, I T+I NFI NI TIVO (NO“S”)

They do not ( don´t ) understand thereason.

(Ellos) no comprenden la razón.

DO + NOT + I NFI NITI VO

He does not ( doesn´ t) consider thatvariable at all.(Él) no considera para nada esa variable.DOES + NOT + I NFI NI TI VO (N O “s”)

I worked all night yesterday.(Yo) trabajé toda la noche ayer.VERBOS REGULARES (desinencia –ed)

They took it to the laboratory.(Ellos) lo llevaron al laboratorio.VERBOS I RREGULARES (2º columna,ver siguiente tema de este manual)

What did you bring to the field last week?

¿Qué trajiste al campo (vos) la semanapasada?

DID+ SUJETO+ I NFI NITI VO

We did not (didn’t) believe it.(Nosotros) no lo creímos.DID+ NOT+ VERBO I NFI NI TIVO

She will decide soon.(Ella) decidirá pronto.SUJETO+ WI LL+ I NFI NI TIVO

What will you write in the abstract?¿Qué escribirás (vos) en el abstract ?WI LL+ SUJETO+ I NFI NI TIVO

They will not (w on’t) come untiltomorrow.(Ellos) no vendrán hasta mañana.SUJETO+ WI LL+ NOT+I NFI NI TIVO

SIMPLE CONDI TI ONAL (W OULD)

She would come if she could.(Ella) vendría si pudiera.SUJETO+ WOULD+ VERBO I NF.

What would you do if you were veryrich?¿Qué harías si tuvieras mucho dinero?WOULD+ SUJETO+ VERBO I NF.

They would not live here if it werenot for you.(Ellos) no vivirían aquí si no fuera porvos.SUJ.+ WOULD+ NOT+ VERBO I NF.

1. Encerrá con los verbos en tiempos simple de los siguientes enunciados –excepto to be -

2. Expresálas en español.

Práctica Opcional:

3. Transformálas al negativo y al interrogativo, para lo cual identificá correctamente el actor del

enunciado.

4. Recordá consultar la lista de verbos irregulares para familiarizarte con los infinitivos.

Ej: Zoby and Holmes (1983) reported that with extreme differences in animal size (m ature cows vs stockers vs

calves), bite size values calculated indirectly from estimated herbage intake and total daily bites were different.

Zoby y Holmes informaron que, con extremas diferencias en tamaño del animal, (vacas maduras vs vacas enengorde vs terneros) los valores del tamaño del mordisco, calculados indirectamente a partir de la ingesta dehierba y los mordiscos diarios, eran diferentes.

Zoby and Holmes did not report that …. Did Zoby and Holmes report that …?

1. Vaccines do not always prevent infection.



Tiempos Verbales

2. Apocrine edenomas resemble the secretory region of the apocrine glands.

3. Dry-cow therapy will cure some infections that exist at the t ime of drying off.

4. Basosquamous cell carcinomas do not have a tendency to develop on the head.

5. Equine I nfectious Anemia tends to become an inapparent infection but occasionally results in death.

6. This observation indicates that the relationship of bite size to animal size needs further consideration.

7. Estrogen, by itself, does not contribute to the development of cystic endometrial hyperplasia or pyometra.

8. A neoplasm of intermediate malignancy is locally infiltrative and difficult to excise but does not

metastasize.

9. Canine demodicosis is a common disease in dogs and occurs when large numbers of Demodeex canis mites inhabit hair follicles, sebaceous glands, or apocrine sweat glands.

10. Prevention of new cases of mastitis depends on reducing exposure of uninfected cows to infected cows during milking.




El siguiente cuadro muestra, por su parte, de manera muy sintética y a través de ejemplos también, cómo se

forman los tiempos verbales llamados progressive en inglés, en sus formas afirmativa, negativa e interrogativa.

PRESENT PROGRESSI VE PAST PROGRESSI VE FUTURE PROGRESSI VE

I am analyzing the data now.(Yo) estoy analizando los datosahora.She (He, It) is testing theequipment right now.(Ella) está probando el equipo eneste momento.We (They, You) are controlling theplague.(Nosotros) estamos controlando laplaga.

