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CONTENTS

Copyright © Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) Malaysia 2016

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be produced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or in any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) Malaysia.

Published byConstruction Industry Development Board Malaysia

All enquiries regarding this document should be forwarded to:

Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) MalaysiaSustainable Construction DivisionLevel 34, Menara Dato’ OnnPusat Dagangan Dunia Putra (PWTC) No. 45, Jalan Tun Ismail50480, Kuala Lumpur.

Tel : 03 - 4047 7344Fax : 03 - 4047 7040Website : www.cidb.gov.my

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Acknowledgement

The Malaysian Carbon Reduction and Environmental Sustainability

Tool, or simply MyCREST, reflects the wisdom and efforts of various

individuals and their organizations. MyCREST began through a series of

meetings and workshops with the willing participation of all

contributors. The system was created in phases which involved close

examination and was finally compiled into several distinct categories

to facilitate public usability.

MyCREST was created through the joint knowledge and expertise of

members of government agencies, public as well as private institutions,

corporations and companies, namely Kementerian Kerja Raya

Malaysia (KKR), Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia (JKR) and Construction

Industry Development Board Malaysia (CIDB). The creation of

MyCREST was only made possible with the invaluable contribution of

the individuals below.

TASK FORCE COMMITTEE

Ir Ahmad ‘Asri Abdul Hamid CIDB Malaysia

Hj Sazali Che Mat CIDB Malaysia

Cik Emasria bt Ismail CIDB Malaysia

Encik Ramlan Bidin CIDB Malaysia

Ir Noraini Bahri CIDB Malaysia

Encik Murali Jayabalan Kementerian Kerja Raya

Malaysia (KKR)

Encik Mohd Fadhil Razmi Kementerian Kerja Raya

Malaysia (KKR)

Encik Kasman Genda Kementerian Kerja Raya

Malaysia (KKR)

Dato’ Ir. Dr. Roslan bin Md. Taha Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia

(JKR)

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Hj. Jalaludin Ahmad Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia

(JKR)

Dr. Ir. Abdul Murad Zainal Abidin Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia

(JKR)

Ir. Abu Harith Hj Shamsuddin Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia

(JKR)

Pn Farah bt Abdul Samad Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia

(JKR)

Encik Hamizan Husain Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia

(JKR)

Ir. Ismail Abd Rahman Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia

(JKR)

Ir. Rozina bt Sudin Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia

(JKR)

Dr Nor Sharene Mohd Ibrahim Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia

(JKR)

Pn. Salina bt Sein Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia

(JKR)

Ir. Nasir Abdul Hamid Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia

(JKR)

Cik Rosnida Mohd Yusof Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia

(JKR)

Ir. Mohd Zaini Abu Hassan Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia

(JKR)

Pn. Syaifatul Afzan Khalip Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia

(JKR)

Mr. Steve Anthony Lojuntin Sustainable Energy

Development Authority

Malaysia (SEDA)

Mr. S Ramesh V Subramaniam IJM Corporation Berhad

Institute of Engineers Malaysia

(IEM)

Ir. Chong Chew Fan Building Sector Energy Efficiency

Project (BSEEP), Environment

and Energy Branch, JKR

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ADVISORY GROUP

Design and Construction

Dr. Puteri Shireen Jahn Kassim International Islamic University

Malaysia.

Encik Mohamad Zainuddin

Hussien

Industry member

Encik Ahmad Firdaus Ahmad

Fuad

CIDB Malaysia

Encik Mustaffa Kamal Bashar

Mohamad Fauzi

International Islamic University

Malaysia

Pn. Basyirah Riduan EAG Consulting Sdn Bhd

Construction and Operations &

Maintenance

Ir. Wan Mohd Yusoff Wan

Othman

EAG Consulting Sdn. Bhd.

Encik Khairusy Syakirin Has-Yun

Hashim

International Islamic University

Malaysia.

External Reviewers

Prof Dato’ Dr. Mansor b. Ibrahim International Islamic University

Malaysia

Prof. Dr, Andrew Miller School of Environment,

University of Brighton, UK

Dr. Kenneth Ip School of Environment,

University of Brighton, UK

Academic consultants

Prof Madya. Ir Zulkifli Othman

Universiti Teknologi MARA

Dr. Rashidi Othman International Islamic University

Malaysia

Dr. Zuraini Denan International Islamic University

Malaysia

Dr. Yousif Abdalla Abakr University of Nottingham

Malaysia

Graphic and Layout Design

Encik Mustaffa Kamal Bashar Mohamad Fauzi

Syed Huzaifah Syed Omar

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Preface : Why Integrate Carbon Reduction

and Sustainability Indicators?

Recent developments in climate change have made it more urgent

for nations, organisations and communities to shift the gear of

sustainability from idealism to concrete action. This is in general, due

to the need to establish a direct response to the climate change

spectre, which has inadvertently moved from an idle threat to a

global phenomenon. Climate change – a global problem requiring

action on a global scale - has the capacity to offset all of past

economic achievements and reduce nations’ socio-economic

conditions. Humanity may be faced with a downgrading of our

standards of living and economic progress, or even a disaster in the

era of future generations. There are increasing signs of the debilitating

threat of global warming and the uncertainty over long-term energy

supplies.

Buildings consume approximately 50% of electricity produced in the

world. As a result, buildings‒whether commercial, institutional and

residential‒are responsible for approximately 30% of greenhouse gas

emissions in the world. The majority of emissions come from burning

fossil fuels to operate the buildings, while others come from

manufacturing of materials as well as operations and long-term

maintenance.

The established green and sustainable building rating systems around

the world have found that there is a need to improved sustainable

building assessment methods based on verification of performance

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and assessing the buildings based on data collected on performance

in use and in current buildings.

The primary objective of MyCREST is to create the Malaysian Carbon

Reduction and Environmental Sustainable Tool (MyCREST) based on a

performance-based objective, to emphasise the role of operations

and create a tool that can quantify the resultant impact on the

environment including carbon emission within the built environment.

Because carbon emission is not the only index or metrics of

sustainability, the assessment systems also intend to address a more

holistic and net benefits of the socio-economic aspects of

sustainability.

The development of MyCREST should be seen in the light of the need

for performance-based standards in addressing green building design,

construction and operations in order to provide a framework linking

sustainability indicators to carbon emission criteria. This serves not only

to mitigate climate change, but to balance these concerns with the

more holistic concerns and goals of sustainable development.

MyCREST is founded on the principle that a model standard must

address building performance beyond those captured by the current

rating systems or other evaluation guides.

Therefore, it has the capacity to measure, monitor and quantify while

at the same time being useable and adoptable in order to be

effective within the construction industry.

The main thrust of MyCREST is that economic growth should be spurred

in ways that minimise environmental impacts of the built environment.

The current unparalleled carbon emission increase, when combined

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with business-as-usual practices can potentially lock buildings,

developments and organisations into a vicious cycle that brings

towards a level of unsustainability. The world, in general, and Malaysia,

in particular, must take stock and make significant changes to its

policies, practices, and standards if this cycle is to be broken. Without

emissions reduction and conservation policies, Malaysia is unlikely to

meet its emission reduction targets.

To fight the global phenomenon that is climate change, two major

agreements have been adopted by the international community,

the United Nations Framework on Climate Change (UNFCCC),

adopted in 1992 in Rio, and the Kyoto Protocol, adopted in 1997. In

contrast to the UNFCCC, the Kyoto Protocol sets quantified and

binding commitments to limiting or reducing greenhouse gas (GHG)

emissions of anthropogenic origin for countries that are developed or

in the transition process towards a market economy, for the 2008 -

2012 commitment periods. These countries are also referred to as

Annex I parties. The developing countries do not have any legally

binding targets under the Kyoto Protocol. The countries without any

targets are also referred to as non-Annex I parties. Malaysia is a non-

Annex I parties.

The Prime Minster of Malaysia Dato Seri Najib Razak delivered

Malaysia’s stand to reduce its carbon dioxide emission to 40 % by the

year 2020 compared to 2005 levels subject to assistance from

developed countries during the United Nations Climate Change

Conference (COP15) in 2009 at Copenhagen. United Nations data

shows Malaysia's carbon emissions in 2006 stood at 187 million tonnes

or 7.2 tonnes from each Malaysian.

http://www.unfccc.int/

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The building sector has been highlighted by the Intergovernmental

Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as the sector with the largest

mitigation potential. It is estimated that both new and existing

buildings sectors have the potential to reduce energy consumption

and carbon emission to a significant level utilising current technologies,

equipment, management systems and solutions. Electricity remains

the main source of energy consumed by Malaysian buildings. Its

growth and trends of consumption are higher in the building sector

than other sectors. Electricity is also the single largest GHG emission

source in Malaysia, representing about 43% of total emissions annually.

From 2000 to 2010, total energy demand of the commercial and

residential sector grew by approximately 80% to 52 % respectively.

Without any action, the building’s sector energy use is forecast to grow

by 60% to 90% between 2005 to 2050. Without investing into more

energy efficient buildings, construction practices and low carbon

impact technologies and practices in new and existing buildings and

developments, there will inevitably be a carbon ‘lock-in’ effect.

Hence, the building sector represents one of the most critical sectors

with a significant potential to mitigate carbon emission and

implement strategies to achieve the carbon reduction goals. By

creating efficient energy and transport systems and implementing

best practices in building design, construction and maintenance,

everyone will share the benefits of increased prosperity in a clean and

safe environment.

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Introduction: What is MyCREST?

MyCREST, or the Malaysian Carbon Reduction and Environmental

Sustainability Tool, aims to guide, assist, quantify, hence reduce, the

built environment’s impact in terms of reduced carbon emissions and

environmental impact, while taking into account a more holistic life-

cycle view of the built environment. It also aims to integrate socio-

economic considerations relating to the built environment and urban

development.

Aims of MyCREST

1. To integrate carbon assessment criteria and reduction

strategies into the matrix of sustainability resulting in a

combined sustainable assessment rating system for the built

environment;

2. To provide a quantifiable carbon assessment within a holistic

sustainable rating system by integrating and extending the

present criteria into life cycle–linked performances and

parameters;

3. To extend the present green building assessment into life-cycle

impacts and its quantification.

4. To combine both carbon emission and sustainable

performance factors into a combined criterion linked to the

design, construction, commissioning and operations of

buildings.

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5. To be in line with the aims of Low Carbon City Framework

(LCCF )by Ministry of Energy, Green technology, and Water

(KeTTHA).

Objectives of MyCREST

1. To quantify the environmental impacts of the built environment

in both carbon reduction and sustainable impact terms.

2. To ensure the best environmental practice according to global

and local standards and targets.

3. To maintain and improve a database of impacts and best

practice case studies to reduce carbon emissions in design and

life-cycle impacts.

4. To raise awareness of the life-cycle impacts of the built

environment and its components.

5. To balance robustness with ‘durability’ and practicality and

ease of use.

6. To produce a tool flexible enough to be used by all

stakeholders, consultants and contractors and for all building

types and scenarios.

7. To balance long and short term targets.

8. To balance environmental and ‘human’ socio–economic

issues.

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Key Definitions

As a working definition list in MyCREST, there are selected definitions,

which are outlined as follows:

1. Certification Phase

This refers to the three certification awards, which have their

own scorecards based on the three main phases of project

going for MyCREST certification;

2. Criteria

This refers to the ‘category’ or ‘group’ of points and based on

which total points can be calculated and totalled

3. Sub-criteria

This refers to term a ‘point’ or credit. One point or sub-criteria

can have several strategies to achieve the point

4. Tools

Typically known as ‘scorecards’ in other green building systems.

In MyCREST, these basic ‘tools’ are then ‘combined’ to make

up the full scoring plan for a project going for MyCREST

certification. This refers to the list of maximum points or sub-

criteria in MyCREST (Sustainable(S), Carbon Reduction (Cr) and

Carbon Impact(Ci), which an applicant can choose from for

any project.

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MyCREST vs Traditional Project Approach

The definition of carbon footprint and carbon impact of buildings,

products and services differ from country to country. Based on a

broad study of definitions, the aim is towards a more holistic

assessment integrated the carbon impact of buildings. MyCREST

draws its principles, primarily criteria and definitions promoted by the

Carbon Trust United Kingdom, PAS 2050 standards, Building Research

Establishment UK and as far as possible, lessons learnt from

international green buildings standards such as LEED and BREEAM. This

shift in emphasis is reflected in the weightage and criteria in MyCREST,

which differ from to the conventional design, construction and

operation processes and to some extent, a different emphasis on the

typical green building rating systems found. These can be summarised

as follows:

TRADITIONAL DESIGN

APPROACH

INTEGRATED MyCREST

APPROACH

Involvement of the project

members is limited to their trade

and specialization

Project members are included

right from start of the project to

draw inputs that will help to

shape the design and planning

process.

Project gets more intensive as it

progresses. Less time is spent at

the early stages.

Project starts off intensively with

pre-design requirements and

time spent on meetings,

charrettes and discussions.

Decisions are made typically by

a few stakeholders such as

owners, architects and

contractors

Decisions made by a team.

Brainstorming sessions, research

and iterative discussion are held

among as many stakeholders as

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possible before decisions are

made.

A linear process is adopted The whole system and life cycle

thinking approach are adopted

The focus is to reduce up-front

capital costs

The project team aims towards

reducing long-term operation &

maintenance costs

Systems are considered in

isolation and often result in over-

designing/over-sizing

Total building performance is

used to assess how each system

affects one another to deliver the

optimum design and

performance must be verified by

monitoring

Project members undertake

limited responsibilities

All team share equal

responsibilities and work together

to solve problems

The linear process ends when

construction of the project is

completed

This approach emphasizes on the

long term performance of the

building and users’ satisfaction

through commissioning, post

occupancy evaluation surveys

and energy audits.

Reference:

1. “Building Planning and Massing” 2010, the Centre for Sustainable Buildings

and Construction, Building and Construction Authority.

Hence, the following highlights the targets of MyCREST:

1. The target of MyCREST is to ensure that the building operates as

a low-carbon building and is not merely designed as one.

2. Carbon assessment method and metrics are fully integrated

into the sustainable framework of MyCREST scorecard.

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3. Carbon reduction targets and strategies are given priority and

emphasis in MyCREST.

4. The need to close the loop and reward by objective

measurements of real-world building performance.

5. A shift towards performance-based evaluation.

6. A shift towards lifecycle performance and impacts – rather

than current performance.

7. A shift towards life cycle implementation –rather than design

only.

8. To align with Low Carbon City Framework (LCCF) from Ministry

of Energy, Green technology, and Water (KeTTHA), and to

achieve both a tool for carbon reduction as well as sustainable

development.

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MyCREST and a Building’s Life Cycle

Another characteristic of MyCREST is the integration and inclusion of

criteria related to the overall building lifecycle, starting from inception

to demolition. MyCREST criteria and sub-criteria touch on or is derived

from each of the phases of the lifecycle of buildings as shown in Figure

1.

Figure 1: A Typical Life Cycle Path of a Building and Its Aspects Which Taken Into Account the Development of the Criteria in MyCREST

Renovation

Construction

Operational&

Maintenence

Demolation

Inception

Design(Conceptual & detailed)

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Figure 2: Overall Impact in Terms of Carbon Emission During the Different Phases in a Building’s Life Cycle

Figure 3: The Life Cycle Processes Reflected into MyCREST Methods, Criteria and Sub-Criteria

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The MyCREST Award – Its Rating Classification

The MyCREST rating system represents a five-tier system starting from one

star to highest 5 star rating that is able to be achieved. Table below show

between percentage score and MyCREST star rating.

