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METALOR TECHNOLOGIES

SINGAPORE PTE LTD

METWHITE 100

DECORATIVE WHITE BRONZE PLATING PROCESS

METWHITE 100 is a New Decorative White Bronze plating process.The process is designed to give

fully bright ,white bronze deposits suitable as a substitute for Nickel in applications which demand

Nickel Free in order to conform to European legislation restricting the use of Nickel.

It is an alternative to more costly Palladium which is also used forNickel Freejewellery.

The process is used as a barrier layer prior to the final colour requirement , it can be used in Rack and

Barrel applications and is suitable for both decorative and electronic applications.

Coating electronic components with METWHITE 100 achieves a higher electrical conductivity than

pure Silver , allowing technical applications in the connector field.

The deposit is an alloy of Copper , Tin and Zinc in ratio to give an alloy composition which is white,

bright and has a high wear and corrosion resistance.

Brilliant White Deposit

Good corrosion resistance

Easy to Operate

Fast deposition speed

Excellent Throwing Power

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METWHITE 100 Data Sheet

Issue No : MTS 04/APR07/SL2

1 OPERATING CONDITIONS

The following table outlines the optimumoperating conditions for the bath.

Parameter Unit Range Optimum

Copper g / l 10-15 12

Tin g / l 18-22 20

Zinc g / l 1 - 3 2

Free Cyanide g / l 45 - 55 50

Temperature0C 45 - 65 60

pH-

12 - 13 12.5

Current Density A / dm2

1 - 4 1

Deposition Speed / min 0.25 - 1 0.35

Anode - - 316 / 317 Stainless Steel

Anode : Cathode Ratio - 6:1 - 2:1 4-1

Filtration - - Continuous

5 -15 Micron

Agitation - - Moderate Cathode Movement

2. DEPOSIT CHARACTERISTICS

Property Value

Deposit Composition Copper = 64 %

Tin = 30 %

Zinc = 5 %

Balance = 1%

Hardness

(Dependent on deposit composition)

Around 400 - 500 Hv (25g)

Appearance / Colour Bright White

Deposition Speed

At 1 A/dm2and optimum conditions deposition speed of 1 micron in 2 minutes 50 seconds is achieved.

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METWHITE 100 Data Sheet

Issue No : MTS 04/APR07/SL3

3. EQUIPMENT

Tanks should be constructed of PVC, Polypropylene , PTFE lined or similar inert material capable of

withstanding elevated temperatures.

For larger installations, Polypropylene or PTFE lined tanks are most suitable and we recommend the

following:

Rectifier with an Ampere meter and Volt meter producing a DC output with less than 5% ripple.

Ampere minute meter

Continuous filtration via a filter pump fitted with a 5 - 15 micron polypropylene cartridge

As solution is operated at elevated temperature and contains Free Cyanide , Fume Extraction is

strongly recommended for this process

4. PROCESS CONTROL

pHpH is a critical factor in process control and it is important to monitor and maintain the pH within the

recommended range in order to ensure consistent deposit properties in terms of alloy composition

brightness and appearance.

If it is necessary , raise the pH by using a 50% w/v solution of Potassium Hydroxide, take care to void

too high an increase.

Note : Only high grade material should be used ,if in doubt then Metalor Technologies are able to

supply material of suitable quality..

Being a cyanide based solution lowering of the pH is not recommended ; if the pH is high it should

monitored and allowed to fall within range over a period of time.

Free CyanideMETWHITE 100 contains an additive to stabilise the cyanide decomposition , but it still is necessary to

monitor the concentration closely to ensure consistent results.

Again only the highest grade of Potassium Cyanide should be used to make necessary adjustment.

Free cyanide can easily be monitored by simple titration.

Wetting Agent

METWHITE 100 wetting agent can be used to lower the surface tension of the electrolyte, this is not

codeposited , but enables a reduction in porosity and ensures a fully bright appearance.

If a hazy deposit is achieved an addition of 1-2 ml/l METWHITE Wetting agent is recommended.

Maximum addition should not exceed 3 ml/l.

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METWHITE 100 Data Sheet

Issue No : MTS 04/APR07/SL4

METWHITE 100 Additive

This material helps to maintain the consistent deposit appearance. If a tendency towards a red colour or

black spots, then an addition of 10-20 ml /l of METWHITE 100 Additive A is usually sufficient to

resolve the problem.

A full analysis of the bath is recommended to ensure all other bath parameters are at their optimum

concentrations before the addition is made.

If in doubt please seek the advi ce of our Chemists for guidance on process control.

5. REPLENISHER UNIT

A Balancer Unit (comprises of METWHITE 100 Balancer Part A & Part B) to replenish the Copper

,Tin Zinc and all other components at one dose is available.

500ml of METWHITE 100 Balancer Part A + 700ml of METWHITE 100 Balancer Part B is to be

replenished after every 1000 Ampere minute.

This Balancer Unit will maintain the key bath parameters ,but the bath should still be monitored by

analysis to ensure optimum performance ,as drag out will vary from installation to installation.

Further additions of Copper ,Tin and Zinc should be made individually based on analytical data.

6. MAKE-UP PROCEDURE

Safety Note : Please ensure all safety precautions for handling Cyanide are taken during bath

preparation ,the final bath will contain around 50 g/l Free Cyanide.

For 10 litres Solution

1.

Pour 5 litres METWHITE 100 Base Electrolyte into plating tank

2. Switch on filter pump and / or stirrer.

3. Carefully add, 900 gms potassium cyanide (good grade); stir till complete dissolution.

4. Add in slowly 4.24 litres METWHITE 100 Copper Brightener and mix thoroughly.

(Solution colour should be straw yellow colour.)

5. Analyse for free cyanide. Ensure it is between 45 55 g/l; adjust if necessary.

6.

Measure pH it should fall between 12.0 13.0; adjust upwards if necessary.(Note : If the pH is too high it will fall within range over a short period of time)

7. Heat up solution to 60 deg C.

8. Solution is now ready for use.

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METWHITE 100 Data Sheet

Issue No : MTS 04/APR07/SL5

7 ORDERING

Please refer to the following products and code numbers when ordering :

Product Pack Size Product Code

For New Makeup

METWHITE 100 Make-up PackConsist of :

Part A - Metwhite 100 Base Electrolyte (25L)

Part B - MetWhite 100 Copper Makeup Brt (21.2L)

50L equivalent P18920

For Replenishment

METWHITE100 Balancer

(for 5000 Ampmin Replenishment)

-Part A {2.5L}

-Part B {3.5L}

5 units equivalent(for 5000 Amin Replenishment)

P18940

For Special Adjustment

METWHITE 100 Copper Brightener 1 litre P18890

METWHITE 100 Zinc Brightener 1 litre P18900

METWHITE 100 Tin Brightener 1 litre P18880

METWHITE 100 Additive 1 litre P18910

METWHITE 100 Wetting Agent 1 litre P19940

METWHITE 100 Conducting Salt 1 kg P20010

Technical information and data regarding the composition, properties, or use of the products described herein is believed to be reliable.However, no representation or warranty is made with respect thereto except as made by Metalor Technologies in writing at the time ofsale. Metalor Technologies cannot assume responsibility for any patent liability which may arise from the use of any product in a process,manner or formula not designed by Metalor Technologies.