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07 international collaboration activities in disposal r and d relevance to r and d priorities in...
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Transcript of 07 international collaboration activities in disposal r and d relevance to r and d priorities in...
Used Nuclear Fuel Disposition R&D
International Collaboration Activities in
Disposal R&D:
Relevance to R&D Priorities in Roadmap and
GDSA model
Jens Birkholzer and Liange Zheng
Energy Geosciences Division
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Mont Terri Project
– Participate in experiments at Mont Terri clay URL
in Switzerland
DECOVALEX Project
– Participate in model comparison initiative for
several URL related tasks in different host rocks
Colloid Formation and Migration Project
– Participate in colloid research at Grimsel granite
URL in Switzerland
FEBEX DP
– Participate in FEBEX dismantling project, which
evaluates bentonite-rock behavior after 18 years of
heating
SKB Task Forces
– Participate in crystalline rock research centered
around Äspö HRL in Sweden
Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA)
– Thermochemical Database Project
– Salt Club
– Clay Club
HotBENT
Disposal R&DCurrent Portfolio of International
Partnerships/Activities
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US-Republic of Korea (ROK)
– Participate in KAERI Underground Research
Tunnel (KURT) experiments in crystalline rock
– Joint Fuel Cycle Study (JFCS), information
exchange in used fuel disposal
US-Germany Salt Collaboration
– Participate in testing and modeling studies for
thermal-mechanical and hydrological behavior of
domal and bedded salt
US-Sweden COSC Collaboration
– Participate in testing hydrogeological
characterization methods for deep boreholes
US-China
– Bilateral Civil Nuclear Energy Cooperative Action
Plan (BCNECAP) with working group in Spent Fuel
Storage and Repository Science
Other Potential Opportunities
– Explore use of existing Memorandum of
Understanding (MoU) between DOE and Spain
(ENRESA), France (ANDRA), Japan (JNEAP) and
Belgium
Multinational Initiatives Bilateral Research Collaborations
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International Activities supporting GDSA
International activities is supporting GDSA via:1. Facilitating the development of reference cases
2. Deepening the scientific understanding of key processes
3. Improving process models
4. Supplying GDSA with well-tested constitutive relationships that govern
the evolution of key parameters such as porosity, permeability, clay
mineral alterations
5. Establishing a large database which could be used to validate GDSA
models
International activities cover a variety of key R&D issues related to
argillite, crystalline, salt host rock, EBS, the focuses have been:1. Coupled processes
2. Interfacial areas (canister/EBS, EBS/host rock)
3. Long term goechemical alteration
4. Flow and radionuclide transport
4
Extensive characterization of the
initial state bentonite
Monitoring temperature, relative
humidity, stress, pore pressure at
various locations throughout the
entire test duration.
Chemical characterization of EBS
after two dismantling events
Characterization of interfacial area:
canister/bentonite,
bentonite/concrete,
bentonite/granite
Characterization of corrosion and
microbial processes
FEBEX-DP at Grimsel Test Site
Partial dismantling in 2002
Heating started in 1997
Final dismantling in 2015
5
DOE Activities Associated with FEBEX-DP
Coupled THMC modeling of FEBEX-DP provides GDSA with
1. Right processes that control the saturation of bentonite
2. Evolution of porosity, permeability as a result of hydration and swelling
3. Chemical environment (e.g. pH, Eh, etc) during the saturation phase
4. Long term mineralogical alteration of bentonite
5. Structural and mineralogical change at the interfacial areas
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0 2000 4000 6000 8000
No
rmal
Str
ess
(MP
a)
Time (day)
E2 data, r=0.5 m
THMC model
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0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
Wat
er c
on
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t (%
)
Radial distance (m)
Data 5.3 yrs
Data 18.3 yrs
THMC-LS, thermal osmosis, 5.3 yrs
THMC-LS, thermal osmosis, 18.3 yrs
hea
ter
gran
ite
0.0E+00
2.0E-01
4.0E-01
6.0E-01
8.0E-01
1.0E+00
1.2E+00
0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n (
mo
l/L)
Radial distance (m)
Cl-
data S29,S28,S19, 5.3 yrs
Sq data, S47, 18.2 yrs
data S47, 18.2 yrs
THMC, 5.3 yrs
THMC, 18.2 yrs
0.E+00
1.E-01
2.E-01
3.E-01
4.E-01
5.E-01
6.E-01
7.E-01
0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n (
mo
l/L)
Radial distance (m)
Na+
data S29,S19,5.3 yrs
Sq data, S47, 18.2 yrs
data, S47, 18.2 yrs
THMC, 18.2 yrs
THMC, 5.3 yrs
Side view approx. 40m
6
Full-scale heater test undertaken as ultimate test for performance of geological
disposal in Opalinus Clay
Focus is on understanding THM behavior of near-field
host rock and engineered barrier system components
Objectives are to confirm integrated disposal system
behavior, validate coupled THM models used for PA,
and demonstrate buffer emplacement technology
DOE is one of seven organizations participating in the
design, analysis, and interpretation of the test
FE Heater Test at Mont Terri
Shotcrete Steel archesHeaters on bentonite
blocks
«Interjacent sealing section»
without shotcreteFE gallery
3m Ø, 50m length
FE cavern
Plug
DOE Activities Associated with FE
Heater Test at Mont Terri
THM model features:
Thermally driven THM evolution in both the
EBS components and the host-rock behavior in
argillaceous formations
Re-saturation and swelling of the protective
buffer around the waste package
Supporting GDSA
Validation of coupled THM model of bentonite
and clay host rocks
Supply GDSA with flow properties (e.g.