To score one star for example, a range between 40%-49% of the total

score must be achieved from the total scored. The total score must be

converted to percentage, by dividing with the maximum points.

Example:

Percentage score = (Total score) / (max score available) x 100

There are three types of certification awarded at each stage (Design,

Construction and Operation and Maintenance). Projects that pass all

three certifications can qualify to be awarded with the Carbon-reduced

Award Label using the weightage as shown in the MyCREST Certification.

If one of the three certifications is left out, the project should only get the

independent (stage) certification. Only projects that pass all three

certifications can qualify for the Carbon-reduced Award Label.

MyCREST RATING Percentage SCORE

(%)

80-100

70 – 79

60 – 69

50 – 59

40 – 49

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DESIGN AWARD

Below is the calculation for the final score in DESIGN stage:

Total score for Air Conditoned

Building

136 points

Max Cr

Point

82 Max Ci

Point

39 Max S

Point

14 IN Point

(Bonus)

7

OR

Total score for Non-Air Conditioned

Building

108 points

Max Cr

Point

39 Max Ci

Point

55 Max S

Point

14 IN Point

(Bonus)

7

Healthcare project must include:

PLUS (+)

Elective Building- Healthcare 6 points

CONSTRUCTION AWARD

Below is the calculation for the final score in CONSTRUCTION stage:

Total score for Air Conditoned Building 128 points

Max Cr

Point

86 Max Ci

Point

29 Max S

Point

13 IN Point

(Bonus)

7

OR

Total score for Non-Air Conditoned

Building

98points

Max Cr

Point

45 Max Ci

Point

41 Max S

Point

13 IN Point

(Bonus)

7

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OPERATION & MAINTENANCE AWARD

Below is the calculation for the final score in OPERATION & MAINTENANCE

stage:

Total score 115 points

Max Cr

Point

73 Max Ci

Point

28 Max S

Point

14 IN Point

(Bonus)

7

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MyCREST Basic Blocks and Structure

Tools

The MyCREST system differs from current green and sustainable building

rating systems in its basic methodology of pursuing assessment and

certification. Basically, it is made of basic ‘tools’ – which is the most

fundamental tool in MyCREST. MyCREST essentially combines these basic

tools in order construct a ‘scoring plan,’ which is then used to assess a

building for certification.

Figure 4:

Basic Tools of the MyCREST System

As in Figure 4 above, the tools are the Design, Construction and O&M

assessment tool, and they represent the basic blocks of how MyCREST

assesses and awards a building. Each tool is the basis of the ‘star’ rating

for each phase of the project.

MyCREST awards different star rating to the different phase of the project

and will award an overall star rating. In this way, all three phases of the

project are assessed.

DESIGN

+

ELECTIVE:

HEALTHCARE

CONSTRUCTION OPERATION &

MAINTENANCE

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‘Tools’ are what conventionally known as ‘scorecards’ in other green

building systems. In MyCREST, assessment, recognition and award is given

separately to the three basic stages of a building’s lifecycle: Design,

Construction and Operations.

Besides given each stage a star rating, an overall rating is also awarded.

These scores are then ‘combined’ based on a weightage to make up

the full scoring plan for overall rating by the MyCREST certification.

The Design Tool

The Design tool basically assesses the “Design Stage’ of a project. It

consists of criteria (or category) and sub-criteria (which are similar to LEED

‘credits’). Each sub criteria have different points ranging from 1- 40 points

with Energy Performance sub-criteria (EP) having the highest number of

points. It consists of criteria (or category) and sub-criteria (which are

given ‘points’). Each criterion has different points with Energy

Performance sub-criteria have the highest number of points.

Elective criteria: Healthcare

In hospital and healthcare projects, project teams may opt to utilize the

healthcare elective criteria that can be added to the design stage

points. If so, the project will have a design stage tool (Healthcare), which

will be awarded certification with the ‘Healthcare’ label. At a later stage,

a total healthcare tool will be developed. For now, there are 6 elective

sub-criteria that can be added to the Basic ‘Design tool’ to make up the

scoring plan. The project is then eligible to be certified specifically for

healthcare certification under MyCREST. Projects are encouraged to

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propose strategies associated with healthcare under the ‘Innovation’

Criteria.

Two Versions of the Design Tool According to Building Type

Buildings in MyCREST, are categorised as typologies that either

predominantly air-conditioned or naturally-ventilated. In MyCREST, here

are two versions of the Design Tool. The ‘Design Tool’ can be selected

from:

1. The Air-conditioned Building version or

2. ‘Non-Air-Conditioned version of the tool depending on whether

the project is predominant air-conditioned or not using air-

conditioning.

If a building is defined as naturally ventilated, the ‘non-AC’ version of the

EP (Energy Performance) criteria and its sub-criteria can be used. Project

teams must check with the MyCREST awarding body whether their

building can be categories as ‘natural-ventilated.’ Overall, natural

ventilation with mechanical assistance should be considered as a

passive strategy for buildings or parts of buildings where occupants do

not expect or require high levels of thermal comfort. Typically, these

spaces or buildings are for transitional functions, leisure or residential

purposes and are essentially already low carbon spaces or buildings.

Hence, the path towards certification is made easier as energy

calculation and calibration no longer required within this non-air-

conditioned variation of the Design tool. This is summarised in Figure 8.

If a project is deemed ‘non-air-conditioned,’ then the entire Energy

performance (EP) portion of the tool can be replaced with the ‘non-air-

conditioned’ version of the Energy Performance Impact (EP) criteria.

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Figure 5: Options Available in MyCREST Tool

Figure 5 summarises the three basic tools that have slightly different sub-

criteria that can add or replaced in order to create a version of the tool

appropriate to the project. In summary, projects must decide whether

their building falls in the AC or non AC category/version or whether they

opt to use the Healthcare elective for healthcare buildings. A building

such as a naturally ventilated healthcare clinic can use both healthcare

and non- AC versions of the Design tool.

The air-conditioned tool is more stringent, more performance-based,

necessitating the use of simulation tools to verify compliance (based on

the baseline performance) to be awarded energy or low carbon points.

Naturally ventilated buildings rely more on passive strategies, and its best

practices must be exercised to ensure comfort conditions are met under

hot, humid conditions throughout the year. The non-air-conditioned

version is prescriptive and is much easier to score. In this way, projects

should firstly look at the possibility of natural ventilating their buildings and

spaces before they consider air-conditioning.

DESIGN

+

ELECTIVE

CONSTRUCTION

OPERATION

& MAINTENANCE

Air-Conditioned Building:

Use AC Version of

MyCREST Tool

Non Air-Conditioned

Building:

Use non-AC Version of

MyCREST Tool

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If a building is defined as naturally ventilated, the non-AC version of the

energy criteria and its sub-criteria can be used. Overall, natural

ventilation under a hybrid mode should be seriously considered as a

passive strategy for buildings where occupants do not expect or require

high levels of thermal comfort. Typically, these buildings are for leisure or

residential purposes and are essentially already low carbon buildings.

Hence, the path towards certification is made easier as Energy

Calculation and Calibration no longer required within this non-air-

conditioned variation of the Design tool.

In hospitals and healthcare projects, project teams may opt to include

the healthcare elective criteria that can be added to the design points.

If so, the project will have a design stage tool (Healthcare) which will be

awarded certification with the ’Healthcare’ label. This is a preliminary

stage in the development of a more comprehensive tool to assess

healthcare facilities in Malaysia. In total, currently, there are 6 elective

sub-criteria that can be added to the Basic ‘Design tool’ to make up the

scoring plan.

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Some of the examples of tools suited for different types of projects are:

Building Typology MyCREST Rating Tool

R&R Centre for PLUS highways

( NV)

My CREST Design and

Construction tool for Non- Air -

Conditioned Buildings

Mosque for 1000 capacity (NV) My CREST Design and

Construction tool for Non-Air-


30-storey office building (AC) My CREST Design and

Construction tool

600-bed hospital with 10

operating theatre(AC)

My CREST Design and

Construction tool (Healthcare)

Primary School ( NV) My CREST Design and

Construction tool for Non-Air-


Resort building (NV) My CREST Non-Air-Conditioned

Design tool

Whether or not a project eligible to define as AC or NV is explained later

in this guide. However, a building should be defined as equally AC and

NV; the review committee will advise on the suitable tools and its versions.

SCORING PLAN

In MyCREST, The combination of the tools makes up the SCORING PLAN

OF THE PROJECT. Project teams must submit their scoring plan during the

Design Stage or even as early as during the registration of the project.

A scoring plan COMBINES two (2) or more TOOLS to make up a complete

MyCREST scoring plan for the project.

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OVERALL SCORE

In MyCREST, the overall score that leads to the overall star rating of a

project is based on the weighted average (50:50) between the Design

and Construction final score. It does not yet include the O& M score

although the star rating for the O&M phase, if used, is stated in the

certificate.

CRITERIA AND SUB-CRITERIA

In MyCREST, a criterion is a category that consists of a list of sub-criteria

which carry points.

SUB-CRITERIA LABEL

Each sub-criteria has a label. The sub-criteria is labelled as follows

depending on the extent and verification of its carbon–related impact.

Each project is required to attain a minimum of 50% of carbon-based

points (Cr) in each criterion within the tool, except for the non-AC version

of the tool. The aim is such that a minimum level of criteria with carbon

impact exists in any scoring plan for any project.

Carbon Reduction ‘Cr’ points are those that contribute to or are

represented by calculators, which aim to assist in quantifying the numeric

relationships between consumption patterns and carbon. They are useful

for carbon emission analysis.

Carbon Impact ‘Ci’ points are points that may impact on carbon

emissions but may not be calculated.

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Sustainable ‘S’ points is a point that does not relate to carbon

emission/reduction but has an impact on other sustainable issues.

CERTIFICATION AND AWARDS

MyCREST requirements: Comply to MyCREST Compulsory sub-criteria

Sub-criteria defined as ‘required’ must be complied for eligibility of

Certification.

In MyCREST, a certification path is the chosen path of scoring towards

the eventual goal of certification by the project teams. MyCREST, in its

present version, can award the following certification:

1. Design & Construction Certification

2. Design and Construction Certification (Healthcare)

3. Design, Construction and Operations Certification

4. Operations and Maintenance Certification

5. Design, Construction and Operations Certification (Healthcare)

The ultimate goal or objective must be decided early on. In MyCREST, a

project may or may not choose to aim for the ‘Carbon-reduced Award’.

Without O&M certification, a project can still achieve ‘Design and

Construction’ certification in MyCREST. If a project chooses to pursue

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and submit for all three stages of the project including O&M, the project

teams must use all 3 tools available and achieve minimum requirement

stipulated in each tool. Only Projects that have achieved O&M

certification can be eligible for a Carbon-reduced Award or ‘label’ by

MyCREST.

The Project’s certification path is critical and must be outlined in the

Project sustainable brief. It determines the project goal and has an

impact on the budget, organisation and resources towards the final

certification received by the Project. For example:

a) Projects Going For Only Design and Construction Certification

These projects must combine BOTH Design and Construction or

Design, Construction and Operations MyCREST tools into a

SCORING PLAN FOR THE PROJECT. Projects can choose which

level of Star rating and hence the total score based on each tool.

+ =

Figure 6: Design & Construction Certification Paths

DESIGN CONSTRUCTION

(50%) (50%)

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b) Projects Going For Carbon-reduced Award

In this case, project team must combine ALL 3 TOOLS in order to

construct a SCORING PLAN FOR the project which must combine

Design, Construction and Operations stages. Each tool can be

used to achieve a different star rating.

+

Figure 7: Total Certification Pathways Towards Carbon-reduced Award

WEIGHTED AVERAGE FOR OVERALL SCORE

To calculate the overall score, different weightage are given to the

scores of tools depend on the certification path. Weightage is the

percentage weight given to each total score under each stage with its

tool. The weightage given to the scores of different stages make up the

overall score. In MyCREST, Design and Construction scores are weighted

50:50 to achieve the overall score. Project teams are encouraged to use

DESIGN CONSTRUCTION

OPERATION & MAINTENANCE

(50%) (50%)

(minimum to maximum score )

+ =

31 | P a g e

the Executive summary calculator in the MyCREST calculator tool to see

how the weightage of the scores based on each tool affects the scoring

plan and the final OVERALL SCORE and star rating given to the project.

Weightage are given to different total points in each tool according to

the Certification path chosen by project teams (refer Figure 6 and 7).

In summary, each certification and award will be a mark of recognition

of the industry to the performance and contribution of buildings and its

design, construction and operations team towards sustainability and low

carbon practices in the construction industry. These certificates are the

acknowledgement of both the team and the buildings performance. If

the team manages to complete a full cycle of MyCREST Tools “Design,

Construction and Operation & Maintenance,” the team is eligible to be

awarded the MyCREST Carbon-reduced Award Label.

The MyCREST structure introduces and aims to strengthen the rating

system life-cycle concepts and framework of assessment and hence, the

impacts and implications. This life-cycle concept becomes the basis of

the scorecard organisation.

This life-cycle structure and framework ensure that the MyCREST contains

all core points that create an impact at every major phase of a building

lifecycle. Scores and sub-criteria related to each lifecycle is either

touched upon in the criteria itself or the tool category. These have an

impact or a score in MyCREST, which will induce improvement and

strategies in each major phase of the lifecycle.

32 | P a g e

MyCREST Framework

Figure 8:

The MyCREST Framework and the Range of Building Typologies Covered in the Current Version

33 | P a g e

MyCREST FRAMEWORK: EXISTING BUILDINGS

Typically all new buildings are defined as “NEWLY CONSTRUCTED AND

MAJOR RENOVATIONS.’ These include newly constructed or major

renovations, which entail the addition of total Gross Floor Area (GFA)

from existing GFA to be renovated. A major renovation must involve

elements of Air Conditioning and Mechanical Ventilation (ACMV)

renovation, significant envelope modifications and major interior design

rehabilitations.

EXISTING BUILDINGS (EB)

However Existing Buildings can also be certified under MyCREST. The

underlying philosophy behind this certification path is to allow existing

buildings that have been certified green and those who are not yet

certified green but which can undertake renovations to be able to be

certified by MyCREST.

There are two certification pathways of rating systems for EB (existing

buildings)

1. For EB-GREEN FEATURES (Existing Buildings with Energy

Efficiency features)

Buildings that have achieved any form of green certification

or have been designed to be ‘green-based’, which is already

implementing energy saving and water saves measures. The

building can be considered as EE building if it comply with the

followings:

34 | P a g e

a. Comply fully with MS1525 version 2007

AND

Demonstrate the building achieve 6% reduction from

MyCREST baseline.

OR

b. Comply with Zone 1A requirement and Appendix G

ASHRAE 90.1 2007 OR

c. Comply with JKR EE need statement

OR

d. A certified Green building that has achieved final

construction certification and fully commissioned.

2. For EB – WITHOUT EE FEATURES (Existing Buildings without Energy

Efficiency features)

Buildings that are not yet green, nor have yet to achieve the

minimum EE compliances and standards, which undergo

renovation, retrofitting, refurbishment or minor MVAC

modification or additions without the additional of existing

GFA is considered as Non-Energy Efficient Existing Building.

