07 WETLAND CLASSIFICATION MAPS FINAL - Ramsar Report 07_Wetland Classification... · Anusha BANDARA...

Government of Sri Lanka METRO COLOMBO URBAN DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

(MCUDP)

The Consultancy Services for the Preparation of a Management Strategy for Wetlands and Carrying out an Assessment of Water Quality in the Inland Waterways and Lakes within Metro Colombo Area

Technical Report 07 WETLAND CLASSIFICATION MAPS WETLAND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY

No.MCUDP/PHRD/03

January 2016

WETLAND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY ‐ Technical Report 07 ‐ WETLAND CLASSIFICATION MAPS Metro Colombo Urban Development Project ‐ Consultancy Services for the Preparation of Management Strategy for Wetlands and Carrying out an Assessment of Water Quality in the Inland Waterways and Lakes within Metro Colombo Area

TEAM MEMBERS

Rob MCINNES ................................................ Team leader

Sibila JAKSIC .................................................. Institutions and policy Project manager

Rob MCINNES ................................................ Ecosystem services_PRA_Questionnaires

Mark EVERARD .............................................. Ecosystem services

Anusha BANDARA ......................................... Ecosystem services _Economic valuation

Lalith AMARALAL ........................................... Ecosystem services_PRA

GREEN MOVEMENT ...................................... Ecosystem services _Questionnaires

Devaka WEERAKOON .................................... Biodiversity

Gilles MOYNOT .............................................. Biodiversity

Guillaume SALMON ....................................... Communication Plan

Nicolas BARGIER ............................................ Water and soil quality

Ranjana PIYADASA ........................................ Water and soil quality

Pierre RIGAUDIERE ........................................ Physical features_Hydrology

Anura RANWALA ........................................... Physical features_Hydrology

GIS team : Thilina Buddima PALLETHANNE, Anthony ROUÉ, Vu Hai LE, Inakshi KARUNAWARDANA,

Olivier PETOT (ASCONIT) and “SAFEGE” GIS team

Supportive roles :

Missaka HETTIARACHCHI ............................. Institutions and policy

Mathieu SOUQUET ....................................... Wetland Management Strategy

Keerthi Sri JAYAWARDENA ........................... Hydrology background

Indrasiri L.H .................................................. Expert GIS

Janaka DHARMASENA .................................. Urban planning issues

Emmanuel THIRY .......................................... Advisory on governance issue

Field assessment and survey were accomplished with participation of GREEN MOVEMENT staff for

ecosystem services assessment and students from Colombo University for water quality and

ecological surveys.

WETLAND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY ‐ Technical Report 07 ‐ WETLAND CLASSIFICATION MAPS Metro Colombo Urban Development Project ‐ Consultancy Services for the Preparation of Management Strategy for Wetlands and Carrying out an Assessment of Water Quality in the Inland Waterways and Lakes within Metro Colombo Area Metro Colombo Wetland Management Strategy was developed as a complementary initiative

towards achieving capacity enhancement for flood and drainage management under the World Bank

funded Metro Colombo Urban Development Project.

The study received grant funding from the Japan Policy and Human Resources Development Fund

and was directly supervised by the Wetland Management Division of the Sri Lanka Land Reclamation

and Development Corporation :

Dr. N. S. Wijayarathne ‐ Deputy General Manager

L C G Soysa ‐ AGM ‐ Coordinator

W D C T Gunasiri ‐ Environmental Scientist ‐ Surface and Ground Water and Soil surveys

P D Pindeniya ‐ Ecologist ‐ Biodiversity Field surveys

Ranoshi Siripala ‐ Ecologist ‐ Biodiversity Field surveys

Kumudu Shirani ‐ Engineer ‐ Ecosystem Service Assessment

U Y I L Dharmasoma ‐ Surface and Ground Water surveys

Dammika Marasinghe ‐ Administrative Officer ‐ Social Surveys


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CONTENTS

1 CLASSIFICATION OF WETLANDS IN THE COLOMBO METROPOLITAN REGION _______________________________________________ 1

2 THE RAMSAR CLASSIFICATION OF WETLANDS ________________ 5

3 METRO COLOMBO WETLANDS ZONING MAP ‐ HYDROLOGICAL FUNCTIONING __________________________________________ 9

4 METRO COLOMBO WETLANDS ZONING MAP ‐ HABITAT TYPES _ 11

5 METRO COLOMBO WETLANDS ZONING MAP – FUNCTIONAL WETLAND CLASSIFICATION _______________________________ 13

6 METRO COLOMBO WETLANDS TYPE PHOTOGRAPHS __________ 15


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1 CLASSIFICATION OF WETLANDS IN THE COLOMBO METROPOLITAN REGION


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Dominant water source Hydrodynamic Habitat type Habitat

feature Wetland type Wetland description Ramsar wetland classification types

Freshwater

Non‐tidal

Open water Flowing water

Floating vegetation Freshwater, non‐tidal, flowing water with floating vegetation M, N, 9 Open water Freshwater, non‐tidal, open flowing water body M, N, 9

