06 A06 Shimizu Peat IndoneseiaFSReportingMeeting

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    Prevention of Peat Degradationthrough Groundwater Management

    and

    Rice Husk-based Power Generation

    Shimizu Corporation

    2013.02.21&22

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    Purpose of Feasibility Study

    Reduction of Peatland CO2 Emissions:

    Water management to suppress peat decomposition

    caused by drainage in Berbak Delta of Jambi Province.

    Sustainable Development:

    Increase rice production with the water management and

    power generation using the rice husk.

    MRV methodology:Measure/Report/Verify method development for

    JCMbetween Indonesia and Japan.

    Supported by: Ministry of Environment of Japan, FY2010-FY2012

    GEC: Global Environment Center Foundation

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    PROJECT SITE PROFILE

    Site : Tanjung Jabung Timur Regency, Jambi Province

    Area: About 10,000ha

    =100km2)

    Berbak delta

    Berbak river

    Batang hari

    10km

    History of the site

    PU developed canals for irrigation

    during 1970s

    Due to drainage, the landsbecame dry and rice yield is as

    low as 1-2 tons/ha.

    Peat has not been conserved and

    its decomposition (=CO2 emission)

    is advancing

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    Bypassed gate

    Acid soil

    No water management

    Peat decomposition [CO2 ]

    Soil acidification [Rice yield ]

    Cause dried peatlands

    REFERENCE SCENARIO: Current Situation

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    PROJECT SCENARIO: GWL Restoration & Rice Yield Increase

    Peat in Groundwater

    1. Ground Water Level Restoration with water gates upgrade

    and improved operation to reduce peat decomposition

    2. Rice Yield in dry season

    3. Rice husk power generation

    Watergate

    Water table and rice production increase

    Water table

    recovery

    Before (=Reference)

    CO2 emissions by peat decomposition

    Dry peatcanal

    After (=Project)

    as

    h

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    Water quality measurementPipe installation

    2ndary canal gate surveyGWT data download

    MRV : Site Monitoring

    Rain gage installation

    Hearing from farmers

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    MRV : Site Monitoring

    PlotA

    PlotBPlotC

    PlotB

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    MRV: Site Monitoring

    Groundwater Level Monitoring

    0

    20

    40

    60

    80

    100

    -1.5

    -1.0

    -0.5

    0.0

    0.5

    1.0

    2011/9/1 2011/10/31 2011/12/30 2012/2/28 2012/4/28 2012/6/27 2012/8/26 2012/10/25

    Precipitation(mm/10min)

    Waterlevel(GL:m)

    BHA1-1 AP-2 AP-5 AP-12 AR-1 AR-6 Precipitation

    3.0

    3.5

    4.0

    4.5

    5.0

    Waterlevel(EL:m)

    10min 1day 1week

    biweek 1month 3month

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    Pilot STUDY Water Control in Plot A

    Flap Gate

    Flap Gate

    Water

    Water SK-5Road

    : Collector Channel

    A = 40 cm

    B = 20 cm

    : Micro Channel

    A = 20 cm

    B = 20 cm

    : Land Ownership

    SK-6Road

    PC-2

    T

    aChane

    T

    aChane

    A

    B

    C

    : Tertiary Channel

    A = 120 cm

    B = 70 cm

    Layout ofChannel Plan

    Tertiary canals and water gate plan (12ha rice field in Plot A)

    PlotA

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    B. ater RetentionHigh tide/Flooding Low tide/Rainfall

    LandSecon

    Land

    A. Land Drainage OperationHigh tide/Flooding

    Land

    Secondary

    channel

    Low tide/Rainfall

    Land

    Tertiary

    channel

    Water channel

    A.

    B.