In both bases, a MyCREST Carbon-based Assessment exercise

must be undertaken for all buildings to assess the current

business-as–usual scenario or level and to assess the ‘gap’

needed to achieve the minimum standards.

35 | P a g e

MyCREST Rating System: Assessing Carbon

Impact

The integration of carbon assessment and indicators in MyCREST are

basically divided into four (4) broad areas based on international

definitions of carbon assessment: Carbon Emission, Embodied Carbon,

Carbon Sequestration and Carbon Offset. These four areas will have

separate carbon ‘quantification’. Another area is also introduced i.e.

“Carbon Avoidance’. However, Carbon Avoidance parameter is still in

its very early stages and will be quantified in later versions of MyCREST.

This is outlined in Figure 9.

Hence, four areas of carbon emission are assessed in varied extents in

MyCREST;

a. Carbon Emission (Operational)

b. Embodied Carbon

c. Carbon Offset

d. Carbon Sequestration

CARBON EMISSION ASSESSMENT

1. Operational Carbon

Of primary importance is the carbon connected to

operational energy. Typically, the burning of fossil fuels

connected with operating buildings is responsible for

approximately 70 to 80% of the CO2 footprint of the building.

The 2030 Challenge aims to reduce this CO2 levels to zero by

the year 2030.

36 | P a g e

2. Embodied Energy

Building materials contain carbon associated with the

embodied energy of building materials. Embodied energy is

the energy required to extract, manufacture and supply

material to the point of use (i.e. the energy to construct the

building). It is extremely complicated to calculate as the issues

surrounding manufacturing vary from one place to another.

Materials themselves can make differing contributions to the

overall energy-efficiency of a building, particularly where

impact/energy reduction is the primary goal of designing for

carbon neutrality. This is most clear when comparing materials

either on their ability to retain heat (act as thermal mass) or on

their capability to resist heat flow (act as insulation). The

increased embodied energy of a material (such as concrete)

may be warranted due to its capacity to store heat (free

passive solar heat!).

3. Activities and Transportation Factors

Carbon is produced by people and their activities, including

during transportations to and from work, or during business

travels and other organizational activities. This relates to the

Scope 3 Indirect Emissions (organizational activities) in

standard Carbon Footprint calculation methodology. The

travel distance to the building factors very much affected to

this aspect of carbon, as well as the means of transportation.

4. Site Factors and Management

37 | P a g e

Site disturbance during construction releases carbon into the

atmosphere. The more the site can be left alone (and the

construction/excavation impacts minimized), the less CO2 is

released.

5. Carbon Offset and Sequestration Factors

MyCREST integrates the importance of such ‘sequestration’

greenery strategies in carbon offsetting through its site

management category that not only aims to achieve long-

term benefits of site planning and design (including reduced

long-term heat island impact of development), but also

creates a long-term carbon dioxide sink.

Treatment and preservation of the site, eventual landscape

treatment, choice of planting and materials can begin to

sequester carbon for the life of a project. Sequestration

strategies can be represented by a concentrated group of

plants or any other primary producer that essentially binds

carbon dioxide into biomass. Examples are those within forests

and plantations, which are not carbon negative as sinks are

not permanent.

A carbon dioxide sink of this type moves carbon, in a form of

carbon dioxide, from the atmosphere or hydrosphere to the

biosphere. Carbon dioxide sinks the stored carbon dioxide in

the Earth's crust by injecting it into the subsurface, or in the form

of insoluble carbonate salts (mineral sequestration). They are

considered carbon negative because they are removing

38 | P a g e

carbon from the atmosphere and sequestering it indefinitely,

presumably for a considerable duration (thousands to millions

of years).

39 | P a g e

Figure9: The Outcome of MyCREST Assessment and Rating Summarising the Total Scorecard of Sustainable Indicators According to Lifecycle and the Carbon Impact Assessment of Various Criteria

MyCREST Building Rating SystemMalaysian Carbon Reduc on and Environmental Sustainability Tool

Project NameProject Location

Building Rating

Project Gross Floor Area* m2

Building TypeBuilding Categories

Date*GFA must excludes Car Parks ** Involve 1 year value * Involve once per building lifespan

Design Stage Design Stage

PD - Pre-Design IS - Infrastructure and Sequestration

EP - Energy Performance Impacts

OH - Occupant & Health

EC - Lowering the Embodied Carbon

WE - Water Efficiency Factors SC - Social and Cultural Sustainability

DP - Demolition & Disposal Factors

IN - Sustainable and Carbon Initiatives (Bonus Points)

Criteria

Infrastructure and Sequestration

Occupant & Health

Lowering the Embodied Carbon

TOTAL POINTS (ELECTIVE)

iii- Electricity use during Construction*

iv- Water Usage during Construction*

IS - Infrastructure and Sequestration

EP - Energy Performance Impacts



WE - Water Efficiency Factors SC - Social and Cultural Sustainability

DP - Demolition & Disposal FactorsIN - Sustainable and Carbon Initiatives (Bonus)

IS - Infrastructure and Sequestration ManagementEP - Energy Performance Impacts



WE - Water Efficiency Factors

WM - Waste Management and Reduction i- Site Conservation **

FM - Sustainable Facility ManagementIN - Sustainable and Carbon Initiatives (Bonus Points)

MyCREST Rating Levels

New Construction

Design Construction

New Construction / Existing Building

Operation & Maintenance

`

Construction Stage

0

Criteria

TOTAL POINTS (CORE) (EXCLUDE BONUS POINTS)

Construction Points

0

New Construction (Embodied Carbon )

0.00 0.00 #DIV/0!

Percentage Reduction (%)

ReductionActual

Operational Carbon (Operation & Maintenance)

0

BAUTypes

New Construction: Operational Carbon (Design & Construction)

Operation & Maintenance Stage Certification

(Target Points)

Construction Stage Certification

( Target Points)

New Construction / Existing Building (Operation & Maintenance)

6

0

7

2 0

REDUCE CARBON LABEL 0%

NO RATING0.0%0

Total Carbonized Score

Maximum Carbonized Scoring (%)

50 - 59 (%) 2 Star40 - 49 (%) 1 Star

MyCREST Final Rating System

Design & Construction

MyCREST Final Certification

NO RATING

0

4 Star

#DIV/0!Actual Operational Carbon -

Target Points

60 - 69 (%)

70 - 79 (%)


i- Renewable Energy **

Total Carbon Emission Assessment (TCarbon)

Carbon Offset

Carbon Sequestration

v- Waste Management **

-

Reduction

0

0

Total Carbon Emission (TEmission)

Carbon Intensity per sq.m

(tCO2e/m2)

Carbon Dioxide (tCO2e)

Phase

#VALUE!

#DIV/0!0.000

0.000 #DIV/0!

Operational Carbon (DESIGN)

Operational Carbon (O&M)

Embodied Carbon (CONSTRUCTION) #VALUE!

Actual

-

-

i- Operating Energy **

Embodied Carbon

Construction Carbon Calculator

Estimated Operational Carbon

-

-

Operation Carbon

ii- Water Usage (Verification) **

-

Construction Stage

i- Operating Energy (Verification)**

Carbon Capture Carbon Offset


28

Carbon Intensity per sq.m (tCO2e/m2)

Total Carbon (tCO2e)

-

#VALUE!

-

Operation Carbon

iii- Staff Transportation **

Operation & Maintenance Stage

Operation & Maintenance Carbon Calculator Carbon Emission Carbon OffsetCarbon Capture

ii- Water Usage **

16

Project Details

Criteria Maximum Points

6 0

House & Residential

MyCREST Rating Stage

Design Stage

Construction stage


Design Points

3 0

Target Points

0

0

39

TOTAL POINTS (CORE) (EXCLUDE BONUS POINTS) 108

Design Elective Points - Healthcare

#VALUE!

Carbon Emission

tCO2e per year**tCO2e*

8 0

0

0

0

0

61

3

2

Maximum Points

7

0

5

3

0

-

Design Carbon Calculator Carbon Emission Carbon Capture

Target Points

Carbon Offset

Operation Carbon

0.00Estimated Embodied Carbon

i- Site Conservation **


0



0

-

Carbon Offset

-

-

i- LCA Materials *

ii- Water Usage **

-

i- Operating Energy **- -

#VALUE!

-

-

tCO2e per year** -


-

-

Carbon Offset

#DIV/0!

-

-

-

Target Points

-


vi- LCA Materials *

-

0.0%Total Carbon Emission Assessment (TCarbon)

tCO2e*

0.00


Actual Embodied Carbon #VALUE!

tCO2e per year** -

12

iv- Low-Emitting Vehicles **

Verified Operational Carbon

- -

98


Criteria

15


0


5 Star

Total Credit Score (%) MyCREST Rating

0

10

7

59

10

0

0

0

80 -100 (%)


-

0

0

0

Target Points

0

- - -

ii- Construction Waste Management *

Total Carbon Emission Assessment (TCarbon)Design Points

0.00

Embodied Carbon

#DIV/0!#DIV/0!

v- Materials Transportation * -

i- Construction Mechinery *


Maximum Points

NO RATING

29

0

0.0%

Maximum Points

6

0

007

4

5

19

29

0

0

Design Stage Certification

(Target Points) 0 NO RATING

MyCREST Final Certification

Target Rating Scoring

0.0%0.0%

0.0%

0.0%50%

Target Star 0%

0.0%

Project Phase

Total 0.0%


Target Star NO RATING 0%

50%

100% 0.0%

Total Carbon Reduction

3 Star

Operational Carbon (Verification)

Embodied Carbon (from Cradle to Gate only)

Baseline / BAUTypes

0

0

#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!

OPERATIONAL CARBONCO2 emitted during the life of a building, from regulated and unregulated loads associated with the use of a building. This includes the emissions from the heating, cooling, lighting, etc.

EMBODIED CARBONCO2 emitted during the extraction of raw materials, manufacturing, transporting, construction of a building materials, together with the end of life emissions.

CARBON SEQUESTRATION“The process of removing carbon from the atmosphere and depositing it in a reservoir. When carried our deliberately, this may also be referred to as carbon dioxide removal, which is a form of geo-engineering.

CARBON OFFSETA reduction in emissions of carbon or green house gases made in order to compensate for or to offset an emission.

AVOIDED CARBON EMISSIONSRecover as much as possible the treated products, either as materials (reuse, recycling, composting…), or as energy (incineration with energy recovery…). The materials and energy recovered substitute for the materials/energy whose production would have emitted GHG

TOTAL CARBON EMISSION ASSESSMENTAnnually:[(A – C – D) + B] / GFA (sq.m) = Building Carbon Emission Intensity per sq.m

A

B

C

D

E

40 | P a g e

INTEGRATION OF CARBON CALCULATORS

Carbon Calculators are integrated into the MyCREST Scorecard as an

indication of the carbon-based rating tools. Three labels have been

introduced to identify which points contribute to carbon

emission/reduction and sustainable impacts. Carbon calculators will

then be developed based on those labels.

The labels are categorised as follows:

1. Carbon Reduction (Cr)

2. Carbon Impact (Ci)

3. Sustainable (S)

The structure of MyCREST is based on total MyCREST point’s accumulation

and weightage based on various criteria. The scoring weightage reflects

the average weightage from the combination of these green building

and sustainable rating systems.

1. As Malaysia is yet to have a carbon intensity database or carbon

index of buildings and master plan, the present MyCREST system

converts points to carbon emission values. However, key points

such as energy and water are based on the award of

‘percentage savings on emissions above a baseline value.’ These

savings are converted to points and reconverted to carbon

emission value in the MyCREST total carbon summation page.

2. The overall award essentially gives three certifications to different

phases of the project in recognition of the excellence of Design,

41 | P a g e

Construction and O&M teams in achieving their targets and

performances.

Average weighted value is then given to various achievements of

the different stages in order to qualify for the MyCREST overall

Carbon-reduced Award. Project teams that do not undertake a

minimum of 1 star of the O&M certification cannot qualify for the

MyCREST overall Carbon-reduced Award. They can only achieve

the MyCREST Design and Construction certificates for different

levels.

3. To this date, the Ci points are the points that contribute to carbon

reduction without a practical and standard method to calculate.

With better research and development, more and more Ci points

will be converted to Cr points, with the future revisions of MyCREST.

After implementing the tools, through a range of strategies and

technologies and with the minimum carbon-based points scoring,

total data must be extracted from all carbon calculators and

summated in an executive summary. Basically in terms of

summation and scorecards, MyCREST requires the following to be

submitted:

42 | P a g e

MyCREST CALCULATORS

The followings are highlights and features of the MyCREST calculators:

1. The baselines are as described in the Appendices of the

respective MyCREST reference guides.

2. The baselines derived from methodologies and minimum

standards derived from various Malaysian and International

Standards such as ASHRAE, IESNA and MS1525:2007.

3. In order to encourage and promote industry conversion and

investment to energy efficiency technologies and practices for

existing buildings, the baseline level is the BAU level of energy use

of the building during project registration. This must be based on

an energy audit undertaken within three months of the proposed

building registration for the MyCREST certification.

4. Energy and water carbon conversion factors derived from the

latest factor forwarded by KeTTHA.

5. All templates must be used for the MyCREST submission.

6. This includes buildings that used dynamic simulation for energy

efficiency savings and points; the MyCREST template must be

filled-in for submission in the final phase.

THE MyCREST SUMMATION: OPERATIONAL VS EMBODIED CARBON

EMISSIONS

Currently, there are no index or methodologies that can combine both

operational and embodied carbon in a single carbon index. Hence,

throughout its rating system, MyCREST emphasis in on the OPERATIONAL

CARBON PERFORMANCE. However, it cannot ignore the carbon impacts

43 | P a g e

of harvesting, manufacturing of materials and the carbon used while

constructing a building.

Hence, concerning building embodied carbon, MyCREST and its

associated calculators aim to take into account not only the cradle-to-

gate, gate-to-gate, gate–to-cradle impacts of construction but also

factors such as transportation carbon emission, site in-use carbon and

construction within the site. The factors that represent the basis of

selected scores and calculators to represent embodied carbon in

buildings is illustrated in Figure 10.

In MyCREST, the embodied carbon summation consists of carbon locked

into the manufacturing of materials, i.e. represent the intensity or volume

of carbon required to produce a material, together with carbon emission

as a result of the transportation of materials to the building site and within

the construction site itself throughout the construction period.

MyCREST acknowledges that there are limitations to current databases

that can link to the Malaysian scenario. Hence, in scores and criteria

related to embodied carbon, part of the aims is to build the database

and not to present the absolute and complete picture of the embodied

carbon. A project that go beyond this can apply for exemplary

performance and additional points. Due to limitations in database,

MyCREST touches on all phases within the ‘cradle to cradle’ lifecycle

phase of the building. However, the data that need to be provided by

project teams are basic compared with similar ratings throughout the

world. The basic emphasis is the ‘cradle to gate’ emissions in MyCREST.

These emissions typically depend on the materials used in the building

structure and construction specifications particularly on major

44 | P a g e

components such as walls and roofs as these present the greatest

embodied carbon impact.

Projects that aim for lower levels of MyCREST are encouraged to focus

on criteria and strategies that lower their operational carbon. Only

projects aiming for higher levels of MyCREST should target the embodied

carbon sub-criteria and points. A five star MyCREST building that is

approaching a zero emission building is assessed and defined more in

operational terms, but not in embodied terms.