SUJETO+ AM, I S, ARE+ I NG

What is he ( she, it) preparing?¿Qué está preparando (él)What are you (we, t hey) doingthere?¿Qué estás haciendo (vos) ahí?What am I doing?¿Qué estoy haciendo (yo)?AM, I S, ARE+ SUBJECT+ I NG?

I am not (‘m not) saying that.(Yo) no estoy diciendo eso.He is not (isn’t) looking at thatsample.(Él) no está mirando esa muestra.They are not (aren’t) recording it.(Ellos) no están registrándolo.SUJETO+ AM, I S,ARE+ NOT+ I NG

She (He, I t) was working when theyarrived.(Ella) estaba trabajando cuando (ellos)llegaron.

I , HE, SHE, I T+ WAS+ I NG

You, (We, They) were talking when theclass started.(Vos) estabas conversando cuando la clasecomenzó.YOU, WE, THEY+ WERE+ VERBO+ -I NG

He was not ( wasn’t) reading when thephone rang.

(Él) no estaba leyendo cuando el teléfonosonó.I , HE, SHE, IT+ WAS+ NOT+ I NG

They were not (w eren’t) wat ching thestudents when the accident happened.(Ellos) no estaban observando a losestudiantes cuando ocurrió el accidente.YOU, WE, THEY+ WERE+ NOT+ I NG

Why was she analyzing the samples,instead of you, when I arrived?¿Por qué estaba ella analizando las muestras,y no vos, cuando (yo) llegué?WAS+I , HE, SHE, I T+ I NG?

What were you doing when they arrived?¿Qué estabas haciendo cuando (ellos)llegaron?WERE+ YOU, WE THEY+ I NG?

I will be travelling by the time theyarrive.

SUJETO+ WI LL BE+ I NG

Will you be waiting for us?

WI LL+ SUJETO+ BE+ I NG?

They will not ( won’t) be listening toyou by the time you finish the class.

SUJETO+ WI LL+ NOT+BE+ I NG

CONDITI ONAL PROGRESSI VE

She would be studying here if shecould.SUJETO+ WOULD BE+ I NG

What would you be doing if youwere in the Caribbean now?WOULD+ SUJETO+ BE+ I NG

He would not ( wouldn’t) becomplaining if he knew the reason.SUJ.+ WOULD NOT BE+ I NG

1. Encerrá con las frases verbales de los siguientes enunciados en tiempos progressive o continuos .


Práctica Opcional:


enunciado.

4. Escribí el infinitivo del verbo principal. Recordá consultar la lista de verbos irregulares parafamiliarizarte con los infinitivos.

1. The cow is calving in the pen right now.

2. They are measuring the feed intake.

3. He was isolating the piglets when t hey arrived.

4. We w ere weighing the steers when the bull attacked us.

5. He w ill be examining the fecal samples tomorrow morning in the lab.



Tiempos Verbales

El siguiente y último cuadro muestra, de manera muy sintética y a través de ejemplos, al igual que los anteriores, cómo

se forman los tiempos verbales llamados perfect en inglés, en sus formas afirmativa, negativa e interrogativa.

PRESENT PERFECT PAST PERFECT FUTURE PERFECT

I (You, We They) have already finished.(Yo) ya terminé.

He (She, It) has already started.(Él) ya comenzó.

VERBOS REGULARES:SUJETO+ HAVE/ HAS+ ED

I (You, We, They) have taken a decision.He tomado / Tomé una decisión.

She (He, It) has brought this new idea forus to analyze.(Ella) ha traído / trajo esta nueva idea paraque nosotros la analicemos.

VERBOS I RREGULARES:SUJETO+ HAVE/ HAS+ P ARTI CI PI O: -EDO 3º COLUMNA)

She has not ( hasn’t) finished yet.(Ella) no

They have not ( haven’t) met.

SUJETO+ HAVE/ HAS+ NOT+ PARTICI PI O

What have you used here? Where hasshe failed?

HAVE/ HAS+ SUJETO+ PARTICI PI O

They had collected the samples when itstarted to rain.(Ellos) habían juntado las muestrascuando comenzó a llover.

She had taken everything out before thebuilding collapsed.(Ella) había sacado todo antes de que eledificio se viniera abajo.

