DRAW A LINE SEPARATING TODAY & YESTERDAY1) Write: Date: 08/25/10, Topic: Reason for Governments2) Next line, write “Opener #2” and then:

1) Write 1 high+1 low in last 24 hours2) Rate your understanding of yesterday: lost<1-5>too easy (3 is perfect)

3) Respond to the Opener by writing at least 1 sentences about:Your opinions/thoughts OR/AND

Questions sparked by the clip OR/AND

Summary of the clip OR/AND

Announcements: None

Agenda1) Reasons for Government

Primary Objective1) To know why we have gov at all.

Reminder1) Fill out 2 e-forms, setup your Google and Ning account by Friday.

Notes #1a, Title: “Political Philosophy” 1) Fundamental Role of Gov: Provide

more security than individuals can for themselves.

Governments (tribes>city states>nation states) have more power to provide security, but also are a more powerful threat in itself.

OverviewFundamental Role of Gov: Provide more security than

individuals can for themselves.1) Legitimate Gov: Uses force to serve, alternative:

self-serving gov rules through fear/force2) Government is a Collective Belief: If enough people believe an entity is the legitimate gov,

it become real, through the sheer number of people.3) Anarchy (State of Nature): Life with no gov (gangs +

private security can be like a gov, become gov)4) Hobbes (1588): State of nature is violent, no real

rights to speak of, so rights exist b/c of gov5) Locke (1632): Ppl in state of nature have total rights,

but hard to maintain, so give up rights for safety, if not safe, ppl can break K.

6) Social Contract: You exchange obedience to the gov for protection (K=contract).

7) Rule of Law: Ppl+gov obey laws b/c out of fear or respect for our social contract (nothing is above the law).

8) Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development: Each person obeys/acts for different reasons.

9) Social Contract is a Collective Belief: If enough people believe it, it become real, through the

sheer number of people.10) Why Rule of Law so High: b/c US gov is legit

(serves to help us), b/c we believe we naturally have rights, some we give up (voluntary is always more powerful)

Notes #2a, Title: “Political Philosophy” 1) Legitimate Gov: Uses force to serve

public, alternative: self-serving gov rules through fear/force

Alternative View of Role of Gov: Those with power force people to submit, “force theory.”

Expired View of Role of Gov: Faith that rulers were “chosen” to rule, “divine rule theory.”

Notes #2a, Title: “Political Philosophy” 2) Government is a Collective Belief: If

enough people believe an entity is the legitimate gov, it become real, through the sheer number of people.

Notes #2a, Title: “Political Philosophy” 3) Anarchy (State of Nature): Life with no

gov (gangs + private security can be like a gov when no gov exist)

Notes #2a, Title: “Political

Philosophy” 3) Anarchy (State

of Nature): Life with no gov (gangs + private security can be like a gov when no gov exist)

Notes #2a, Title: “Political Philosophy” 4) Hobbes (1588): State of nature is

violent, no real rights to speak of, so rights exist b/c of gov

Hobbes’ Leviathan (1660)

Whatsoever therefore is consequent to a time of war, where every man is enemy to every man, the same consequent to the time wherein men live without other security than what their own strength ... In such condition there is no place for industry, because the fruit thereof is uncertain: and consequently no culture of the earth... worst of all, continual fear, and danger of violent death; and the life of man, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.

Hobbes’ Leviathan (1660)

Whatsoever therefore is consequent to a time of war, where every man is enemy to every man, the same consequent to the time wherein men live without other security than what their own strength ... In such condition there is no place for industry, because the fruit thereof is uncertain: and consequently no culture of the earth... worst of all, continual fear, and danger of violent death; and the life of man, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.

EnglishCivil War1641–1651

Notes #2a, Title: “Political Philosophy” 5) Locke (1632): Ppl in state of nature

have total rights, but hard to maintain, so give up rights to gov for safety, if not safe, ppl can break K (K=contract).

Notes #2a, Title: “Political Philosophy” 5) Locke (1632): Ppl in state of nature

have total rights, but hard to maintain, so give up rights to gov for safety, if not safe, ppl can break K (K=contract).

.

Locke’s 2nd Treatise (1690)

No one ought to harm another in his life, liberty, or possessions... to avoid this state of war is one great reason of men's putting themselves into society, and quitting the state of nature... revolutions happen not upon every little mismanagement in public affairs. Great mistakes in the ruling part, many wrong and inconvenient laws, and all the slips of human frailty, will be born by the people without mutiny or murmur. But if a long train of abuses…

Locke’s 2nd Treatise (1690)

No one ought to harm another in his life, liberty, or possessions... to avoid this state of war is one great reason of men's putting themselves into society, and quitting the state of nature... revolutions happen not upon every little mismanagement in public affairs. Great mistakes in the ruling part, many wrong and inconvenient laws, and all the slips of human frailty, will be born by the people without mutiny or murmur. But if a long train of abuses…

“All men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men… Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shown that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations… -Thomas Jefferson

Notes #1, Title: “Political Philosophy” 6) Social Contract: You exchange

obedience to the gov for protection.

Journ. #2a, “State of Nature Debate”1) Read the 2 sides, choose 1 side, and write

which you choose and explain why.2) Then write down what your partner thinks

(include their name at the end).1 2 3 4 5

CON: State of Nature Good1) Most violence is committed by govt

2) Gov waste ppl’s resources (taxes)

3) People are cooperative, fundamentally peaceful

PRO: State of Nature Bad1) With no govt, people will resort to violence

2) No incentive for hard work b/c of theft

3) People are selfish, fundamentally violent

Compare with a neighbor and get their signature on the end of today’s section.

10 Points:Fill out the paper copy,AND the first e-form.

Make sure to write your name in the book with the barcode #, in case it falls off.

Second E-Form

Both forms at: www.govandlaw.org/mvhs

Homework Due Friday(30 Points):

1) Fill out 2 E-Forms 2) Create a Google

Account (Gmail or linking non-Gmail w. Google)

3) Join class Ning and upload a photo

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