Figure 10: The Factors Taken into Account in the Calculation and Summation of Embodied Carbon in the Building in MyCREST

45 | P a g e

From Figure 10, each of the CO2 emission sources linked to embodied

carbon definition is taken into account in MyCREST calculators. In

essence, embodied carbon in MyCREST refers to all sources of carbon

emission which are ‘locked’ into the construction and which remain a

constant value from the time of the start of building occupancy and

operations.

Once the building is handed over and occupied, MyCREST operational

carbon emission calculation takes over. The embodied carbon for any

replacement of materials and disposal of material is considered as LIFE

CYCLE EMBODIED CARBON.

Each source of carbon emission during the construction phase is then

linked to the generic term used in many Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) tools

and systems found today such as ‘cradle to cradle’ or ‘cradle to gate[’.

Sources such as electricity and water used on the site during the

construction period are additional factors - differentiating MyCREST

embodied carbon definition to the LCA–based standard product

assessments. In MyCREST, as project teams need not give the entire

embodied carbon assessment of the building, but a minimum number of

elements that must be submitted. MyCREST does not require a

summation of every element within a building.

Basically, embodied carbon emission related to ‘cradle to factory gate’

is closely influenced by the type of material selected. As a rule, more

naturally-produced materials tend to have low-embodied carbon while

highly-manufactured or synthetic materials have high-embodied carbon.

The embodied impact of a component was a function of both scale and

material specified. Not all materials are represented and a research is still

being undertaken to achieve a better representation of the embodied

46 | P a g e

carbon of materials. It is not possible to calculate the entire building

embodied carbon for current MyCREST system.

In MyCREST, the general procedure used to calculate the unit embodied

carbon (kgCO2/m2) closely resembles the principles used in the BREEAM

assessment and rating system; they generally must follow through the

following process:

1. Identify significant components in a building as per outlined in the

calculator.

2. The manufacturers’ data on carbon emission factors is derived

from the GreenPASS database, which is based on theInventory of

Carbon and Energy( ICE).

3. Each element is measured based on Bill of Quantities and

drawings information.

4. Dense figures are applied to each element to gain mass data (kg)

when required.

5. Divide the total embodied carbon by gross floor area of each

building to achieve the unit embodied carbon (kgCO2/m2).

MyCREST CARBON SUMMATION

1. The MyCREST carbon summation summary totals up and

apportions the carbon emission calculations and emissions of the

different Cr sub-criteria with the MyCREST calculators.

2. It gives a breakdown to total operational and embodied carbon

emission, carbon offset and carbon sequestration.

3. The MyCREST summation page and template still SUMMATE AND

DIFFERENTIATE between operational and embodied carbon

47 | P a g e

emission; project teams must FOCUS on the REDUCTION

operational carbon in order to reduce carbon emission.

Operational carbon is calculated based on its standard lifetime

of a building for 50 years.

Calculations for carbon sequestration and carbon offset are also

based for 50 years.

Embodied carbon is only totalled for one year as it is based on

one-time design specifications of a proposed building.

4. Data on the embodied data is still in infant stage in the Malaysian

context. Ideally, there must be a database of building and

construction assemblies to which the MyCREST can derive the

embodied carbon of each construction component and

summate them in the MyCREST calculators.

5. Hence, the MyCREST embodied carbon scoring system and

calculators are DESIGNED to encourage the data collection,

practice and research into the LCA, but this must be viewed as

the first step and preliminary stage.

6. Currently, there are LCA international databases such as SimaPro

and Gabi, which cannot be related directly to values within this

context ‒ they, have yet to give the absolute values related to the

Malaysian scenario. However, they can provide an overview of

the embodied carbon of each construction material or assembly

for decision-making purposes. The baseline of the embodied

carbon intensity is based on (1) a conventional concrete building

with a steel roof, (2) conventional windows and doors, and (3)

glazing systems.

7. The MyCREST total carbon summation calculator aims to

represent the carbon profile of a building. This is where design

emissions, embodied carbon from manufacturing and

construction activities, operational carbon emissions and

48 | P a g e

demolition impacts all contribute to the total carbon impact or

the carbon profile of a MyCREST building during its lifespan.

8. Each building will have a different generated carbon profile.

These are useful when striving for higher MyCREST and carbon

emissions standards over the design life of a building. The value of

the embodied carbon associated with construction materials

within the context of the total carbon profile of a building is

typically about 15% to 20% of the lifetime of a building. The bulk of

carbon emission in a building always comes from the operational

criteria, sub-criteria and phases.

It is hoped, over time, a database on carbon emission and its summation

based on the broad range of buildings available in Malaysia will be

developed, and this will bring towards an enhancement where scoring

and rating can be directly linked to carbon indices.

49 | P a g e

Essence of MyCREST

Figure 11: MyCREST Integration Framework: Carbon Indicators and Sustainable Criteria

50 | P a g e

Figure 12: Building Lifecycle and Carbon Calculators (1)

OPERATION

& MAINTENANCE

• Plant Inventory

on Greenery • Carbon

Accounting on

Site (For

Greenfield or

Graded Land) • Urban Heat

Island Mitigation • Building Energy

Efficiency

Performance • Lifecycle

Analysis (LCA) -

Structural

Elements • Water

Conservation

Strategies

• Carbon Accounting on

Site (For Greenfield or

Graded Land) • Emission Reporting-

Construction Machinery • Metered Electricity Usage

During Construction • Building Energy Efficiency

Performance -

Verification • Construction Waste

Management • Lifecycle Analysis (LCA) -

Structural Elements • Construction Materials

Transportation • Water Conservation

Strategies On Site • Water Conservation

Strategies - Verification

• Conserve Natural Ecology

of Landscape Element • Stormwater Management

Plan • Improving Energy

Performance • Assessing Water Efficiency

Performance • Solid Waste Management -

Ongoing Consumables

51 | P a g e

Figure 13:

A Building Lifecycle, Criteria in MyCREST and Integration of Carbon Calculators for

Quantification and Assessment (2)

PRE-DESIGN

DESIGN STAGE

•IS Req1 Plant Inventory on

Greenery

•ISINV01

•IS2 Carbon Accounting on Site (For Greenfield or

Graded Land)

•ISCAL01

•IS6 Urban Heat Island Mitigation

•ISCAL02

•EP11 Building Energy Efficiency

Performance

•EPCAL01

•EC6 Lifecycle Analysis (LCA) -

Sturctural Elements

•ECCAL01

•WE1 Water Conservation

Strategies

•WECAL01

CONSTRUCTION STAGE

•IS9 Carbon Accounting on Site (For Greenfield or

Graded Land)

•ISCAL02

•IS12 Emission Reporting-

Construction Machinery

•ISCAL03

•EP17 Metered Electricity Usage

During Construction

•EPCAL02

•EP20 Building Energy Efficiency

Performance -Verification

•EPCAL03

•EC11 Construction Waste Management

•WMCAL01

•EC13 Lifecycle Analysis (LCA) -

Sturctural Elements

•ECCAL02

•EC15 ConstructionMaterial

s Transportation

•ECCAL03


Strategies On Site

•WECAL02


Strategies -Verification

•WECAL03

OPERATIONS AND

MAINTENANCE

•IS15 Conserve Natural Ecology of

Landscape Element

•ISCAL04

•IS16 Stormwater Management Plan

•ISCAL05

•EP24 Improving Energy Performance

•EPCAL04

•WE10 Assessing Water Efficiency

Performance

•WECAL04

•WM2 Solid Waste Management -

Ongoing Consumables

•WMCAL02

DISPOSAL

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MyCREST CARBON-REDUCED AWARD LABEL

The MyCREST final carbon reduction label is a carbon reduction

award for buildings. If a building principally and minimally scores on

design, construction and O&M scorecard, they are eligible for this

award. The certification states the overall star rating score and the

breakdown of design, construction and operations final score. The

following are the total scoring points under each certification stage:

a. MyCREST (Design) scorecard

a. Air-Conditioned Building scorecard (136 points)

b. Non-Air-Conditioned Building (108 points)

b. MyCREST (Construction) scorecard

a. Air-Conditioned Building scorecard (128 points)

b. Non-Air-Conditioned Building (98 points)

c. MyCREST (O&M) scorecard (Total 115 points)

A project can achieve two types of final certification and final score

1. MyCREST Building Design and Construction certification

2. MyCREST Building Design and Construction and O&M

certification with Carbon-reduced Award Label

The following percentage weightage must be implemented to the

total rating to achieve the certification

1. Design and Construction (50:50)

2. Design and Construction (50:50) and O&M ( minimum score);

eligible for Carbon-reduced Award Label

MyCREST Carbon-reduced Award Label is given only to MyCREST

projects that are certified based on the completion the entire cycle

of the Design, Construction and O&M scoring.

53 | P a g e

My CREST Carbon-reduced Award is intended to grant buildings and

projects that have proven their operational performance. Primarily,

the MyCREST O&M scorecard is developed based on criteria related

to best practices during building operation towards reducing carbon

emissions and impact on the environment and enhancing building

performance. This scorecard can be applicable for both new building

(who target for MyCREST Carbon-reduced Award) and existing

building.

The MyCREST rating includes the operational criteria and practices

AND design and construction CRITERIA. Hence, an existing building

can either certify by implementing EITHER the full design, construction

and O&M scoring OR O&M scoring only. However, an existing building

that opted to be certified using the O&M scoring and certification

pathway can only attain the MyCREST Carbon Award Label if it scores

3 stars above.

In this way, not only does the philosophy of the MyCREST initially

outlined within its concepts and foundations is achieved, but it gives

a simple method of achieving a total score and certification level

based on the weightage of the three main scorecards to assess the

MyCREST new and existing buildings. Essentially for a new building, the

weightage is focused on achieving excellence in the design phase

and hence, its scorecard. For an existing building, the weightage is

focused on the O&M phase and hence, its scorecard.

MyCREST STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES

The various MyCREST-related standards and guidelines are outlined in

the MyCREST reference guide. Unless stated, at the point of a MyCREST

54 | P a g e

project registration, the current version of the standard or guideline

required by the MyCREST criteria applies.

MyCREST NON AIR-CONDITIONED RATING SYSTEM

For building and projects that qualify to use this rating system, all

energy performance points can now use the Non-AC criteria and

hence, scores. There is no need for simulation. This relatively easier

path is based upon the fact that non-AC category buildings are

essentially the low carbon ones.

MyCREST AND NATURAL VENTILATION

Natural ventilation strategies in both AC and NON-AC buildings are

rewarded in MyCREST. In the AC building, however, only a maximum

of two points can be gained through the NV strategies. The conditions

whereby an NV strategy within a space can be accepted in MyCREST

as an EE strategy is outlined in the MyCREST reference guide. These

relate to sub-criteria that must comply according to the requirements

outlined in the non-AC scorecard for each type of strategy.

Hence, the inclusion and acceptance of natural ventilation as an EE

strategy is subjected to these requirements and also to be subject to

the review of the assessment committee. The aim is to ensure that the

natural ventilation (NV) strategies are valid without sacrificing comfort.

55 | P a g e

Summation Structure of MyCREST Carbon-

reduced Award Label

Within the MyCREST scorecard system is a framework of carbon

impact calculations within a building. This is because an estimation of

the building footprint and reductions (if possible) below a baseline are

required at the end of the MyCREST process and scoring method.

Although the current acceptable standard in the international circle

is mainly to account for operational carbon, MyCREST intends to give

an overall assessment, as well as presents a more holistic life-cycle

based on the overview of carbon–based impact of a MyCREST

certified building.

To achieve this, all MyCREST calculators will be linked to a central

summation calculator, which not only could summate the points per

criteria and link this with the level of MyCREST certification for a

building, but also estimate the lifecycle carbon impact of the building.

MyCREST carbon assessment is based on principles derived from the

following methods:

1. The Clean Metrics method

2. The Carbon Trust method

56 | P a g e

Figure14: MyCREST Scorecard Summary and Carbon Calculation

MyCREST Building Rating SystemMalaysian Carbon Reduction and Environmental Sustainability Tool

Project NameProject LocationBuilding Rating

Project Gross Floor Area* m2

Building TypeBuilding Categories

Date*GFA must excludes Car Parks ** Involve 1 year value * Involve once per building lifespan

Design Stage Design Stage

PD - Pre-Design IS - Infrastructure and SequestrationEP - Energy Performance Impacts

OH - Occupant & Health EC - Lowering the Embodied CarbonWE - Water E�ciency Factors SC - Social and Cultural Sustainability DP - Demolition & Disposal Factors IN - Sustainable and Carbon Initiatives (Bonus Points)

Criteria

Infrastructure and SequestrationOccupant & Health

Lowering the Embodied Carbon TOTAL POINTS (ELECTIVE)

iii- Electricity use during Construction*

iv- Water Usage during Construction*

IS - Infrastructure and SequestrationEP - Energy Performance ImpactsOH - Occupant & Health EC - Lowering the Embodied Carbon

WE - Water E�ciency Factors SC - Social and Cultural Sustainability

DP - Demolition & Disposal FactorsIN - Sustainable and Carbon Initiatives (Bonus)

IS - Infrastructure and Sequestration ManagementEP - Energy Performance ImpactsOH - Occupant & Health EC - Lowering the Embodied Carbon WE - Water E�ciency Factors

WM - Waste Management and Reduction i- Site Conservation **FM - Sustainable Facility ManagementIN - Sustainable and Carbon Initiatives (Bonus Points)

MyCREST Rating Levels

New Construction

Design Construction

New Construction / Existing Building


`

Construction Stage

0

Criteria

TOTAL POINTS (CORE) (EXCLUDE BONUS POINTS)

Construction Points

0

New Construction (Embodied Carbon )

0.00 0.00 #DIV/0!


ReductionActual

Operational Carbon (Operation & Maintenance)

0

BAUTypes

New Construction: Operational Carbon (Design & Construction)

Operation & Maintenance Stage Certi�cation

(Target Points)

Construction Stage Certi�cation

( Target Points)

New Construction / Existing Building (Operation & Maintenance)

6

0

7

2 0

REDUCE CARBON LABEL 0%

NO RATING0.0%0

Total Carbonized Score

Maximum Carbonized Scoring (%)

50 - 59 (%) 2 Star40 - 49 (%) 1 Star

MyCREST Final Rating System

Design & Construction

MyCREST Final Certi�cation

NO RATING

0

4 Star

#DIV/0!Actual Operational Carbon -

Target Points

60 - 69 (%)70 - 79 (%)



Total Carbon Emission Assessment (TCarbon)

Carbon O�set

Carbon Sequestrationv- Waste Management **

-

Reduction

0

0

Total Carbon Emission (TEmission)

Carbon Intensity per sq.m

(tCO2e/m2)

Carbon Dioxide (tCO2e)

Phase

#VALUE!

#DIV/0!0.000

0.000 #DIV/0!

Operational Carbon (DESIGN)

Operational Carbon (O&M)

Embodied Carbon (CONSTRUCTION) #VALUE!

Actual

-

-

i- Operating Energy **

Embodied Carbon

Construction Carbon Calculator

Estimated Operational Carbon

-

-

Operation Carbon

ii- Water Usage (Veri�cation) **

-

Construction Stage

i- Operating Energy (Veri�cation)**

Carbon Capture Carbon O�set


28



-

#VALUE!