Standing water

Floating vegetation Freshwater, non‐tidal, standing water with floating vegetation O, P, Tp, Ts, 2, 3, 6, 7 Open water Freshwater, non‐tidal, open standing water body O, P, Tp, Ts, 2, 3, 6, 7

Herb‐dominatedLow herb

Active paddy Active paddy land 3 Abandoned paddy Abandoned paddy land dominated by low herbs Tp, Ts, U, 3 Marginal vegetation Low herb communities on margins of non‐tidal freshwater bodies Tp, Ts

Tall herb Abandoned paddy Abandoned paddy land dominated by tall herbs Tp, Ts, W, U, 3 Marginal vegetation Tall herb communities on margins of non‐tidal freshwater bodies Tp, Ts W

Woodland Annona woodland Freshwater, non‐tidal Annona dominated woodland Xf, Xp Mixed woodland Freshwater, non‐tidal mixed woodland Xf, Xp

Weak‐moderately tidal


Floating vegetation Freshwater, weak/moderately tidal, flowing water with floating vegetation M, N, 9 Open water Freshwater, non‐tidal, open flowing water body M, N, 9

Standing water

Floating vegetation Freshwater, non‐tidal, standing water with floating vegetation O, P, Tp, Ts, 2, 6, 7 Open water Freshwater, non‐tidal, open standing water body O, P, Tp, Ts, 2, 6, 7

Herb‐dominatedLow herb Marginal vegetation Low herb communities on margins of weak/moderately ‐tidal freshwater

bodies Tp, Ts

Tall herb Marginal vegetation Tall herb communities on margins of weak/moderately ‐tidal freshwater bodies Tp, Ts W

Woodland Annona woodland Freshwater, weak/moderately tidal Annona dominated woodland Xf, Xp Mixed woodland Freshwater, weak/moderately tidal mixed woodland Xf, Xp

Seasonally brackish / Brackish

Weak‐moderately tidal


Floating vegetation Brackish, weak‐moderately tidal, flowing water with floating vegetation M, N, 9 Open water Brackish, weak‐moderately tidal, open flowing water body M, N, 9

Standing water

Floating vegetation Brackish, weak‐moderately tidal, standing water with floating vegetation O, P, Q, R, Sp, Ss, Tp, 2, 3, 6, 7 Open water Brackish, weak‐moderately tidal, open standing water body O, P, Q, R, Sp, Ss, Tp, 2, 3, 6, 7

Herb‐dominatedLow herb Marginal vegetation Low herb communities on margins of weak/moderately ‐tidal brackish bodies Sp, Ss, Tp, Ts Tall herb Marginal vegetation Tall herb communities on margins of weak/moderately ‐tidal brackish bodies Sp, Ss, Tp, Ts W

Woodland Annona woodland Brackish, weak/moderately tidal Annona dominated woodland I, Xf, Xp Mixed woodland Brackish, weak/moderately tidal mixed woodland I, Xf, Xp

Strongly tidal


Floating vegetation Brackish, strongly tidal, flowing water with floating vegetation M, N, 9 Open water Brackish, strongly tidal, open flowing water body M, N, 9

Standing water

Floating vegetation Brackish, strongly tidal, standing water with floating vegetation O, P, Q, R, Sp, Ss, Tp, 2, 3, 6, 7 Open water Brackish, strongly tidal, open standing water body O, P, Q, R, Sp, Ss, Tp, 2, 3, 6, 7

Herb‐dominatedLow herb Marginal vegetation Low herb communities on margins of strongly ‐tidal brackish bodies Sp, Ss, Tp, Ts Tall herb Marginal vegetation Tall herb communities on margins of strongly ‐tidal brackish bodies Sp, Ss, Tp, Ts W

Woodland Annona woodland Brackish, strongly tidal Annona dominated woodland I, Xf, Xp Mixed woodland Brackish, strongly tidal mixed woodland I, Xf, Xp


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2 THE RAMSAR CLASSIFICATION OF WETLANDS


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Ramsar Classification System for Wetland Type. (Note: “floodplain” is a broad term used to refer to one or more wetland types, which may include examples from the R, Ss, Ts, W, Xf, Xp, or other wetland types. Some examples of floodplain wetlands are seasonally inundated grassland (including natural wet meadows), shrublands, woodlands and forests. Floodplain wetlands are not listed as a specific wetland type herein.)

