06 Enlightenment Monarchs
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Transcript of 06 Enlightenment Monarchs
EnlightenmentMonarchs
David Clayton, Instructor
Philosophes challenged Old Regime
European society
VoltaireCritical of Catholic Church powerCritical of absolute rulersHelped Frederick the Great for 3 years
Philosophes challenged Old Regime
European society
DiderotEncyclopediaSold library to Catherine the Great of Russia“One of many friends of Catherine.”
Philosophes challenged Old Regime
European society
MontesquieuRule of LawSeparation of PowersCatherine based her government reforms on his theories.
Philosophes challenged Old Regime
European society
RousseauHeavy influenced modern philosophy.Emotions and passion are importantNoble savage“Social Contract”Regime system should be abolishedInfluenced American and French Revolution
Enlightenment monarchs tried to be the rational philosopher king educated according to Enlightenment ideals.
Enlightenment MonarchsCatherine the GreatRUSSIAr. 1762-1796
Reforms • Laws• Education• Publishing• Journalism• ExpansionismSemi- Reforms • serfdom• Constitution
Enlightenment MonarchsCatherine the Greatr. 1762-1796
REFORM STOPPED • Pugachev’s Rebellion-Thought to be Peter- Took away freedoms to crush rebellion that were never restored.- Executed
Enlightenment MonarchsCatherine the Greatr. 1762-1796
FUTURE REFORMS• Strengthened aristocratic power.• Extended serfdom
Enlightenment MonarchsFrederick the Greatr. 1740-1786PRUSSIA
REFORMS• First German Law Rational• Eliminated torture.• Death penalty had to be approved by him.• Industrial• Agriculture – potato• Education• “First Servant of the State.”
Enlightenment MonarchsFrederick the Greatr. 1740-1786PRUSSIA
REFORMS• Centralized government• Freedom of Press & religion• Thousands of miles of roads.• Prussian Army Code• American Revolution• Shaped German history through Hitler
Enlightenment MonarchsFrederick the Greatr. 1740-1786PRUSSIA
NEGATIVES• Wasted money• Soldiers mercilessly squandered in war in pursuit of glory.• Old monarch- power.
Enlightenment MonarchsJoseph IIr. 1780-1790Austria
REFORMS• Centralized government• Everyone paid taxes• Abolished serfdom• Religious toleration Dissolved monasteries as anti-Semitic• German language for administrative efficiency.
Enlightenment MonarchsJoseph IIr. 1780-1790Austria
OPPOSED• Roman Catholic Church• Aristocracy• Hungary and Belgium who resented German language requirement.
Enlightenment MonarchsJoseph IIr. 1780-1790Austria
NEGATIVE• Established secret police.• Ruled for only 10 years.• At his death, his brother cancelled most of Joseph’s reforms to bring equality.
Enlightenment monarchs made strides but the real reforms would happen in America