-

Operation Carbon

iii- Sta� Transportation **


Operation & Maintenance Carbon Calculator Carbon Emission Carbon O�setCarbon Capture

ii- Water Usage **

16

Project Details

Criteria Maximum Points

6 0

House & Residential

MyCREST Rating StageDesign StageConstruction stageOperation & Maintenance Stage

Design Points

3 0

Target Points

00

39


Design Elective Points - Healthcare

#VALUE!

Carbon Emission

tCO2e per year**tCO2e*

8 0000

0

6132

Maximum Points

7

0

53

0

-

Design Carbon Calculator Carbon Emission Carbon Capture

Target Points

Carbon O�set

Operation Carbon

0.00Estimated Embodied Carbon



0



0

-

Carbon O�set-

-

i- LCA Materials *

ii- Water Usage **

-

i- Operating Energy **- -

#VALUE!

-

-

tCO2e per year** -


-

-

Carbon O�set

#DIV/0!

-

-

-

Target Points

-


vi- LCA Materials *

-

0.0%Total Carbon Emission Assessment (TCarbon)

tCO2e*

0.00


Actual Embodied Carbon #VALUE!

tCO2e per year** -

12

iv- Low-Emitting Vehicles **

Veri�ed Operational Carbon

- -

98


Criteria

15


0


5 Star

Total Credit Score (%) MyCREST Rating

0

10

7

5910

0

0

0

80 -100 (%)


-

0

00

Target Points

0

- - -

ii- Construction Waste Management *

Total Carbon Emission Assessment (TCarbon)Design Points

0.00

Embodied Carbon

#DIV/0!#DIV/0!

v- Materials Transportation * -

i- Construction Mechinery *


Maximum Points

NO RATING

290

0.0%

Maximum Points

6

0

007

45

1929

0

0

Design Stage Certi�cation

(Target Points) 0 NO RATING

MyCREST Final Certi�cation

Target Rating Scoring

0.0%0.0%

0.0%

0.0%50%

Target Star 0%

0.0%

Project Phase

Total 0.0%


Target Star NO RATING 0%

50%

100% 0.0%

Total Carbon Reduction

3 Star

Operational Carbon (Veri�cation)

Embodied Carbon (from Cradle to Gate only)

Baseline / BAUTypes

0

0

#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!

57 | P a g e

The carbon summation in MyCREST has been developed based on

principles derived from the following two methods available

internationally:

THE CLEAN METRICS METHOD

The Clean Metrics method presents an integrated carbon footprint

solution for building construction and operation. The aim here is to use

their standards-based lifecycle inventory database and our lifecycle

assessment software tools to provide reliable and high-quality lifecycle

carbon footprint assessments for the construction and operation of

buildings and other infrastructures.

The carbon footprint of a building or infrastructure is the total amount

of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases emitted over

the lifecycle of that building. They are expressed as kilograms of CO2

equivalents. This includes all greenhouse gasses generated in the

manufacturing of the raw materials, construction of a building,

transportation of materials to the construction site, operation of the

building, periodic refurbishment and replacement of materials, and

end-of-life disposal of the building materials. The lifecycle carbon

footprint of a building or an infrastructure system is a crucial

performance metric that should be monitored and optimized.

THE CARBON TRUST METHOD

The aspect of Carbon Trust Method that is relevant to the MyCREST

framework of assessment is related to its “Product Carbon Footprint’,

which is based on PAS 2050. Although PAS 2050 is more applicable to

a wide range of goods and services, it guides on the principles of

58 | P a g e

assessing emissions. Essentially based on the Carbon Trust principles of

measuring emissions from all stages of the product lifecycle, a product

carbon footprint is a measure of GHG emissions at each stage of the

product’s life, including:

1. Extraction and production of raw materials

2. Transportation of raw materials

3. Production (or service provision)

4. Distribution

5. Product use

6. Disposal/recycling

Carbon Trust then outlines the basis of how the PAS 2050 sets out five

basic steps to determine a product carbon footprint. In the case of

MyCREST, the product represents the building:

1. Building a Process Map

In MyCREST, the carbon footprint process map is its range of

scorecards that list all the materials, processes and activities that

contribute to each stage of the building lifecycle.

2. Check Boundaries and Determine Priorities

The central principle of MyCREST is the boundaries determined by the

Cr, Ci and S points. The priorities in MyCREST are the Cr and Ci points;

project teams must, at least, score 50% of the scorecard in terms of Cr

points. The boundaries of Cr assessment are represented in the

following diagram:

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Figure15: Total Carbon Impact of a Building

Essentially the boundary of carbon assessment takes into account the

following:

1. Carbon emission factors:

a. Embodied carbon (cradle to gate) - including energy

emitted during the process and transportation energy of

materials to a building site. Embodied carbon is defined

as the total carbon emitted during the making process

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of a material from the extraction of raw materials

through the final manufacturing of the product

including the transportation.

b. Operational carbon – carbon emission release during

the lifetime of building operation. These include:

i. Operating Energy

ii. Water Usage

iii. Transportation

iv. Waste Management

2. Carbon offset factors

a. Carbon energy offset - reduction in emissions of carbon

dioxide made to balance or offset an emission made

elsewhere by installing renewable energy.

b. Carbon sequestration - a reduction of carbon emission

by being naturally sequestered in plants, soils, and in

ocean life.

3. MyCREST Lifecycle Carbon

a. With the value of carbon emission and carbon offset, the

building carbon impact can be attained by the

principal below:

Embodied

Carbon +

Transport of

Materials +

Operational

Carbon

Carbon offset +

Carbon

Sequestration

TOTAL LIFECYCLE

IMPACT IN

CARBON

EMISSION

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MyCREST Fact Sheet – Summary of Key

Characteristics

1. What is MyCREST?

MyCREST stands for The Malaysian Carbon Reduction and

Environmental Sustainability Tool. It was developed and based

on an integrated philosophy of combining carbon summation

and sustainable scorecard for buildings principles and criteria

contained and enhanced from various green rating systems

and carbon assessment standards.

MyCREST is aimed at integrating sustainability impact indicators

with carbon indicators in a building.

2. What is the current rating system in MyCREST?

Currently, MyCREST is focused on buildings design, construction

and operation and offers the following rating system.

a. MyCREST New Construction

b. MyCREST Existing Building

c. MyCREST New Construction for Non- Air Conditioned

Buildings

d. MyCREST New Construction (Healthcare)

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3. How does MyCREST award its rating?

MyCREST awards principally based on design, construction and

O&M scorecard, each given separate certification. MyCREST

ranges for 1 star to 5 stars rating for a building.

a. MyCREST (Design) scorecard

- Air-Conditioned Building scorecard (135 points)

- Non-Air-Conditioned Building (108 points)

b. MyCREST (Construction) scorecard

- Air-Conditioned Building scorecard (128 points)

- Non-Air-Conditioned Building (99 points)

c. MyCREST (O&M) scorecard (Total 115 points)

A project achieves two types of final certification and final

score

a. MyCREST Building Design and Construction certification

b. MyCREST Building Design and construction and O&M

certification

The following percentage weightage must be implemented to

the total rating to achieve the certification

a. Design and Construction (50:50)

b. Operation & Maintenance (100)

4. What is the MyCREST Carbon-reduced Award?

MyCREST Carbon-reduced Award is given only to MyCREST

project, which complete the entire cycle of the Design,

Construction and O&M scoring. MyCREST Carbon-reduced

63 | P a g e

Award is intended to award building that has proven their

operational performance.

5. What is MyCREST O&M rating?

MyCREST O&M scorecard is developed based on criteria

related to best practices during building operation towards

reducing carbon emissions and impact on the environment

and enhancing building performance.

This scorecard can be applicable for both new building (who

target for MyCREST Carbon-reduced Award) and existing

building. The MyCREST rating includes the operational criteria

and practices AND design and construction CRITERIA.

Those targeting higher star rating for O&M must STILL look to

implement design and construction points through sub- criteria

contained in the O&M scorecard. Amongst others, these are:

a. Stormwater Management

b. Landscape & Greenery

c. Urban Heat Island

d. Renewable Energy

e. Low VOC Materials

f. Passive and Active Design Features

Design and construction can also be parked under Innovation

Points.

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6. Can an existing building get MyCREST certification?

Yes, it can either by implementing the full design, construction

and O&M scoring OR O&M scoring only.

7. Can an existing building that opts for O&M scoring only attains

the MyCREST Carbon-reduced Award?

Yes, if it scores 3 stars above.

8. How does MyCREST award energy performance points in

MyCREST O&M scoring?

These are two ways:

a. If the building is considered energy efficient, scoring is

based on achieved or implemented of savings from the

baseline that is defined as current energy reading at the

start of performance period.

OR

b. If the building is considered non-efficient-building

(All existing building that do not comply with MS1525 or

ASHRAE 90.1 2007), the BAU reading is taken as the

baseline.

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9. What is an energy efficient building in MyCREST O&M?

In MyCREST, Energy Efficient Building are defined as follows:

they are buildings that either

a. Comply fully with MS1525 version 2007 OR

b. Comply with Zone 1A requirement and Appendix G

ASHRAE 90.1 2007 OR

c. Comply with JKR EE need statement OR

d. A certified Green building that has achieved final

construction certification and fully commissioned.

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Who Should Use This Guideline

This reference guide is intended to be used by:

1. Government organisations

2. Private organisations

3. Architects

4. Engineers

5. Green Building Consultants

6. Developers

7. Contractors

8. Planner, Practitioners.

How To Use This Guideline

The Malaysian Carbon Reduction Sustainability Tool (MyCREST)

reference guide has been developed as a guideline for project teams

who want to pursue the MyCREST rating tool.

The entire MyCREST reference guide consists of the following

publication:

1. MyCREST Introduction

2. MyCREST Design Stage Reference Guide

3. MyCREST Construction Reference Guide

4. MyCREST Operation & Maintenance Reference Guide

5. Appendices

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The MyCREST reference guide was prepared to provide a measure to

evaluate the sustainability performance of buildings in Malaysia. It is

expected that this MyCREST rating tool (2013 edition) will be

developed continuously together with the sustainable database

available for Malaysia.

The MyCREST Reference Guide is intended to guide and help project

team to understand the fundamental aims and requirements of each

credit as well as the impacts of its implementation in the local

environment. It includes the approach and strategy methods relevant

to the idea of bringing every sustainable/green element as much into

a design. Each sub-criteria represents a standardized format for quick

understanding according to their related core criteria. These criteria

are well-organized and may differ from other categories of the

MyCREST reference guide, which depends on different types of

building usage/projects.

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The section of each sub-criteria is described below:

Core criteria

Sub criteria name

Carbon based identification

Approach and strategy

Aims and requirements

Reference No.

Sub criteria

points

SubCriteria

Title

Submittals

Standards and references

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Core Criteria

Main scope of environmental categories

Sub-Criteria Name

Main sub-criteria reside under the core criteria categories

Carbon Based Identification

Each element in the tool has been designed to be a carbon-based

rating. Hence, each project is required to attain a minimum of 50% of

carbon-based points (Cr) in each category within the tool, except for

the Occupant & Health (OH). This portioning qualifies the MyCREST as

a carbon-based rating tool.

Carbon Reduction ‘Cr’ points are those that contribute to or are

represented by calculators, which aim to assist in quantifying

the numeric relationships between consumption patterns and

carbon. They are useful for carbon emission analysis.

Carbon Impact ‘Ci’ points are points that may impact on

carbon emissions but may not be calculated.

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Reference Number

Detailed identification of numerical data for quick reference.

Sub-Criteria Points

Maximum points offered in each sub-criteria options.

Credits in Sub-Criteria

A detailed descriptions of every sub-criteria option. Some credits have

more than 2 cumulative points while others have several options that

a project team must choose.

Submittals

Provision of documentations upon submission.The report should come

out as a detailed summary of diagrams, descriptions of applied

systems, drawing plans/schematic plans showing each system

applied and description of strategies employed in the project.

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Summary of Criteria in Scorecards

DESIGN:

ELECTIVE POINTS FOR HEALTH CARE

Elective points consist of healthcare points. Healthcare points

are introduced to allow MyCREST certification of health-care

institutions that provide patient treatments by specialized staff

and equipment, namely hospitals. These points are available

only for New Construction buildings pursuing certification at the

Design Stage.

Healthcare points are found in the following sections of

MyCREST:

Abb. Criteria

PD Pre-Design

IS Infrastructure and Sequestration

EP Energy Performance Impacts

OH Occupant & Health

EC Lowering the Embodied Carbon

WE Water Efficiency Factors

SC Social and Cultural Sustainability

DP Demolition & Disposal Factors

IN Sustainable and Carbon Initiatives

HC 1-2 Infrastructure & Sequestration

HC 3-5 Occupant & Health

HC 6 Lowering the Embodied Carbon

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CONSTRUCTION:

OPERATION & MAINTENANCE STAGE:

Abb. Criteria






SC Social and Cultural Sustainability

DP Demolition & Disposal Factors


Abb. Criteria






WM Waste Management and Reduction

FM Sustainable Facility Management


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COLLECTION OF DATA

In a MyCREST building, the entire process of MyCREST design,

construction and submission is a Method to Collect Data on the

Product - which is the Final Building Construction.

The method to collect data is presented for each sub-criterion in the

Submittal section of each sub-criteria page in the MyCREST reference

guides.

CARBON FOOTPRINT CALCULATION

As per required by PAS 2050, each MyCREST calculator will calculate

the activity data (whether energy, water, materials or transport) by

the emission factors to achieve the total carbon footprint. This affects

the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions cases directly or indirectly

by the design, specification, construction and operations of the

specific building.

OUTCOME OF MyCREST

The carbon assessment of MyCREST communicated in the following

manner:

1. MyCREST will produce an overall label of the building. As per

PAS 2030, labelling is an important method of changing industry

practices and rewarding efforts.

2. MyCREST will report the operational energy above the BASELINE

as a mean to verify lower energy costs of MyCREST buildings.

Using less energy reduces the product footprint and at the end,

improves the bottom line of MyCREST buildings.

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3. MyCREST will also report an overall Carbon footprint

breakdown to represent the buildings commitment to reducing

climate change.

4. MyCREST will give a holistic lifecycle picture of both the

operational and embodied-carbon that can be used to

optimize the design during the design processes and identify

inefficiencies.

In MyCREST, the embodied carbon summation basically aims to

create and develop a database from the industry. An awareness,

initiatives and realisation from the building industry and its

stakeholders are necessary to create a metrics of measurement of the

carbon locked into the manufacturing of materials specific to

Malaysia and the region. The indices represent the intensity or volume

of carbon required to produce a material, together with carbon

emission as a result of the transportation of materials to the building

site and within the construction site itself throughout the construction

period. As such as this stage, it does not aim to represent an accurate

and true reflection of the embodied carbon of a whole building as

the database is still limited.

There are limitations to current databases that can link to the

Malaysian scenario. Hence, in scores and criteria related to embodied

carbon, part of the aims is to build the database and not to present

the absolute and complete picture of the embodied carbon. Projects

that go beyond this can apply for exemplary performance and

additional points. Due to limitations in the database, the scorecard

itself has sub-criteria that touch on all phases within the ‘cradle to

cradle’ lifecycle phase of the building. However, the data that need

76 | P a g e

to be provided by project teams are basic compared with similar

ratings throughout the worlds.

THE CURRENT DEVELOPMENT OF MyCREST CALCULATORS

It is important to note that at the current version of MyCREST, it is not

possible to account for all the carbon emissions of a building.