porosity and permeability) evolution in the buffer,
excavation disturbed zone and host rock
Inform GDSA related to local flow created by
coupled THM processes
Integration to GDSA
Abstraction and direction incorporation
Validating PA model for clay repository
DECOVALEX Project(DEvelopment of COupled models and their
VALidation against EXperiments)
DECOVALEX was established in 1992, and has been active since, in several project stages
– The objective is to achieve a better understanding and improved modeling of the effects of coupled
(T-H-M-C) processes in nuclear waste repositories
– Past DECOVALEX activities have included several international programs and research tasks with focus on
clay and granite repositories
– DOE formally joined DECOVALEX-2015 project phase in Spring 2012
– New DECOVALEX-2019 Phase just started in Spring 2016
DECOVALEX-2015 participations provided
access to several sets of experimental data
from different URLs and different host
rocks
− Sealing experiment at Tournemire URL (clay)
− Heater tests at Mont Terri URL and Horonobe
URL (clay)
− Bedrichov Tunnel Experiment on fracture flow
and transport patterns (crystalline)
DECOVALEX-2019 provides new tasks
tackling a variety of relevant R&D issues
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EBS Experiment at
Horonobe URL
New DECOVALEX-2019 Tasks
Core Tasks: Task A: ENGINEER – Modeling advective gas flow through low permeability
materials.
Task B: Fault Slip Test - Modelling the induced slip of a fault in argillaceous rock.
Task C: GREET – Hydro-mechanical-chemical-biological processes during groundwater recovery.
Task D: INBEB – Hydro-mechanical interactions in bentonite engineered barriers.
Task E: Upscaling Heater Tests – Upscaling of modelling and experimental results from small scale to one-to-one scale.
Supporting Tasks: Task F: FINITO - Fluid inclusion and movement in tight rock.
Task G: EDZ Evolution - Reliability, feasibility and significance of Measurements of conductivity and transmissivity of the rock mass for the understanding of the evolution of a repository of spent nuclear fuel
DOE Activities Associated with
DECOVALEX-2019: ENGINEER (BGS)
Lab tests by BGS
Task A of DECOVALEX-2019 project will provide extensive experimental and field test
results on the behavior of gas generation and pressurization in bentonite and clay stone,
including dilation and fracture formation.
Relevance to GDSA:
Pressure buildup and
gas migration in
bentonite and clay stone
Understand processes
Upgrade process model
Feed into GDSA
SKB Task Forces
SKB has two task forces for Groundwater Flow and Transport of Solutes (GWFTS, since 1992) and Engineered Barrier Systems (EBS, since 2004)
These task forces are a forum for international organizations to interact in the area of conceptual and numerical modeling of performance-relevant processes
Different modeling tasks, often involving experiments carried out at the Äspö HRL in Sweden, are addressed collaboratively
GWFTS Task Force: To develop and apply appropriate methods for flow and transport in fractured crystalline rock
EBS Task Force: To develop and apply tools for the advanced coupled THMC analysis of buffer/backfill materials
11
Äspö HRL
Prototype Repository
LTDE
GWFTS Task 9B: Long-term Transport
Relevance to GDSA
Generation and representation of realistic fracture networks
Fluid flow & transport in fracture networks
Mapping tools (dfnWorks to PFLOTRAN)
Dual continuum; matrix diffusion
HotBENT - Studying the effects of high
temperatures on clay buffers/near field
13
A planned collaboration project, led by
NAGRA, to conduct a joint GTS
experiment integrated with lab and
modeling studies to evaluate buffer
behavior at 150 oC to 200 oC
DOE Activities Associated with
HotBENT
Scoping calculation based on
THMC model for FEBEX-DP
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0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000R
elat
ive
hu
mid
ity
(%)
Time (day)
R = 0.52 m
WCSE2-03 WCSE2-04
WCSE1-03 WCSE1-04
FEBEX, 100 °C HotBENT 200 °C
Bentonite near the heater remains
fairly dry for a long time whereas
bentonite near the granite because
fully saturated rapidly just like that in
FEBEX test.
THMC model features:
Thermally driven THMC evolution in both
the EBS components and the host-rock
behavior in crystalline formations
Re-saturation and swelling of the
protective buffer around the waste package
Supporting GDSA
Validation of coupled THMC model of
bentonite and crystalline host rocks
Supply GDSA with long term alteration of
bentonite under high temperature.
Integration to GDSA
Abstraction and direction incorporation
Validating PA model for crystalline
repository under high temperature
Active collaboration with international programs, initiatives, or
projects is beneficial to DOE’s disposal research program,
providing access to decades of experience gained in various
disposal environments
Focus is on partnerships that allow “active” R&D collaboration in
underground research laboratories
Improved understanding of near-field perturbation, engineered barrier integrity, and RN transport
Testing of advanced process-modeling tools against experimental data at scale
Establishing databases for PA model validation
Collaboration with international partners builds science communities and provides opportunities for learning
15
Summary and Conclusions