Wetland Types Ramsar Code

Marine/Coastal Wetlands

Permanent shallow marine waters in most cases less than six metres deep at low tide; includes sea bays and straits. A

Marine sub‐tidal aquatic beds; includes kelp beds, sea‐grass beds, tropical marine meadows. B

Coral reefs. C Rocky marine shores; includes rocky offshore islands, sea cliffs. D Sand, shingle or pebble shores; includes sand bars, spits and sandy islets; includes dune systems and humid dune slacks. E

Estuarine waters; permanent water of estuaries and estuarine systems of deltas. F Intertidal mud, sand or salt flats. G Intertidal marshes; includes salt marshes, salt meadows, saltings, raised salt marshes; includes tidal brackish and freshwater marshes. H

Intertidal forested wetlands; includes mangrove swamps, nipah swamps and tidal freshwater swamp forests. I

Coastal brackish/saline lagoons; brackish to saline lagoons with at least one relatively narrow connection to the sea. J

Coastal freshwater lagoons; includes freshwater delta lagoons. K Karst and other subterranean hydrological systems, marine/coastal Zk(a)

Inland Wetlands

Permanent inland deltas. L Permanent rivers/streams/creeks; includes waterfalls. M Seasonal/intermittent/irregular rivers/streams/creeks. N Permanent freshwater lakes (over 8 ha); includes large oxbow lakes. O

Seasonal/intermittent freshwater lakes (over 8 ha); includes floodplain lakes. P

Permanent saline/brackish/alkaline lakes. Q Seasonal/intermittent saline/brackish/alkaline lakes and flats. R Permanent saline/brackish/alkaline marshes/pools. Sp Seasonal/intermittent saline/brackish/alkaline marshes/pools. Ss Permanent freshwater marshes/pools; ponds (below 8 ha), marshes and swamps on inorganic soils; with emergent vegetation water‐logged for at least most of the growing season.

Tp

Seasonal/intermittent freshwater marshes/pools on inorganic soils; includes sloughs, potholes, seasonally flooded meadows, sedge marshes. Ts

Non‐forested peatlands; includes shrub or open bogs, swamps, fens. U Alpine wetlands; includes alpine meadows, temporary waters from snowmelt. Va Tundra wetlands; includes tundra pools, temporary waters from snowmelt. Vt Shrub‐dominated wetlands; shrub swamps, shrub‐dominated freshwater marshes, shrub carr, alder thicket on inorganic soils. W

Freshwater, tree‐dominated wetlands; includes freshwater swamp forests, seasonally flooded forests, wooded swamps on inorganic soils. Xf

Forested peatlands; peatswamp forests. Xp Freshwater springs; oases Y Geothermal wetlands Zg Karst and other subterranean hydrological systems, inland Zk(b)

Human‐made wetlands

Aquaculture (e.g., fish/shrimp) ponds 1

Ponds; includes farm ponds, stock ponds, small tanks; (generally below 8 ha). 2 Irrigated land; includes irrigation channels and rice fields. 3 Seasonally flooded agricultural land (including intensively managed or grazed wet meadow or pasture). 4

Salt exploitation sites; salt pans, salinas, etc. 5 Water storage areas; reservoirs/barrages/dams/impoundments (generally over 8 ha). 6 Excavations; gravel/brick/clay pits; borrow pits, mining pools. 7 Wastewater treatment areas; sewage farms, settling ponds, oxidation basins, etc. 8 Canals and drainage channels, ditches. 9 Karst and other subterranean hydrological systems, human‐made 10


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3 METRO COLOMBO WETLANDS ZONING MAP

_ HYDROLOGICAL FUNCTIONING


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_ HABITAT TYPES


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_ FUNCTIONAL WETLAND CLASSIFICATION


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6 METRO COLOMBO WETLANDS TYPE PHOTOGRAPHS LOCATION


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07 WETLAND CLASSIFICATION MAPS FINAL - Ramsar Report 07_Wetland Classification... · Anusha BANDARA...

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