The current MyCREST calculator is the first step to developing a carbon

management strategy for buildings; it will accurately measure the

current level of carbon emissions. These measurements would also

enable building designers and owners to maximize energy efficiencies

and returns by identifying energy inefficient areas.

Although the carbon footprint for MyCREST buildings includes

embodied carbon and operational carbon, it is not possible at this

moment in time to account for all the embodied carbon of a building

the CO2 produced during the manufacturing of materials, their

transportation and assembly on site, their maintenance and

replacements, and their disassembly and decomposition.

MyCREST in its current version has attempted to include a typical

carbon footprint of a building that includes the following:

1. Material development and preparation

2. Construction process (including transport)

3. Disposal or on-going occupational emissions, and

4. Refurbishment and redevelopment.

The difficulty of calculating embodied carbon emissions lies in the

many variables affect the carbon intensity of products, including the

77 | P a g e

carbon emissions during manufacture, transport, as well as primary

energy sources and the extent of waste generation or recycling.

However, as some processes and products are more carbon-intensive

than others – cement, aluminium and glass being good examples – it

is not necessary to calculate the absolute total carbon footprint of a

project, as many components will have a negligible impact and offer

limited opportunities for mitigation.

An approach that focuses on the most carbon-intense and

extensively used components can be adopted, applying the

principles of significant item cost estimating to the assessment of

carbon, and adding an allowance for the remainder.

As the data bank for embodied carbon performance improves,

MyCREST will be able to band buildings by their embodied carbon

rating and clients will gain a greater appreciation of their buildings

and their project teams’ roles in addressing carbon impact. The aim

also contributes towards:

1. Engage up the supply chain. The information gathered during

the MyCREST process will help contractors, sub-contractors,

and suppliers reduce their emissions

2. Engage down the supply chain. Designers and owners and

developers will have an informed decision and have a brand

that differentiates their buildings and its processes. Consultants

can have an award that reward their processes and

differentiate their services.

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MyCREST Certification – Example Calculation

PROJECT PHASESCORES (%) AWARD/CERTIFICATION

DESIGN 95% 5 STAR

CONSTRUCTION 83% 5 STAR

OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE 83% 5 STAR

AWARD/CERTIFICATION SCORES (%)

5 STAR 80-100

4 STAR 70-79

3 STAR 60-69

2 STAR 50-59

1 STAR 40-49

NEW CONSTRUCTION

PROJECT PHASESCORES (%) WEIGHTAGE (%) CARBONISED SCORES

DESIGN 95% 50% 47.50%

CONSTRUCTION 83% 50% 41.50%

MyCREST PRIMARY RATING CERTIFICATION

MyCREST FINAL CERTIFICATION

EXISTING BUILDING


OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE 83 % 100% 83.00%

5 STAR = 89%

5 STAR = 83%

PROJECT PHASESCORES (%) AWARD/CERTIFICATION

DESIGN 95% 5 STAR

CONSTRUCTION 83% 5 STAR

NEW CONSTRUCTION


DESIGN 95% 50% 47.50%

CONSTRUCTION 83% 50% 41.50%

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE 83% 100% 83.00%

DESIGN + CONSTRUCTION: 5 STAR = 89%

OPERATION & MAINTENANCE: 5 STAR = 83.00%

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The overall concept of the MyCREST is to take care of the overall

building lifecycle from inception until demolition. However, these two

stages will be included in a later phase of the project. The current

stages are the Design, Construction and Operations & Maintenance

(O&M) stage.

To encourage teams to perform on par with all life cycle phases of a

carbon-based and sustainable construction project, the MyCREST

now offers awards for Team Performance at different stages of the

building lifecycle.

Currently, the MyCREST will now award teams with MyCREST “Design

Award” and “Construction Award” Certificates as a starting point.

These certifications represent recognition of their efforts in the different

life phase milestones of a construction project.

These are as follows:

DESIGN

Teams are eligible to be awarded the Provisional MyCREST “Design

Certification” after the tender stage.

CONSTRUCTION AND VERIFICATION

Teams are eligible to be awarded the MyCREST “Design and

Construction Certification” during the 12 months after building

handover.

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OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

Teams are eligible to be awarded the “Operation and Maintenance

Certification”.

Each award will be a mark of recognition of the industry for the

performance and contribution of the team to the sustainability and

low carbon practices in construction industry. These certificates are

the acknowledgement of teams’ performance. If the team manages

to complete a full cycle of the certification, i.e. “Design, Construction

and Operation & Maintenance Certification”, the team will be eligible

to be awarded the MyCREST Carbon-reduced Award Label.

MyCREST CARBON-REDUCED AWARD LABEL

The MyCREST CARBON-REDUCED AWARD LABEL will be awarded

when the team completes a full life cycle certification as stated

previously, i.e. for New Construction Building, the team undergoes

“Design Certification”, “Construction Certification” and “Operation &

Maintenance Certification”, the team will be eligible to be awarded

the MyCREST CARBON-REDUCED AWARD.

MyCREST Carbon-reduced Award is intended to awardt building that

has proven their operational performance. An existing building that

opts for O&M scoring only, can attain the MyCREST Carbon-reduced

Award label if it scores 3 star and above.

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MyCREST Project Boundary Determination

MyCREST PROJECT BOUNDARY

1. Only one Project boundary must be selected and used

throughout the Design and Construction period and for

submission of all sub-criteria and calculators. This limit must be

determined by the project team to become the basis of

MyCREST scoring and calculations and eventually submitted for

MyCREST certification. Please note that the following sub-

criteria have high relevance concerning boundary:

a. Points related to Site carbon sequestration

b. Points related Site landscape

c. Reduce urban heat island

d. Light pollution

e. Parking

f. Public transport

Typically, the project scope of work, construction boundary

and site area is within the project boundary. This boundary must

be reasonable and logical; there must be no gerrymandering

(creating specific boundaries to include certain elements). Also,

it must include all strategies proposed for the project.

2. This project boundary must be submitted and outlined clearly

on the project site plan.

3. Only one project boundary based on the site plan can be the

basis of calculations for all MyCREST points, sub-criteria

calculators and assessments.

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4. MyCREST does not accept one boundary for one sub-criteria

and another boundary for another sub-criterion. However,

there can be two boundaries, the Project boundary and the

Master plan boundary.

5. Each criterion must link to one of the two boundaries. The

boundaries CANNOT change and must remain the same from

criteria to criteria.

6. The MyCREST project boundary must be within a site owned by

ONE owner.

7. The MyCREST project boundary must be a continuous line and

a whole (unbroken) parcel of land. Boundaries that are broken,

not contiguous, divided and not representing a continuous line

are not accepted.

8. Project teams must exercise due care to the determination of

boundaries; they must submit with the first MyCREST design

submission. Any implementation of features and strategies

outside the boundary is not calculated in the MyCREST

calculations and submissions.

NOTES ON PROJECT MASTERPLAN BOUNDARY

MyCREST acknowledges that there will be points that can be

achieved but not within the project boundary. These are projects that

are located in master plans and hence, which wish to submit

individually for certification for each parcel or project within the

master plan.

In these cases, the project team can benefit from the green strategies

already implemented in the master plan. The project will then submit

two boundaries, i.e. the project boundary and the master plan

boundary. These specific conditions can be implemented in projects

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within master plan projects that include amongst others, university

complexes, resorts and research centres.

MyCREST allows selected sub-criteria to be implemented at master

plan stage. Only the following points that are scorecard in the master

plan can be used in the project scoring total and summation:

1. Stormwater quantity and quality

2. Light Pollution

3. Low emission Parking

4. Urban Connectivity

5. Carbon sequestration – planting of new trees

6. Site selection

Other points such as public transportation, tree preservation, reduced

urban heat island effect and other calculators cannot be used and

hence, scored under master plan. However, they must be scored

under the building itself within its project boundary and its associated

factors and parameters. The master plan boundary, subsequent costs

and investment and initiatives into any green master plan features

must come from the same owner or developer.

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MyCREST Energy Performance Evaluation

MyCREST NEW CONSTRUCTION

MyCREST new construction building energy performance evaluation

can be summarized as below:

OPERATION & MAINTENANCE

Actual: Z kWh per year

Awarded point under

EP24: Improve Energy

Performance based

on verification by the

CxA upon completion

of the building.

Actual energy data

based on the

implementation of

energy management

practice during

operation

Points given based

on % reduction of Y

kWh - Z kWh.

DESIGN

Baseline: RkWh per year

Propose: XkWh per year

Awarded point

under EP11:

Building Energy

Efficiency

Performance

based on

energy

simulation

(Static or

Dynamic).

Baseline is

calculated

during this

stage.

CONSTRUCTION

Verification:

Y kWh per year

Awarded point

under EP20: Building

Energy Efficiency

Performance –

Verification based

on verification by

the CxA upon

completion of the

building.

Verification must be

done using IPMVP

protocol Option D

and calibrated

based on actual

occupancy

schedules and

density.

Points given based

on % reduction of R

kWh - Y kWh

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MyCREST EXISTING BUILDING

MyCREST existing building energy performance evaluation can be

summarized as below:

*After an assessment based on an Energy Efficient (EE) checklist, the

existing building that comply with the EE checklist can opt for

‘renovation for further improvement,’ but existing building without

Energy Efficiency features must go for renovation or retrofitting.

EXISTING BUILDING OPERATION & MAINTENANCE

Actual: Z kWh per year

Awarded point

under EP24:

Improve Energy

Performance based

on verification by

the CxA upon

completion of the

building.

Actual energy data

based on the

implementation of

energy

management

practice during

operation

Points given based

on % reduction of K

kWh - Z kWh.

*RENOVATION DESIGN

Baseline: K kWh

per year

Baseline is

derived from

energy audit

based on

‘Business As

Usual (BAU)’

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MyCREST AND BEI estimation

The award of energy points in the MyCREST is not based on BEI

calculations but the predicted and verified total energy consumption

below the baseline energy consumption value. The main focus in

MyCREST is on electrical energy consumption. However, if there are

strategies implemented to achieve savings of other forms of energy

which contribute to carbon emissions, these will also be awarded

under Innovation or specific points in O&M. Hence, the award of

points is not subject to a normalisation process to achieve a targeted

score. However, BEI represents a useful indicator to ascertain that the

annual energy use predicted falls within average BEI values known for

various building types in Malaysia. The MyCREST energy template and

calculator attempts to give a total and apportioned energy

consumption of a proposed MyCREST building. This is in such that the

verification processes in the Commissioning and the O&M stages can

be undertaken in a smooth manner based on the predicted values in

the Design stage.

NOTES ON CARPARK AND OUTDOOR AREAS

The summation of energy consumption and its breakdown must

differentiate energy used in the car park, patios and semi-outdoor

areas in its calculations and submissions. This is because these areas

are not conventionally considered within the definition of a project

GFA. However, the energy efficient strategies are used in car parks

and other semi-outdoor areas can be scored under other sub-criteria.

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NOTES ON DISTRICT COOLING SYSTEMS

For projects with district cooling systems, the COP and efficiencies of

the system must be calculated and verified to predict and verifyt the

building eventual energy performance. The DCS may not be within

the project boundary, and it is not necessary for the DCS to be in the

project boundary. If the DCS utilises renewable energy and this serves

the project, then this can be calculated by the summation of the

carbon offset, and contribute further to the total scoring of the project.

However, the DCS must comply with all the prerequisites of the

MyCREST rating system. Typically, the district cooling system is within

the master plan, and this can contribute to the project scoring and

carbon emission calculation as per outlined above.

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Abbreviations and Acronyms

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ACA Air-conditioned area i.e. net-floor area that has air

conditioning/ cooling spaces excluding toilet (for

some buildings) and M&E rooms.

ACH The number of times per hour a volume of air,

equivalent to the volume of space, enters that

space.

AEMAS AEMAS is the world’s first regional certification system

for energy managers and energy end-users. Funded

by the European Union under the Switch-Asia

Programme, it is currently being implemented by the

ASEAN Centre for Energy in eight (8) the ASEAN

Member States, namely: Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos,

Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand and

Vietnam.

AHU 1. Air-handling units (AHUs) are mechanical indirect

heating, ventilating, or air-conditioning systems in

which the air is treated or handled by equipment

located outside the rooms served, usually at a central

location, and conveyed to and from the rooms by a

fan and a system of distributing ducts.

2. A type of heating and/or cooling distribution

equipment that channels warm or cool air to

different parts of a building. This process of

channeling the conditioned air often involves

drawing air over heating or cooling coils and forcing

it from a central location through ducts or air-

handling units. Air-handling units are hidden in the

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walls or ceilings, where they use steam or hot water

to heat, or chilled water to cool the air inside the

ductwork.

ANSI American National Standards Institute

ASHRAE

American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-

Conditioning Engineers

ASTM Voluntary standards development organization that

creates source technical standards for materials,

products, systems, and services.

BAS A building automation system (BAS) uses computer-

based monitoring to coordinate, organize, and

optimize building control subsystems, including

lighting, equipment scheduling, and alarm reporting.

BAU Business as usual

BEI Total Energy Consumption is defined as total energy

of electricity (or electricity equivalent) consumed by

the building

•All energy consumed by the Gross Floor Area

(occupied and unoccupied in building including

energy for ICT.

•Excluding energy produced by Renewable Energy.

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BMP Best Management Practice

BOD Basis of design (BOD) includes design information

necessary to accomplish the owner's project

requirements, including system descriptions, indoor

environmental quality criteria, design assumptions,

and references to applicable codes, standards,

regulations, and guideline.

BOPAT Belanjawan Operasi dan Penyenggaraan Aset

Tahunan

BREEAM Building Research Establishment Environmental

Assessment Method, the first widely used green

building rating system, developed in the U.K. in the

early 1990s, currently used primarily in the U.K. and in

Hong Kong.

BSEEP Building Sector Energy Efficiency Project

BS EN British Standard (if EN is found as part of a BS, then it

means that the standard was developed as a

NET BEI [kWh/m2/year]

= Total Net Energy Consumption [kWh/year]

Total Net Floor Area [m2]

Building Energy Index (BEI) [kWh/m2/year]

= Total Energy Consumption a year [kWh/year]

Total Occupied or Net Floor Area [m2]

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European standard and then adopted by the UK as

a British Standard)

Btu A unit of energy consumed by or delivered to a

building. A Btu is an acronym for British thermal unit

and is defined as the amount of energy required to

increase the temperature of 1 pound of water by 1

degree Fahrenheit, at normal atmospheric pressure.

Energy consumption is expressed in Btu to allow for

consumption comparisons among fuels that are

measured in different units.

BUS Building Use Ltd

C&D

Construction and demolition.

C2C

A protocol developed by McDonough Braungart

Design Chemistry that establishes guidelines for the

manufacture of products in ways that harmonize with

natural systems. These guidelines require, for

example, that products be recyclable indefinitely,

contain no hazardous ingredients, and are

manufactured using renewable energy.

CCC Certificate of Completion and Compliance

CDL Construction, demolition, and land-clearing (CDL)

debris includes all of the above plus soil, vegetation,

and rock from land clearing.

CETDEM Centre for Environment, Technology and

Development Malaysia

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CFC Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are a compound of

carbon, hydrogen, chlorine and fluorine, once

commonly used in refrigeration that depletes the

stratospheric ozone layer.

