PowerPoint Presentation

Introduction to the Scholarly Communication Program

Rachael SambergEarly Bird PresentationAugust 2, 2016

Mainly wanted to thank everyone for welcoming me, taking the time to meet with me and discuss your work, what your needs are.

Today I just wanted to introduce what a schol comm program is/might be, and what Ive been planning for ours to meet the needs that youve brought to my attention. Obviously this will be an evolving and adaptive program to the changing scholarly communication landscapea landscape I hope this program will help shape, rather than just respond to.

But I wanted to introduce you to the plan shaped by what you and I have discussed so far, so that you have a sense of how we aim to be leading service providers in this space.1

Scholarly Communication?

So, what is scholarly communication? Is it discussing research results over ice cream? Not yet, but we might get there.2

Scholarly CommunicationSystem through which research, and other scholarly writings (output) are created, evaluated for quality, disseminated to the scholarly community, and preserved for future use.Formal & informalJournal articles, chapters, monographs, conference proceedingsData sets, data visualizations, working papers, blogs

ACRL, Principles and Strategies for the Reform of Scholarly Communication 1, 2003.

3

History & PurposePublication in prestigious journals emanated from learned society publications several centuries agoFirst modern journal models published in France, London in 1665Mid-19th Century, expanded to the monographNot only knowledge & idea exchange, but also reputation, prestige, and assessment process

Mulligan, The Transformation of Scholarly Communications, Part I, 2015.

4

Some Scholarly Publication Statistics 50 million research articles published 1665-2009 (Jinha) 1.35 million scientific journal articles published per year (2006 est.) (Bjork, Roos, & Lauri)Global scientific output doubles every nine years (Bornmann & Mutz)As of 2014, at least 114 million English-language scholarly documents accessible on Web, of which Google Scholar has nearly 100 million. At least 27 million (24%) of these freely available; % OA varies by field, i.e., from 12 to 50% (Khabsa & Giles)

Jinha (2010), Article 50 Million: an Estimate of the Number of Scholarly Articles in ExistenceBjork, Roosr, & Lauri (2008), Global Annual Volume of Peer Reviewed Scholarly Articles and the Share Available Via Different Open Access OptionsBornmann & Mutz (2014), Growth rates of modern science: A bibliometric analysis based on the number of publications and cited referencesKhabsa & Giles (2014), The Number of Scholarly Documents on the Public Web

These are some relatively outdated statistics, and just cover journals, not monographs

Takeaway: The volume of scholarly output is enormous, and growing.

5

UC Scholarly Output & Impact

2015 UC Accountability Report

The University of California performs nearly one-tenth of all the academic research and development conducted in the United States, and produces 1/12 of all U.S. Research Publications; 2015 UC Accountability Report

This graph shows the publication impact of UC publications 2009-2013, taking into account both volume and quality of research output through a Field-Weighted Citation Impact.

Field-weighted citation impact divides the number of citations received by a publication by the average number of citations received by publications in the same field, of the same type, and published in the same year. The world average is indexed to a value of 1.0. Values above 1.0 indicate above-average citation impact. Here, the U.S. FWCI for this period is 1.48, meaning 48% above average. The fact that UC has an FWCI impact of 2.15 indicates that the average paper from that campus was cited 115% above the world average.6

Umthats huge. Librarys roles?Library must support effective, efficient, sustainable, and economically viable systems for the creation, discovery, dissemination, and preservation of scholarshipSystems that also provide barrier-free access to quality information

The output of the faculty, graduate and undergraduate students globally and at the UC is enormous.

So, what are the LIBRARYs roles with respect to supporting scholarly communication?

This system of scholarly communication requires not only availability of research and published materials, but also their review, use, and reuse as part of an active and evolving exchange of ideas. Faculty and students also need assistance in the research in support of their scholarship, and to be able to find and access new information in teaching and learning.

How do we make sure that our scholars can find the information they need for research and instruction, and that other scholars can find the works of our faculty so that the work of our faculty have a great impact? Libraries are trying to figure this out, but there are obviously some challenges.

7

Challenges for Libraries Supporting Scholarly CommunicationsCosts & administrationSubscription journalsNew publishing platformsNew funding modelsDissemination and discoverability of researchDiscipline-specific needs and differencesUse & reuse issuesDevising adaptive and responsive service models

COSTS: The books, periodicals and journals in which research findings are published, and that scholars need to access, are expensive and often only available through subscriptions. This puts them beyond the reach of many researchers, students, journalists and others with limited financial resources, especially in developing regions.

NEW PUBLISHING PLATFORMS: New publishing platforms can result in output being spread widely, but hard to find. Example of changing platform: Wellcome Open Research forthcoming, a journal and eprint/preprint/data platform paid for by a research funder certainly a new model for open access. So, Wellcome Trust is positioning itself as a journal for funded research, made available by the funder they pay for open access books and book chapters (in addition to articles) and share data about how much they spent to make articles and books open access.

