05_SAP - Defining Data in ABAP Part2

7/30/2019 05_SAP - Defining Data in ABAP Part2

1/30

SAP - Defining Data in

ABAP/4, Part 2


2/30

Reference materials

SAP Teach Yourself ABAP in 21 Days-SAMS.pdf

SAP BC ABAP Programming.pdf

http://help.sap.com
http://help.sap.com/http://help.sap.com/


3/30

Contents

Objectives

Defining Constants

Defining Field Strings

Defining Types

Structured Types

Summary

Q&A


4/30

Contents

Objectives


5/30

Objectives

Use the TABLES statement to define field

strings

Understand the difference between fieldstrings defined using DATA and using TABLES

Understand the TYPES statement and use it todefine your own data types


6/30

Contents

Defining Constants


7/30

Constants

value cannot be changed

use the CONSTANTS statement

1 pre-defined constant: SPACE (same as the literal )

Syntax:

constants c1[(l)] [type t] [decimals d] value 'xxx'.

constants c1 like cv value 'xxx'.

where:

c1 is the name of the constant.

cv is the name of a previously defined constant or variable, or is the name of a field that

belongs to a table or structure in the Data Dictionary.

(l) is the internal length specification. t is the data type.

d is the number of decimal places (used only with type p).

'xxx' is a literal that supplies the value of the constant.


8/30

Constants

constants c1(2) type c value 'AA'.

constants c2 like c1 value 'BB'.

constants error_threshold type i value 5. constants amalgamation_date like sy-datum

value '19970305'.


9/30

Contents

Defining Field Strings


10/30

Field Strings

Field String:

~ structure in DDIC

Defined within ABAP/4 program

2 statements to define field strings:

DATA

TABLES


11/30

DATA Statement

Syntax: data: begin of fs1,

f1[(l)] [type t] [decimals d] [value 'xxx'],

f2[(l)] [type t] [decimals d] [value 'xxx'],

...end of fs1.

data begin of fs1.

data f1[(l)] [type t] [decimals d] [value 'xxx'].

data f2[(l)] [type t] [decimals d] [value 'xxx'].

...[include structure st1.]

data end of fs1.

data fs1 like fs2.


12/30

DATA Statement

where: fs1 is the field string name.

f1 and f2 are the fields (also called components) of thefield string.

fs2 is the name of a previously defined field string, or is thename of a table or structure in the Data Dictionary.

(l) is the internal length specification.

t is the data type.


'xxx' is a literal that supplies a default value.

st1 is the name of a structure or table in the DataDictionary.


13/30

DATA Statement

REPORT y_vu_0802.DATA: BEGIN OF totals_1,

region(7) VALUE 'unknown',

debits(15) TYPE p,

count TYPE i,

END OF totals_1,

totals_2 LIKE totals_1.

totals_1-debits = 100.

totals_1-count = 10.

totals_2-debits = 200.

WRITE: / totals_1-region, totals_1-debits, totals_1-count,

/ totals_2-region, totals_2-debits, totals_2-count.


14/30

A Field String Can Contain Another Field String

REPORT y_vu_0803.

DATA: BEGIN OF names,

name1 LIKE kna1-name1,

name2 LIKE kna1-name2,

END OF names.

DATA: BEGIN OF cust_info,

number(10) TYPE n,

nm LIKE names, "like a field stringEND OF cust_info.

cust_info-number = 15.

cust_info-nm-name1 = 'Jack'.

cust_info-nm-name2 = 'Gordon'.

WRITE: / cust_info-number,cust_info-nm-name1,

cust_info-nm-name2.


15/30

Defined Exactly Like a DDIC Table or Structure

REPORT y_vu_0804.

DATA: my_lfa1LIKE lfa1, "like a table in the DDIC

my_addr LIKE addr. "like a structure in the DDIC

my_lfa1-name1 = 'Andrea Miller'.

my_lfa1-telf1 = '1-243-2746'.

my_addr-land1 = 'CA'.

WRITE: / my_lfa1-name1,

my_lfa1-name2,

my_addr-land1.


16/30

Include DDIC Tables and Structures

REPORT y_vu_0805.

DATA BEGIN OF fs1.

INCLUDE STRUCTURE lfa1.

DATA: extra_field(3) TYPE c,

END OF fs1.

fs1-lifnr = 12.fs1-extra_field = 'xyz'.

WRITE: / fs1-lifnr,

fs1-extra_field.


17/30

LIKE vs INCLUDE

REPORT y_vu_0806.