CFL i. Compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) – light source in

which the tube is folded or twisted into a spiral to

concentrate the light output; CFLs are typically 3 to 4

times as efficient as incandescent light bulbs and

they last 8 to 10 times as long.

ii. Small fluorescent lamps used as more efficient

alternatives to incandescent lighting called PL, CFL,

Twin-Tube, or BIAX lamps.

iii. A light bulb designed to replace screw-in

incandescent light bulbs; they are often found in

table lamps, wall sconces, and hall and ceiling

fixtures of commercial buildings with residential type

lights. They combine the efficiency of fluorescent

lighting with the convenience of standard

incandescent bulbs. Light is produced the same way

as other fluorescent lamps. Compact fluorescent

bulbs have either electronic or magnetic ballasts.

CGP EPA's Construction General Permit. Outlines the

provisions necessary to comply with Phase I and

Phase II of the National Pollutant Discharge

Elimination System (NPDES) program.

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CHP Combined heat and power (CHP), or cogeneration,

generates both electrical power and thermal energy

from a single fuel source.

CIBSE Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers

CIDB Construction Industry Development Board

CIR Credit Interpretation Ruling

CIS Construction Industry Standard

CMMS

Computerized Maintenance Management System

CO2 Carbon dioxide

CO2e Carbon dioxide equivalent is the universal unit for

comparing emissions of different GHGs, expressed in

terms of global warming potential (GWP) of one unit

carbon dioxide.

CRI Color-rendering index, or CRI, is a scale of 0 to 100,

used by manufacturers of fluorescent, metal halide,

and other non-incandescent lighting equipment to

describe the visual effect of the light on colored

surfaces. Natural daylight is assigned a CRI of 100.

Cx

i. Commissioning (Cx) is the process of verifying

and documenting that a building and all of its

systems and assemblies are planned, designed,

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installed, tested, operated, and maintained to meet

the owner's project requirements.

ii. The process of checking the performance of a

building against the owner's goals during design,

construction, and occupancy. At a minimum,

mechanical and electrical equipment are tested,

although much more extensive testing may also be

included.

CxA

The commissioning authority (CxA) is the individual

designated to organize, lead, and review the

completion of commissioning process activities. The

CxA facilitates communication among the owner,

designer, and contractor to ensure that complex

systems are installed and function in accordance

with the owner's project requirements.

dBA A decibel (dBA) is a sound pressure level measured

with a conventional frequency weighting that

roughly approximates how the human ear hears

different frequency components of sounds at typical

listening levels for speech.

DBH Diameter Breast Height

DHW Domestic hot water (DHW) is water used for food

preparation, cleaning and sanitation and personal

hygiene, but not heating

DOE Department of Environment

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DOSH Department of Occupational Safety and Health

DPAK Dasar Pengurusan Aset Kerajaan

ECM Energy conservation measures are installations or

modifications of equipment or systems intended to

reduce energy use and costs

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

EMCS Energy Management and Control System (EMCS) is

an energy management feature that uses

mini/microcomputers, instrumentation, control

equipment, and software to manage a building's use

of energy for heating, ventilation, air conditioning,

lighting, and/or business-related processes. These

systems may also manage fire control, safety, and

security. Not included as an EMCS are time-clock

thermostats.

EMS An Environmental Management System (EMS) is a set

of processes and practices that enable an

organization to reduce its environmental impacts

and increase its operating efficiency. An EMS is a

voluntary management system for identifying,

controlling and monitoring a facility’s activities, which

have potential environmental impacts. The

framework provides structure and consistency for

overseeing daily activities that shift the

environmental focus from reactive to proactive.

Voluntary implementation of EMSs has increased

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throughout the world as industry and organizations

realize their environmental and marketplace value.

The international standard for EMSs was first published

by the International Organization for Standardization

(ISO) in 1996 and was last revised in 2004. Its official

catalogue title is ISO 14001: Environmental

Management System-Requirement.

EnMS Energy Management System Standard

ENERGYSTAR ENERGY STAR is an international standard for energy

efficient consumer products originated in the United

States of America.

EPP Environmentally preferable products (EPP) are those

identified as having a lesser or reduced effect on

health and the environment when compared with

competing products that serve the same purpose.

EQA Environmental Quality Act

ESC (ESCP) An Erosion and Sedimentation Control (ESC) plan are

a collection of measures designed to reduce

pollution from construction activities by controlling

soil erosion, waterway sedimentation, and airborne

dust generation.

ET i. Evapotranspiration (ET) is the loss of water

by evaporation from the soil and by

transpiration from plants. It is expressed in

millimeters per unit of time.

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ii. Evapotranspiration is the process by which

water is transferred from the land to the

atmosphere by evaporation from the soil

and other surfaces.

ETS Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), or secondhand

smoke, consists of airborne particles emitted from the

burning end of cigarettes, pipes, and cigars, and is

exhaled by smokers. These particles contain about

4,000 compounds, up to 50 of which are known to

cause cancer.

Fc 1. A foot-candle (fc) is a measure of light

falling on a given surface. One foot-candle

is defined as the quantity of light falling on

a 1-square-foot area from a 1 candela

light source at a distance of 1 foot (which

equals 1 lumen per square foot). Foot-

candles can be measured both

horizontally and vertically by a foot-candle

meter or light meter.

2. The non-metric measurement of lumens

per square foot, one foot-candle is the

amount of light that is received one foot

from a light source called a candela,

which is based on the light output of a

standardized candle. A common range for

interior lighting is 10 to 100 foot-candles,

while exterior daytime levels can range

from 100 to over 10,000 foot-candles. Foot-

candles decrease with distance from the

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light source. The metric equivalent of a

foot candle is 10.76lux, or lumens per

square meter.

FOG Fat, Oil and Grease.

FSC Forest Stewardship Council

FTE Full-time equivalent (FTE) represents a regular

building occupant who spends 8 hours a day (40

hours a week) in the project building. Part-time or

overtime occupants have FTE values based on their

hours per day divided by 8 (or hours per week divided

by 40). Transient Occupants can be reported as

either daily totals or as part of the FTE.

Residential occupancy should be estimated based

on the number and size of units. Core and Shell

projects should refer to the default occupancy table

in the Reference Guide appendix.

All occupant assumptions must be consistent across

all credits in all categories.

GBI GBI accreditation for buildings is separated into three

tiers. At the highest level is the GBI Accreditation

Panel, the independent regulatory body for GBI

accreditation. At the intermediate level are the GBI

Certifiers, consisting of experienced professionals that

conduct the assessment and accreditation of

project submissions. On the front-end level are the

GBI Facilitators, professionals who together with

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clients and design team to enhance their projects to

meet or exceed GBI rating system requirements.

GHG 1. Greenhouse Gas

2. GHG are gases that cause global warming by

absorbing and emitting infrared radiation into the

atmosphere. The GHG include, but are not limited to,

Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), Nitrous Oxide

(N2O), Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs),

Perfluororocarbons (PFCs) and Sulphur Hexafluoride

(SF6).

A carbon footprint considers all six of the Kyoto

Protocol greenhouse gases: Carbon dioxide (CO2),

Methane (CH4), Nitrous oxide (N2O),

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)

and Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6).

GreenPASS Green Performance Assessment System in

Construction

GWP Global warming potential is a measure of an

emission’s ability to trap heat in the atmosphere,

expressed as CO2 equivalent, or CO2e.

HCFCs Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are refrigerants

that cause significantly less depletion of the

stratospheric ozone layer than chlorofluorocarbons.

HFC Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are refrigerants that do

not deplete the stratospheric ozone layer but may

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have high global warming potential. HFCs are not

considered environmentally benign.

HVAC Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning

HVAC&R Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Refrigerant

Hz Hertz (Hz) is the unit used to describe the frequency

of vibrations (cycles) per second; 1 Hz equals 1 cycle

per second.

IAQ Indoor air quality

IBS Industrialised Building System

ICE Inventory of Carbon and Energy

MyCREST The Malaysian Carbon Reduction and Environmental

Sustainability Tool

IECC International Energy Conservation Code

IFMA International Facility Management Association

IKRAM QA Kumpulan IKRAM is a wholly owned subsidiary of

ProtascoBerhad, a public listed company.

ProtascoBhd is specializing in Road Construction and

Maintenance, Engineering Services & Consultancy,

Property Development & Construction and Trading of

Construction Materials.

Two core businesses of ProtascoBhd, Engineering

Services & Consultancy and Property Development

Construction, are the core business of Kumpulan

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IKRAM. This Engineering Services & Consultancy

include Forensic Engineering, Engineering

Consultancy & Testing Services specializing on

Structural, Geotechnical & Pavement consultancy,

Site investigation, Engineering Testing, Education &

Training services. Through the Agreement with TNB,

the engineering fields of expertise of Kumpulan

IKRAM will be provided to complement and enhance

the delivery system of TNB.

IPC International Plumbing Code

IPM Integrated Pest Management

IPMVP The International Performance Measurement and

Verification Protocol (IPMVP) provide best-practice

protocol for measurement and verification of new

construction.

ISO 14000 ISO 14000 is a family of standards related to

environmental management that exists to help

organizations (a) minimize how their operations

(processes etc.) negatively affect the environment

(i.e. cause adverse changes to air, water, or land);

(b) comply with applicable laws, regulations, and

other environmentally oriented requirements, and (c)

continually improve in the above.

ISO 14040 A group of international standards laying out the

process for conducting and interpreting a life-cycle

assessment.

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ISO 50001 ISO 50001 is a specification created by the

International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

for an energy management system. The standard

specifies the requirements for establishing,

implementing, maintaining and improving an energy

management system, whose purpose is to enable an

organization to follow a systematic approach in

achieving continual improvement of energy

performance, including energy efficiency, energy

security, energy use, and consumption.

ISO International Organisation for Standardisation

JKR Public Works Department (Jabatan Kerja Raya)

KeTTHA The Malaysian Ministry of Energy, Green Technology,

and Water

KL The landscape coefficient (KL) is a constant used to

calculate the evapotranspiration rate. It takes into

account the species factor, density factor, and

microclimate factor of the area.

kW Kilowatt i.e. a unit of electric power (the rate at which

energy is used), which is equivalent to 1000 Watts.

kWh Kilo Watt hour

LCA 1. Life Cycle Assessment is a technique to evaluate

the relevant energy and material consumed and

environmental emissions associated with the entire

life of a product, process, activity or service.

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2. A method of analysing the environmental impacts

of a process, product or activity along its life cycle,

for example from ‘the cradle to the grave’. The

International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

defines life cycle assessment (LCA) as the following:

“Compilation and evaluation of the inputs, outputs

and the potential environmental impacts of a

product system throughout its life cycle" (ISO 14040:

1997).

3. Among the tools that life cycle management

(LCM) offers, LCA, or environmental balance, is one

of the most comprehensive and high-performance

methods. Life cycle assessment is the only method

that assesses the environmental impacts of a product

or activity (a system of products) over its entire life

cycle. It is, therefore, a holistic approach that takes

into account:

a. Extraction and treatment of raw

materials

b. Educational tools

c. Product manufacturing

d. Transport and distribution

e. Product use

f. End of life

4. The main goal of the method is to lessen the

environmental impacts of products and services by

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guiding the decision-making process. For companies,

designers, and governments, life cycle assessment

represents a decision-making aid tool for

implementing sustainable development.

Regulated by the ISO 14040 series standards, LCA

consists in four distinct phases:

a. Goal and scope definition (study

model that defines the methodological

framework, which all other LCA phases

must comply with)

b. Inventory of all the inputs and outputs

related to the product system

c. Assessment of the potential impacts

associated with these inputs and

outputs

d. Interpretation of the inventory data

and impact assessment results related

to the goal and scope of the study.

5. The objective of most LCA studies is to help

producers, manufacturers, companies and product

producers examine inputs (such as resources,

materials, and electricity) and outputs (such as

waste) and the impacts of these to improve

efficiencies and identify where better environmental

performance can be achieved.

The LCA approach forms the basis for a range of well-

known ‘footprint’ assessments including ‘carbon foot

printing’.

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LCCF Low Carbon City Framework

LEED Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design is a

green building rating and certification tool which

provides building owners and operators with a

framework for identifying and implementing

practical and measurable green building design,

construction, operations and maintenance solutions.

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design

(LEED) is a voluntary, internationally recognized

green building certification system that provides

third-party verification of adherence to the standard.

It was developed and is maintained by the US Green

Building Council.

LEED NC LEED for New Construction & Major Renovations is a

rating system that can be applied to commercial,

institutional and residential buildings of four or more

stories. The rating system has been applied to office

buildings, manufacturing plants, hotels, laboratories

and many other building types.

LEED EBOM The rating system encourages owners and operators

of existing buildings to implement sustainable

practices and reduce the environmental impacts of

their buildings, while addressing the major aspects of

ongoing building operations. All buildings (as defined

by standard building codes) are eligible for

certification under LEED for Existing Buildings. It is

targeted at single buildings, whether owner

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occupied, multitenant, or multiple-building campus

projects. It is a whole-building rating system;

individual tenant spaces aren’t eligible.

The LEED for Existing Buildings Operations and

Maintenance rating system is a set of performance

standards developed to certify the operations and

maintenance of existing commercial or institutional

buildings and high-rise residential buildings of all sizes,

both public and private, with the intent of promoting

high performance, healthful, durable, affordable,

and environmentally sound practices in existing

buildings.

LPD Lighting power density (LPD) is the amount of electric

lighting, usually measured in watts per square foot,

being used to illuminate a given space.

LRT Light Rail Transit

MDF A panel product used in cabinets and furniture;

generally made from wood fiber glued together with

binder; similar to particleboard, but with finer texture,

offering more precise finishing. Most MDF is made

with formaldehyde-emitting urea-formaldehyde

binder.

MDI Methyl Diisocyanate – non-formaldehyde binder

used in some medium-density fiberboard and

particleboard products, including straw-based

particleboard.

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MERV Minimum efficiency reporting value.

MITI Ministry of International Trade and Industry

MPAM Manual Pengurusan Aset Menyeluruh

MSDS Material safety data sheets (MSDS) are detailed,

written instructions documenting a method to

achieve uniformity of performance.

A report that manufacturers of most products are

required to make available to installers and

purchasers, informing them of product information

on chemicals, chemical compounds, and chemical

mixtures, the existence of potentially hazardous

ingredients, and providing instructions for the safe

handling, storage, and disposal of products

MSMA Manual Saliran Mesra Alam

MTCC Malaysian Timber Certification Council

MVAC Mechanical Ventilation and Air Conditioning

NAHRIM National Hydraulic Research Institute of Malaysia

NFA 1. Net floor area is a term used in building

codes to describe the actual occupied

area of a floor, not including accessory

unoccupied areas (stairs, elevator & HVAC

shafts, mechanical rooms, etc.) or the

thickness of walls. See NPFA-101 page 17,

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the International Building Code section

1002.1, or your local building code.

2. Also called Net-Usable Area or Occupied

Area. Gross Floor Area excluding Car Parks

& External Corridor; the area included in

surrounding walls of a building e.g. offices,

stores, meeting rooms, risers, internal

porches, etc., or portion thereof.

Nit The metric unit for luminance The U.S unit is ‘foot

lambert’. Also measured in candela per square

meter (cd/m²).

NPV The total discounted value of all cash inflows and

outflows from a project or investment, or a formula

used in assessing the value of an investment,

calculated by taking the present value of an

investment's future net cash flows and subtracting

the initial investment.