    For Dry Season

    For Wet Season

    Pilot STUDY Water Control in Plot A

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    Tertiary canal gate presented tothe farmers leaderMeetings with farmers

    Secondary gate checkTertiary canal preparation by farmers

    Pilot STUDY Water Management in Plot A

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    Stakes holder meeting

    in the Pilot Project SiteTertiary canal and

    rice growth

    Farmers with growing rice

    Pilot Study : Water Management & Rice Production

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    I. SITE MONITORING

    GWL

    Peat thicknessTopography

    II. SATELLITE DATA

    Topography (SRTM)

    Land Cover (GSMaP)Rainfall (Landsat etc)

    III. HYDROLOGY MODEL

    Calculate Ground Water Level with

    Lumped Model or 3D Model.

    MRV : Methodology How To Evaluate Emission Reductions

    IV. GHG EMISSION CALCULATION

    ER = RE PE= Ai * EFPEAT * (RWL PWL)

    Ai : Plot area

    EFPEAT : Emission factor

    If RMSE < 10cm

    Watergate

    RWL

    PWL

    (Reference Water Level)

    (Project Water Level)

    Reference

    Project

    No

    Yes

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    MRV : Applicability Conditions and Reference Scenario

    1

    Project controls groundwater table (GWT) for peat rewetting by

    technical methods.

    Drainage was implemented prior to January 1, 2014.

    2

    Project site altitude > 100 m

    Peat thickness > 0.5m in average

    3 Project area is hydrologically independent from other peatlands.

    It does not give adverse impact on the environment or local citizens.

    4

    Project area is influenced by drainage

    (e.g. data indicating GWT lowering and/or peat subsidence).

    5 Mean GWT should be evaluated with hydraulic model and confirmed

    with measurements

    6 Project implementation shall not cause additional nature destruction.

    Applicability Conditions

    BaU: Rewetting of developed peatlands will not become obligatory

    in the Republic of Indonesia.

    Reference Scenario

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    MRV: Target GHGs

    Source Gas Included? Reason/Explanation

    Referencescenario

    Aerobic peatdecomposition

    CO2 YesMain source to be addressed inreference scenario.

    N2O No Conservatively not accounted.

    Anaerobicpeatdecomposition

    CH4 No Conservatively not accounted.

    Projectscenario

    Aerobic peatdecomposition CO2 Yes

    Main source and gas to be

    addressed by the projectactivities.

    Riceproduction

    N2O YesWhen rice production exceedsnational policy target, N2O andCH4 emissions shall beevaluated(3 ton/ha in 2004-2014, 4 ton/hain 2015-2019, 5-6 ton/ha after2020).

    Anaerobic peat

    decompositionused for paddyfield

    CH4 Yes

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    MRV : Monitoring Parameters

    Para

    meter

    Description Measurement Method

    A Area of plot, which

    can be assumed

    hydrology and peat

    depth are constant

    Determined based on remote sensing data and land survey,

    and shall be updated if there are changes.

    PWT Mean annual water

    table during project

    implementation

    Calculated using a hydraulic model using satellite climate

    data (precipitation, air-temperature) and confirmed with

    groundwater levels (RMSE

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    0

    50

    100

    150

    200

    250

    300

    350

    400

    450

    500

    -1.0

    -0.8

    -0.6

    -0.4

    -0.2

    0.0

    0.2

    0.4

    0.6

    0.8

    1.0

    Precipitation(mm/d)

    GWL(GL-m)

    Rainfall(mm/d)

    Box Model

    Obs. (Average)

    0

    50

    100

    150

    200

    250

    300

    350

    400

    450

    500

    -1.0

    -0.8

    -0.6

    -0.4

    -0.2

    0.0

    0.2

    0.4

    0.6

    0.8

    1.0

    Precipitation(mm/d)

    GWL(GL-m)

    Rainfall(mm/d)

    Box Model

    Obs. (Average)

    MRV: Peat CO2 Emission Reduction Evaluation

    Groundwater Table Calculation

    Groundwater table calculation verified with measurement

    RMSE=10cm

    Reference

    Pilot Project

    RMSE=8cm

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    Emission Reductions Calculations