SUJETO+ HAD+ PARTI CI PI O

We had not (hadn’t) finished whenthey arrived.(Nosotros) no habíamos terminado cuandoellos llegaron.

SUJETO+ HAD+ NOT+ PARTICI PI O

How many samples had you takenbefore we changed the method?¿Cuántas muestras habías tomado antesde que (nosotros) cambiáramos elmétodo?

HAD+ SUJETO+ PARTI CI PI O

PARTI CI PI O:VERBOS REGULARES:DESI NENCI A –EDVERBOS I RREGULARES:

3º COLUMNA

I will have finished by the time theyarrive.(Yo) habré terminado para cuando (ellos)lleguen.

SUJETO+ WI LL HAVE+ PARTICI PI O

They will not (won’t) have finishedthe career by the time they get married.(Ellos) no habrán terminado la carrerapara cuando se casen.

SUJETO+ WI LL NOT+ PARTI CI PI O

Will you have practiced enough whenthe date of the exam finally arrives?Habrás practicado lo suficiente paracuando llegue la fecha del examen?

WI LL+ SUJETO+ HAVE+ PARTI CI PI O

CONDI TI ONAL PERFECT

We would have understood if youhad explained.SUJ.+ WOULD HAVE+ PARTI CI PI O

The researcher would not(w ouldn’t) have t old you that if hehad known the conditions.SUJ.+ WOULD NOT HAVE+ PART.

How would you have reacted if youhave been in the same situation?WOULD+ SUJ.+ HAVE+ PARTI CI PI O

1. Encerrá con las frases verbales de los siguientes enunciados en tiempos perfect .


Práctica Opcional:


enunciado.4. Escribí el infinitivo del verbo principal. Recordá consultar la lista de verbos irregulares para

familiarizarte con los infinitivos.

1. The infected calves will have died by next Friday.

2. No scient ist has established the origin of canine parvovirus.

3. Use of penicillin in mastitis therapy has led to problems of human health.

4. Variants of the parvovirus have appeared since the disease was first recognized.




5. Before the experiment, these animals had received the regular herd concentrate.

6. Consumer confidence in the safety of food has become a priorit y issue for all the people involved in the food supply chain.

7. Advances in analytical techniques have contributed to awareness and concern about toxic residues.

8. Dry cow therapy has been part of mastitis control since the 1970s and has been one point of the five point control plan.

9. Public concern over the presence of drug residues in edible products of food-producing animals has reached unprecedented heights.

10. I mmunoassay technology has gained rapid acceptance in veterinary and human medicine owing to its

high performance capabilities and versatility in applications.

11. Efforts to induce dairy farmers to make greater use of high-quality pastures and reduce their

dependency on imported concentrates have met with little success.

12. Cert ain countries have banned the use of specific compounds, w hereas other countries on the base of scientific criteria have permitted the continued the use of similar products (e.g., growth promoters are banned in the European Community and permitted in the United States).



Tiempos Verbales

LI STA DE VERBOS I RREGULARES

¿Cómo utilizarla?

La columna INFINITIVE nos da el nombre del verbo, es decir el verbo sin conjugar en ningún tiempo verbal; de esta

columna formamos el simple present agregándole “s ” o “es ” para las terceras personas del singular (he, she, it ).

La columna SI MPLE PAST nos informa acerca de los verbos irregulares en simple past (pretéritos perfecto e indefinido

del español), y la forma que se presenta es la misma para todos los pronombres. No figuran aquí los verbos regulares,

porque su simple past se forma agregando “ed” al infinitivo.

La columna PAST PARTI CI PLE nos informa acerca del pasado participio (terminación –ado -ido del español) de los

verbos irregulares; una vez más, no figuran aquí los verbos regulares porque su pasado participio se forma agregando

“ed” al infinitivo.

Comúnmente se llama “primera columna” a la INFINITIVE, “segunda columna” a la SIMPLE PAST, y “tercera columna” ala PAST PARTICIPLE.