DATA: BEGIN OF fs1,

mylfa1 LIKE lfa1,

extra_field(3) TYPE c,

END OF fs1.

fs1-mylfa1-lifnr = 12.

fs1-extra_field = 'xyz'.

WRITE: /fs1-mylfa1-lifnr,

fs1-extra_field.

REPORT y_vu_0805.

DATA BEGIN OF fs1.

INCLUDE STRUCTURE lfa1.

DATA: extra_field(3) TYPE c,

END OF fs1.

fs1-lifnr = 12.

fs1-extra_field = 'xyz'.

WRITE: / fs1-lifnr,

fs1-extra_field.


18/30

Using a Field String as a Variable of Type CHAR

REPORT y_vu_0807.

DATA: BEGIN OF fs1,

c1 VALUE 'A',

c2 VALUE 'B',

c3 VALUE 'C',

END OF fs1.

WRITE: / fs1-c1, fs1-c2, fs1-c3,

/ fs1.

fs1 = 'XYZ'.

WRITE: / fs1-c1, fs1-c2, fs1-c3,

/ fs1.


19/30

Assignment Involving Two Field Strings

REPORT y_vu_0808.

DATA: BEGIN OF fs1,

c1 VALUE 'A',

c2 VALUE 'B',c3 VALUE 'C',

END OF fs1,

fs2 LIKE fs1.

fs2 = fs1.

WRITE: / fs2-c1, fs2-c2, fs2-c3.


20/30

TABLES Statement

Syntax:

tables fs1.

where:

fs1 is the field string name. A table or structure of the same name must exist in the Data

Dictionary.

REPORT y_vu_0809.

TABLES lfa1.

lfa1-name1 = 'Bugsy'.

lfa1-land1 = 'US'.

WRITE: / lfa1-name1, lfa1-land1.


21/30

TABLES Statement

It defines a field string.

It gives the program access to a database table ofthe same name, if one exists.

REPORT y_vu_0810.

TABLES lfa1.

SELECT * FROM lfa1 INTO lfa1 ORDER BY lifnr.

WRITE / lfa1-lifnr.

ENDSELECT.


22/30

Contents

Defining Types


23/30

Types

to define own data types base on existing data types

Syntax: types t1[(l)] [type t] [decimals d].

types t1 like v1.

where: t1 is the type name.

v1 is the name of a variable previously defined in theprogram, or is the name of a field that belongs to a tableor structure in the Data Dictionary.

(l) is the internal length specification.

t is the data type.



24/30

TYPES statement

REPORT y_vu_0811.

TYPES char2(2) TYPE c.

DATA: v1 TYPE char2 VALUE 'AB',

v2 TYPE char2 VALUE 'CD'.

WRITE: v1, v2.


25/30

Make Your Code Clearer and Easier to Read

REPORT y_vu_0812.

TYPES: dollars(16) TYPE p DECIMALS 2,

lira(16) TYPE p DECIMALS 0. "italian lira have no decimals

DATA: BEGIN OF american_sums,

petty_cash TYPE dollars,

pay_outs TYPE dollars,

lump_sums TYPE dollars,END OF american_sums,

BEGIN OF italian_sums,

petty_cash TYPE lira,

pay_outs TYPE lira,

lump_sums TYPE lira,

END OF italian_sums.

american_sums-pay_outs = '9500.03'.

"need quotes when literal contains a decimal

italian_sums-lump_sums = 5141.

WRITE: / american_sums-pay_outs,

/ italian_sums-lump_sums.


26/30

Contents

Structured Types


27/30

Structured Types

Structured Type: a user-defined type with the definition of a field string

to Reduce Redundancy and Make Maintenance Easier

REPORT y_vu_0813.

TYPES: BEGIN OF address,

street(25),

city(20),

region(7),

country(15),

postal_code(9),

END OF address.

DATA: customer_addr TYPE address,vendor_addr TYPE address,

employee_addr TYPE address,

shipto_addr TYPE address.

customer_addr-street = '101 Memory Lane'.

employee_addr-country = 'Transylvania'.


28/30

Contents

Summary


29/30

Summary

Field strings:

like DDIC structures

define using DATA or TABLES statement

DATA: local or global visibility TABLES: global and external visibility

TYPES statement

define own data types

User-defined types reduce redundancy and makemaintenance easier.


30/30

Thank you!

Questions & Answers

05_SAP - Defining Data in ABAP Part2

Documents

Transcript of 05_SAP - Defining Data in ABAP Part2