    MRV: Peat CO2 Emission Reduction Evaluation

    Calculation Conditions- Project area: 100ha x 100 plots

    - Reference Mean GWL : GL -0.6m

    - Project Mean GWL : GL -0.3m

    - EFPEAT-CO2 = 69 tCO2/ha/y/m, EFPEAT-N2O=0.4 tCO2/ha/y, EFPEAT-CH4=3.6 tCO2/ha/y

    Reference Emission = 100ha * 0.6m * 69 tCO2/ha/y/m = 414,000 tCO2/y

    Project Emission = 100ha * (0.3m * 69 tCO2/ha/y/m + 0.4 tCO2/ha/y + 3.6 tCO2/ha/y)

    = 247,000 tCO2/y

    Emission Reductions = 414,000 247,000 = 167,000 tCO2/y

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    Env. Integrity & Sustainable Development

    Peatland Fire Prevention- GWL control to > GL -40cm can prevent fire of peatlands

    - Land subsidence decrease

    - No negative impact

    Rice Production Increase & Power Generation

    - Rice production potential : 2 ton/ha => 6 ton/ha (2 ton/ha in dry + 4 ton/ha in wet season)- Rice husk : 10,000ha * 6ton/ha * 2515,000ton

    - Possible Power Generation : 625 KW (=3500MWh/y )

    - CO2 reduction : 1.500tCO2/y

    Briquette maker

    100300

    H2,CO,CH4,

    300900

    H2,CO,CH4,CO2,H2O

    900

    H2,CO,CH4

    400900

    400600

    C + 2H2 CH4 + 75(KJ/mol)

    C + O2 CO2 + 406(KJ/mol)

    H2 + 1/2O2 H2O + 242(KJ/mol)

    CO2 + C 2CO - 173(KJ/mol)

    C + H2O CO + H2 - 131(KJ/mol)

    CO2 + H2 CO + H2O + 41(KJ/mol

    Gasification furnace

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    Project cost: Estimation of the project cost for 10,000ha

    Project Cost

    Initial Cost

    Cost

    million USD

    1 Water gate restoration 0.810 location x 20,000USD,

    120 locations x 5,000USD

    2 Leakage & bypass stop 1.2 120 locations x 10,000USD

    3 Ccanal maintenance 2.8Prim: 50km x 20,000USD/km

    Second: 200km x 3,000USD/km

    Tertiary: 500km x 1,000USD/km + 1,000

    4 Monitoring equipment 0.5

    5 Gas furnace & generator 3.6

    6 Project preparation & Validation 1.0

    Total 9.9

    Annual Operation CostCost

    1,000USD

    1 Water gate maintenance 60 200 locations 300USD

    2 Canal maintenance 100 200km500USD/km

    3 Gate operation 48010groupx12,000USD

    100groupsx3,600USD

    4 Monitoring equipment 30 Level logger: 102,000USD,

    5 Hydrology model calculations 50

    6 Gas furnace & Generator maintenance 340

    7 Monitoring Report & Verification 50

    Total 1,110

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    Project Scheme

    Project Scheme

    Indonesian Government

    Min of Public Works (PU)

    Local Government

    Jambi province

    Tanjun Jabun Timur

    Japanese Government

    Consultation

    Japanese

    Project Consortium

    Joint

    Implementation

    SupervisionSupport

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    PARTNERS : Cooperation for FS & Next Steps

    Central government

    -Min. of Public Works

    Local Government

    - Jambi University

    - Jambi Province Government

    - Sriwijaya University

    - Tanjun Jabun Timur Government

    University

    Next Steps

    1. Continued capacity building

    2. PPP Scheme Development under JCM

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    For contact

    Akihiko HIRAYAMA

    [email protected] Corporation

    www.shimz.co.jp

    Shimizu Headquarters The World No.1 Energy Saving Building

    62% less on average

    Terima kasih, Thank you