NEW FUNDING MODELS: If we want scholarly output to be accessible, and we cant afford to keep paying subscriptions, new models allow authors to pay to publish and the work becomes available open access. The library could use its collections budgets to cover reimbursing authors for the fees called Article Processing Charges. Theres ongoing debate about the economic impact of this model, and whether this is the direction libraries should be moving.

At the same time, the library is still responsible for:making sure research is disseminated and discoverable, responding to discipline-specific needs, Dealing with licensing and use issuesProviding tailored service amidst change

8

Challenge: Costs

UC Libraries, Pay it Forward study, 2016

As we mentioned, costs are a big challenge for libraries supporting their scholars.

On the left: ARL Statistics 2010-2011

On the right: This is just for CDL-negotiated journal license packages; doesnt include individual journals to which UCB subscribes9

Challenge: Access & Impact91% reported publishing in peer-reviewed journals, 70% in conference proceedings 64% reported their research is available for free in these publications63% reported publishing in scholarly monographs or edited volumes24% reported their research available for free in these publications40% reported publishing pre-print or e-print digital archives36% reported these are available online for free

2015 Ithaka S+R Faculty Survey

Scholarship in the open is better for scholars they can access what they need, and other people can access and cite their work. Its also better for librariesit improves our ability to disseminate the outcomes of research and get the materials they need into the hands of students, teachers and others quickly and efficiently.

These are results form a recent faculty survey regarding how and whether theyve published open access over the past five years.

10

Challenge: Access & Impact

One way to make scholarly communications broadly available is through deposit in an institutional repository, in addition to (or perhaps in lieu of) publication in a journal or book.

To ensure that research findings become public and reach a broad audience, UC has adopted Open Access policies enabling UC authors to make their articles available through the eScholarship repository, operated by UCs California Digital Library.

This map shows the geographic distribution and concentration of article downloads for materials deposited in eScholarship, the repository run by UCs California Digital Library. There are currently over 100,000 open access publications available in the repository, 20,000 of which have been recently deposited under the UC Academic Senates Open Access Policy.

One of the issues with depositing works in institutional repositories, however, is actually getting scholars to participate and do it!

11

Challenge: Discipline-Specific NeedsLarger share medical faculty and social scientists share OA peer-reviewed journal articles or conference proceedings, pre-prints, data, images/media, software or code Humanists and social scientists more likely to share research OA in blogs; social scientists have high rate of sharing OA in working papers or draft manuscriptsDisagreement across disciplines about how strongly they feel open access is important to maximize impact, communicate findings, etc.Federal funding mandates that publicly-funded scholarly research and/or data be made freely available online2015 Ithaka S+R Faculty Survey

Another challenge libraries face in supporting scholarly communications is responding to discipline-specific needs.

12

How Libraries are Addressing IssuesScholarly Communication Programs

So, those are just some of the challenges libraries face in supporting schol comm. How are they addressing these? Through schol comm programs. Were a little behind, but I promise were going to catch up and shoot past into the lead. Also, many of these dont address a full range of research and publication needs in schol comm. Were going to be strategic, bigger picture thinkers.13

Areas of Need for a UC Berkeley ProgramCampus outreach and engagementSupport for new models/platforms of research and publicationPolicies to support use and access of research and collections Visibility for research, publications, and unique rsch. collections Discoverability of support for research, publishing, teaching

Ive been talking to you for the past six weeks, collecting your invaluable insight on what your departments need

Uptake of participation in eScholarship 25%, thats actually probably high14

The Program:Scholarly Communication as a Service

Library is a Service Organization. To meet the needs of our faculty and students, we must treat scholarly communication as a service, too. That means were all scholarly communication service providers. Many of the services Ill be outlining for the program are things were already doing, together, and that I can help with and build programming around. Other initiatives will be entirely new service areas for the Library.15

Scholarly Communication as a Service:Program FoundationsSUPPORT FOR RESEARCH

SUPPORT FOR PUBLICATION

SUPPORT FOR TEACHING

SUPPORT FOR OPERATIONS/COLLECTIONS

16

Types of Support for ResearchData management, sharing, and discoverabilityHow visible is the data? How can people find it? What policies should govern data access and content?Text & data miningWhat do our licenses allow, and what should they allow? How can we get in at the beginning of peoples research so that they are making interconnected research, preservation, and curation decisions?Collocate services for research support for digital scholarshipAdditional organization around supporting (and then later hosting, and promoting digital humanities research/projects)Use of licensed materials/IP in ones research

Libraries support entire lifecycle of scholarship, and managing research data to make it discoverable as a discrete scholarly communication is an increasingly high-demand library service.

Further, there are mandates form funding agencies that have made data management and sharing a high priority for researchers and, in turn, libraries.