TRADUCCIÓN INFINITIVE SI MPLE PAST PAST PARTI CI PLE

ser/estar:golpear:convertirse, volverse:comenzar:soplar, explotar:romper, estallar:traer:construir:

quemar:comprar:atrapar, tomar:elegir, seleccionar:venir, llegar:cortar:hacer, realizar:dibujar, deslizar, atraer:beber:conducir, manejar:comer:caer:sentir:encontrar, hallar:

volar:olvidar:conseguir, comprar, llegar:dar, otorgar:ir, dirijirse:crecer:tener, haber:oir:esconder, ocultar:golpear:sostener, mantener, llevarse a caboherir, lastimar:mantener, guardar, seguir:

saber, conocer:poner, colocar, recostar:llevar, conducir, liderar:aprender, enterarse:partir, dejar, abandonar:prestar:

be (am, is, are)beatbecomebeginblowbreak bringbuild

burnbuycatchchoosecomecutdodrawdrink driveeatfallfeelfind

flyforgetgetgivegogrowhavehearhidehitholdhurtkeep

knowlayleadlearnleavelend

was/werebeatbecamebeganblewbrokebroughtbuilt

burntboughtcaughtchosecamecutdiddrewdrank droveatefellfeltfound

flewforgotgotgavewentgrewhadheardhidhitheldhurtkept

knewlaidledlearntleftlent

beenbeatenbecomebegunblownbrokenbroughtbuilt

burntboughtcaughtchosencomecutdonedrawndrunk driveneatenfallenfeltfound

flownforgottengottengivengonegrownhadheardhiddenhitheldhurtkept

knownlaidledlearntleftlent




dejar, permitir:yacer, recostarse:alumbrar, encender:perder, extraviar:hacer, realizar:significar, querer decir:encontrarse con, conocerse:equivocarse, errar:pagar, prestar (atención):poner:leer:llamar, sonar:elevarse, levantarse:correr, administrar:decir:ver:vender:enviar:sacudir:brillar:

disparar:mostrar:cerrar:hundir:sentarse:dormir:oler:gastar:untar, esparcir:levantar:robar:golpear:nadar:tomar, llevar:

enseñar:rasgar, romper:narrar, decir, contar:pensar, opinar:arrojar:entender, comprender:despertar:usar (ropa):ganar:escribir:

letlielightlosemakemeanmeetmistakepayputreadringriserunsayseesellsendshakeshine

shootshowshutsink sitsleepsmellspendspreadstandstealstrikeswimtake

teachteartellthink throwunderstandwakewearwinwrite

letlaylitlostmademeantmetmistook paidputreadrangroseransaidsawsoldsentshook shone

shotshowedshutsank satsleptsmeltspentspreadstoodstolestrokeswamtook

taughttoretoldthoughtthrewunderstoodwokeworewonwrote

letlainlitlostmademeantmetmistakenpaidputreadrungrisenrunsaidseensoldsentshakenshone

shotshownshutsunk sitsleptsmeltspentspreadstoodstolenstrickenswumtaken

taughttorntoldthoughtthrownunderstoodwakenwornwonwritten



Tiempos Verbales

Otros tiempos verbales:

PERFECT PROGRESSI VE:

SUJETO + TO HAVE (PRESENTE – PASADO – FUTURO) + BEEN + VERBO + -I NG

The cat has been vomit ing for the last three days.

Hace tres días que el gato vomita. El gato ha estado vomitando por tres días.

TO HAVE (PRESENTE – PASADO – FUTURO) + SUJETO + BEEN + VERBO + -I NG

How long have you been studying this subject?

¿Cuánto hace que estás estudiando este tema?

SUJETO + TO HAVE (PRESENTE – PASADO – FUTURO) + NOT + BEEN + VERBO + -ING

I haven’t been following the progress of this project work, to tell you the truth.

A decir verdad, no he estado siguiendo el progreso de este trabajo de campo.

BE + GOI NG TO + VERBO I NFI NI TIVO = futuro para expresar planes e intención

They are going to build a new research hall over there.

Van a construir un nuevo pabellón de investigación allí.

Are you going to start the test next m onth?

¿Vas a comenzar la prueba el mes próximo?

We are not going to w rite a new paper on this subject.

No vamos a escribir un nuevo paper sobre este tema.

Cuadro resumen Tiempos Verbales:

08.Tiempos Verbales

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