17

Types of Support for PublicationHelp lead / shepherd transition to open access scholarshipEducation re: academic publishing options & impact, IP rights retention & licensing issues (in and of your work), etc.Visibility, discoverability, and promotion of publicationseScholarship / institutional repository utilization and improvementImplementation of OA policyOversight of OA fundsPermissions requests (outgoing use of UC-authored/owned materials & collections)

18

Types of Support for TeachingFor faculty Use of licensed or copyrighted materials in the classroom or bCoursesFor graduate students/undergrads Presentations on copyrights, maximizing fair use, finding materials to use, protecting your own copyright, academic integrityAffordable Course ContentPromoting and aiding in development of Open Educational Resources

19

Types of Support for Collections & OperationsDigitization programs to build open digital collections - guidanceCurrently digitize 300K items/year, 60 million items we can digitizeRights issuesLibrary as publisherMaking unique digital research and collections online & discoverable (e.g. DH) Dissertations & Masters ThesesOpening older dissertations; scanning masters thesesSetting embargo policies; revising submission proceduresRights release of UC-owned items in HathiTrust

Google & Hathi scanned from NRLF, and are continuing to do so. One project would be to check for all UC-authored publications in Hathi, and get them all opened for public viewing.

Moreover, when UC students request that particular materials (e.g. their own dissertations) be opened on Hathi, the request process and processing of requests is haphazard)20

Scholarly Communication as a Service in Action

Some ideas of what I can do under each of those four pillars21

Support for ResearchWebsite for Services

The website will address all the services we provide to support research, publication and instruction within the schol comm program

This is just part of a sample mock-up I created22

Support for ResearchDigital Scholarship ServicesDigital Project Support

Considering a digital research project, or already started and need some help? The Library can:Talk with you about your research projectLocate and coordinate needed supportPartner with you to plan or implement your projectHelp preserve your project and make it discoverable

Looking into forming a working Group to coordinate the work the librarys doing to support digital scholarship (e.g. with DH will talk to Stacy Reardon)23

Support for PublicationVisibility & Impact via Profiles

24

UCSF

And, if scholars have these profiles, they now have a reason to add their publications to Symplectic it will go to eScholarship, the institutional repository, and their public-facing profile. It can also be connected to the promotion and tenure process they can pull from this. So, its not duplicative for faculty to put things in eScholarship AND their department website AND the promotion system.25

Support for PublicationBibliographies, Publications Feed

http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/authorrecognition/10/

In turn, if faculty participate in publication management system, then we can include them in a bibliography we generate from that system. Wed like to be able to show departments a bibliography of works published by their authors that year, or semester and to recognize authors whose works were made available open access through our BRII funding plan.

26

Support for PublicationScholarly Impact

The program can help scholars understand their scholarly impact, and how to boost their public profile. For instance, if we help set up ORCIDs, this connects research to their profiles across platforms.

Right now, eScholarship is a little clunky. I added this paper both to eScholarship and to my ORCID separately.27

Support for PublicationExploring and Promoting New & OA Funding Models and Platforms

I really want to stress that a big part of this program is not just flexibly and adaptively responding to the changing schol comm landscape, but also to set precedent and help shape that landscape. This requires strategic planning, and active engagement in the scholarly communication community.

One thing the Library has already been doing, largely overseen by Margaret Phillips, is administering the BRII program which covers article processing charges the author pays system of making material OA. Margaret and I will continue her great work, and promote BRII even further.

The schol comm program also needs to think strategically about funding models for all of scholarly communication, including OA monographs.28

Support for PublicationsCreating an OA Journal

https://scholarworks.duke.edu/open-access/open-journals/

29

Support for PublicationOutreach & Community-Building

Narrative is critical for buy-in.30

Support for TeachingCopyright Guidance

31

Support for Operations & CollectionsSupport and Promote the Data Acquisition & Access Program

Think about and develop terms of use issues, to help work towards making the program even more impactful.32

Support for Operations & CollectionsElectronic Thesis & Dissertation Publishing Guidance

https://gradschool.duke.edu/academics/theses-and-dissertations/etd-copyright-information

Work with Graduate Division on this33

Support for Operations & CollectionsCurrent Awareness, Updates, & Trainings

34

Program Priorities

35

PrioritiesDevelop program plan (goals and benchmarks)Website of servicesTraining & updates for library staffUse of intellectual property in ones research, publications, and coursesPublication choices and impactOpen Access publishing, and the UC OA policyTraining materials and workshops for faculty and students Campus outreach Strategic planning & analysis for schol comm more broadly, involvement in schol comm community

Scope and extent of my involvement in each of these areas unclearBut is clear need to work collaborativelySorry if I step on toes and boundaries; please bear with me as we discover the contours of the program

36

Join the effort!Scholarly Communication Expertise GroupSuggest trainings and workshops for your departments/divisionsLet me know how I can helpThis presentation is issued under an Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0)Photos 2016 by Rachael G. Samberg

37