NRC The arithmetic average of absorption coefficients at

250, 500, 1,000, and 2,000 Hz for a material. The NRC

is often published by manufacturers in product

specifications, particularly for acoustical ceiling tiles

and acoustical wall panels.

O&M Operations and Maintenance

ODP Ozone-depleting potentials

OPR Owner's project requirements (OPR) is a written

document that details the ideas, concepts, and

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criteria that are determined by the owner to be

important to the success of the project.

OSB Oriented-strand board (OSB). Consists of wood or

plant particles or fibers bonded by a synthetic resin or

binder. Examples include particleboard, medium-

density fiberboard (MDF), plywood, wheat board,

oriented-strand board, and strawboard.

OTTV Overall Thermal Transfer Value

Pa Pascal i.e. the SI unit of pressure

PAS Publicly Available Specification

PE Population Equivalent

POPA Garis Panduan Pelan Operasi dan Penyelenggaraan

Aset

POPAT Garis Panduan Pelan Operasi dan Penyelenggaraan

Aset Tahunan

PPB Parts per billion.

PPM Parts per million.

PPSPPA Perbadanan Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal dan

Pembersihan Awam

PSP Principal Submitting Person

PSU Primary Sampling Unit: A sampling unit selected at

the first stage in a multistage area probability sample.

A PSU typically consists of one to several contiguous

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counties—for example, an MSA (metropolitan

statistical area) with surrounding suburban counties.

QLASSIC Quality Assessment System in Construction

RCx / Recx Recommissioning

RT Reverberation time (RT) is a measure of the amount

of reverberation in a space and equal to the time

required for the level of a steady sound to decay by

60 dB after the sound has stopped. The decay rate

depends on the amount of sound absorption in a

room, the room geometry, and the frequency of the

sound. RT is expressed in seconds.

RTTV Roof thermal transfer value

SBS Building whose occupants experience acute health

and/or comfort effects that appear to be linked to

time spent therein, but where no specific illness or

cause can be identified. Complaints may be

localized in a particular room or zone, or may spread

throughout the building. A pattern of health

complaints related to poor indoor air quality in a

specific building, but without a known cause or a

definite, diagnosable pattern of symptoms.

SHASSIC Safety and Health Assessment System in Construction

SHGC The fraction of solar gain admitted through a

window, expressed as a number between 0 and 1.

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SIRIM Standards and Industrial Research Institute of

Malaysia

SIRIM QAS SIRIM QAS International Sdn. Bhd., a wholly-owned

subsidiary of SIRIM Berhad, is Malaysia's leading

certification, inspection and testing body. SIRIM QAS

offers services to a cross-section of economic sectors

ranging from the electrical and electronic sectors to

forest management and the construction and

building sector.

SLA Service Level Agreement

SO Superintending Officer

SOP A standard operating procedure (SOP) manual can

be used to document routine operations and

maintenance practices, and to encourage the use

of standardized best practices.

SPAN National Water Services Commission (Suruhanjaya

Perkhidmatan Air Negara)

SRI Solar Reflectance Index is a measure of the

constructed surface ability to reflect solar heat as

shown by a small temperature rise. To calculate the

SRI, the reflectance and emittance value of the

material must be known. Basically, for example, dark

paving materials have low reflectance and

consequently low SRI values. Gray or white concrete

has higher reflectance and hence, higher SRI values.

However, both white and gray concrete will weather

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over time, and without maintenance, their SRI value

will decrease.

STC Sound transmission class (STC) is a single-number

rating for the acoustic attenuation of airborne sound

passing through a partition or other building element,

such as a wall, roof, or door, as measured in an

acoustical testing laboratory according to accepted

industry practice. A higher STC rating provides more

sound attenuation through a partition.

tCO2e Tons of CO2equivalent.

TNB Tenaga Nasional Berhad

TP Total phosphorus (TP) consists of organically bound

phosphates, polyphosphates, and orthophosphates

in storm water, the majority of which originates from

fertilizer application. Chemical precipitation is the

typical removal mechanism for phosphorus.

TPATA Tatacara Pengurusan Aset Tak Alih Kerajaan

TSS Total suspended solids (TSS) are particles that are too

small or light to be removed from stormwater via

gravity settling. Suspended solid concentrations are

typically removed via filtration.

Tvis Visible light transmittance (VLT) (Tvis) is the ratio of

total transmitted light to total incident light (i.e., the

amount of visible spectrum, 380–780 nanometers of

light passing through a glazing surface divided by the

amount of light striking the glazing surface). The

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higher the Tvis value, the more incident light passes

through the glazing.

TVOC The sum or total of all volatile organic compounds

(VOCs) released from a product or measured in a

space under certain defined conditions.

UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate

Change

UPC Uniform Plumbing Code

USGBC United States Green Building Council

VAV Variable Air Volume (VAV) is an HVAC conservation

feature that supplies varying quantities of

conditioned (heated or cooled) air to different parts

of a building according to the heating and cooling

needs of those specific areas.

VFD A variable frequency drive (VFD) is a device for

controlling the speed of a motor by controlling the

frequency of the electrical power supplied to it. VFDs

may be used to improve the efficiency of

mechanical systems as well as comfort, because

they use only as much power as needed, and can

be adjusted continuously.

VMT The number of miles traveled by motor vehicles in a

specified period of time, such as a day or a year, by

a number of motorists in absolute or per capita terms.

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VOC Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is a carbon

compound that vaporizes (becomes a gas) at

normal room temperatures. VOCs contribute to air

pollution directly and through atmospheric

photochemical reactions (excluding carbon

monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, metallic

carbides and carbonates, and ammonium

carbonate) to produce secondary air pollutants,

principally ozone and peroxyacetyl nitrate.

WEPLS Water Efficient Products Labelling Scheme under the

National Water Services Commission Malaysia

WFR Window-to-floor ratio (WFR) is the total area of the

window (measured vertically from 30 inches above

the finished floor to the top of the glass, multiplied by

the width of the glass) divided by the floor area.

WWF World Wildlife Fund

Glossary

A

Alternative Fuel Vehicles

Alternative-fuel vehicles use low-polluting, non-gasoline

fuels such as electricity, hydrogen, propane, compressed

natural gas, liquid natural gas, methanol, and ethanol.

Ambient Lighting

1. General illumination in lux

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2. Lighting in a space that provides for general way finding

and visual comfort, in contrast to task lighting, which

illuminates a defined area to facilitate specific visual

work

Assembly materials

The percentage of postconsumer or pre-consumer recycled

material in a product. It is determined by dividing the weight of

the recycled content by the overall weight of the assembly.

Assessment, Construction

An MYCREST rating scheme for assessing the construction

process employed in the project.

Assessment, Design

An MYCREST rating scheme for assessing the design of the

project from concept stage up to project completion.

Assessment, Operations

An MYCREST rating scheme for assessing the facility operations.

Atrium

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A usually sky lighted central area, often containing plants, in

some modern buildings, especially of a public or commercial

nature.

B

Baseline

Baseline is a base of measurement or point of reference,

verified and extracted from recognised authorities. It can also

be established from calculations using existing information.

Baseline Building Performance

Baseline building performance is the annual energy cost for a

building design, used as a baseline for comparison with above-

standard design

Bay

A bay is a component of a standard, rectilinear building design.

It is the open area defined by a building element such as

columns or a window. Typically, there are multiple identical

bays in succession

Best Practice

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A technique or methodology that has been accepted in the

construction industry to reliably lead to a desired result.

Binder

Glue used in manufacturing wood products, such as medium-

density fibreboard (MDF), particleboard, and engineered

lumber. Most binders are made with formaldehyde.

Biodiversity

Biodiversity is the variety of life on earth. It includes all species,

animals, plants, fungi, algae,

bacteria and the habitats that they depend upon.

Bioremediation

The use of microorganism and vegetation is to remove

contaminants from water and soils. Bioremediation is generally

a form of in-situ remediation and can be a viable alternative to

landfilling or incineration

Black water

1. Water is the wastewater containing fecal matter and

urine.

2. Wastewater from toilets and urinals.

3. Wastewater containing urine or fecal matter that should

be discharged to the sanitary drainage system of the

building or premises in accordance with the

International Plumbing Code.

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Bleed-off (or Blowdown)

Bleed-off, or blowdown, is the release of a portion of the

recirculating water from a cooling tower; this water carries

dissolved solids that can cause mineral build-up.

Blower door test

A blower door test gives an overall value for airtightness of a

space, and can help identify air leaks. The testing unit consists

of a calibrated fan that is sealed onto the unit entrance. The

fan creates a continuous flow of pressure into the unit (or out of

the unit when using theatrical fog to locate leaks). Devices

detect the rate of pressure retention and loss due to possible

air leaks in the construction.

Breathing Zone

The breathing zone is the region within an occupied space

between 3 and 6 feet above the floor and more than 2 feet

from walls or fixed air-conditioning equipment. (AHSRAE 62.1–

2007).

Brightness

The subjective perception of luminance

Brightness Glare

Glare resulting from high luminance or insufficiently shielded

light sources in the field of view. Also known as direct glare.

Brownfield

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Abandoned, idled, or under-used industrial and commercial

facilities/sites which expansion, redevelopment, or reuse is

complicated by real or perceived environmental

contamination (may include hazardous substances, pollutants,

or contaminants). They can be in urban, suburban, or rural

areas.

Building Engineer

A qualified engineering professional with relevant and sufficient

expertise who oversees and is responsible for the operation and

maintenance of mechanical, electrical and plumbing systems

in the project building.

Building Footprint

1. Building footprint is the area on a project site used by the

building structure, defined by the perimeter of the

building plan. Parking lots, parking garages, landscapes,

and other non-building facilities are not included in the

building footprint.

2. A "footprint" is defined as the entire area of ground

covered by permittable structure; in other words almost

everything except pavement. A building footprint is the

outline of the total area of a lot or site that is surrounded

by the exterior walls of a building or portion of a building,

exclusive of courtyards. In the absence of surrounding

exterior walls, surveyors will depict the area to be

occupied by the building with dotted lines. The size of

the wall will be determined by the size of the building

bricks or blocks to be used for the exterior wall in houses.

Attached porches are still part of the footprint.

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Building Typologies

Different types of buildings that are covered in the MyCREST

rating schemes.

C

Cadmium

A naturally-occurring element and source of pigments that

were once a staple in paints, but now are largely phased out

in architectural coatings except for certain specialty products.

High exposure to cadmium can cause a variety of health

problems, including kidney damage.

Car Sharing

A system under which multiple households share a pool of

automobiles, either through cooperative ownership or through

some other mechanism.

Carbon emission equivalent

A carbon footprint is measured in tonnes of carbon dioxide

equivalent (tCO2e). The carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e)

allows the different greenhouse gases to be compared on a

like-for-like basis relative to one unit of CO2. CO2e is calculated

by multiplying the emissions of each of the six greenhouse

gases by its 100-year global warming potential (GWP). A

carbon footprint considers all six of the Kyoto Protocol

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greenhouse gases: Carbon dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4),

Nitrous oxide (N2O), Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs),

Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6).

Carbon footprint

1. This is a measure of the total amount of carbon dioxide

emission equivalent (CO2e) that is directly and indirectly

caused by any activity, or is accumulated over the life

cycle of a construction product.

2. Carbon footprints provide a way of quantifying the

amount of global warming potential or greenhouse gas

equivalents (as units of carbon dioxide) emitted through

the whole life cycle of a product or consumer or business

activities.

Carbon offset

A fiscal unit measured in metric tons of carbon dioxide-

equivalent (CO2e) representing six main categories of

greenhouse gases. Aimed at reducing greenhouse gas

emissions, one carbon offset represents the reduction of one

metric ton of carbon dioxide (or its equivalent in other

greenhouse gases). Carbon offsets are typically purchased by

consumers of fossil fuels or products using fossil fuels, as a way

to "offset" or negate their negative environmental impact.

Carbon sequestration

The estimated amount of carbon removed annually by plants,

through the process of photosynthesis.

Carbon storage

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Carbon currently held in plant tissue (tree bole, branches, and

roots).

Category

A set of issues that define the broad impacts and address ways

in which a project can mitigate the negative environmental

effects.

Certification

The process of labelling a project’s compliance with MyCREST

schemes.

Chemical Treatment

Chemical treatment includes the use of biocidal, conditioning,

dispersant, and scale-inhibiting chemicals to control biological

growth, scale, and corrosion in cooling towers. Alternatives to

conventional chemical treatment include ozonation, ionization,

and exposure to ultraviolet light.

Chromium

A naturally occurring metal used to make chrome, used in

some wood treatment compounds, and sometimes used to tan

leather. Its usage has been greatly reduced, but it may still be

found in some products. Although chromium is an essential

nutrient, some chromium compounds are carcinogenic.

Circadian Rhythm

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1. The rhythm of an organism's vital functions with relation

to the daily cycle of the natural environment

2. A daily rhythmic activity cycle, based on 24-hour

intervals that is exhibited by many organisms

CIE Overcast Sky

The "cloudy sky" as used in the Radiance simulation software.

Clerestory

The upper part of the nave, choir, and transepts of a large

building containing a series of windows. It is clear of the roofs of

the aisles and admits light to the central parts of the building.

Clerestory Windows

Pronounced and sometimes spelled "clear-story," these are

vertical, or close-to-vertical, windows high in the wall of a

building that bring daylight deeply into the building and, if

operable, can help ventilate the space.

Climate change

1. Climate change is defined as a change of climate which is

attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters

the composition of the global atmosphere.

2. Climate change refers to any significant change in

measures of climate (such as temperature, precipitation, or

wind) lasting for an extended period (decades or longer).

3. The increase in global average temperatures being caused

by a build-up of CO2 and other greenhouse gases in the

atmosphere. This temperature change is leading to

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changes in circulation patterns in the air and in the oceans,

which are affecting climates differently in different places.

Among the predicted effects are a significant cooling in

Western Europe due to changes in the jet stream, and rising

sea levels due to the melting of polar ice and glaciers.

Comfort Criteria

Comfort criteria are specific design conditions that take into

account temperature, humidity, air speed, outdoor

temperature, outdoor humidity, seasonal clothing, and

expected activity.

Commissioning

A set of activities conducted during or after the construction

phase aimed at verifying that the building or pieces of its

systems, functions as designed. This is a comprehensive process

of reviewing design documentation, verifying installation,

testing equipment and system performance, training building

operators and analysing the operation of building systems.

Composting

Compost is an organic matter that has been decomposed

and recycled as a fertilizer and soil amendment. The compost

itself is beneficial for the land in many ways, including as a soil

conditioner, a fertilizer, addition of vital humus or humic acids,

and as a natural pesticide for soil. Composting from materials

from business and industry can be done onsite and offsite.

Industrial composting systems are increasingly being installed

as a waste management alternative to landfills, along with

other advanced waste processing systems. Mechanical sorting

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of mixed waste streams combined with anaerobic digestion or

in-vessel composting is called mechanical biological treatment.

Conductivity Meter

A device that measures the amount of nutrients and salt in

water. It is also known as an EC meter.

Construction IAQ Management Plan

A construction IAQ management plan outlines measures to

minimize contamination in a specific project building during

construction and describes procedures to flush the building of

contaminants prior to occupancy.

Construction Waste Management Plan (CWMP)

A plan that diverts construction debris from landfills through the

processes of recycling, salvaging and reusing.

Conversion Factors

Floor space estimates may be converted to metric units by

using the relationship: 1 square foot is approximately equal to

0.0929 square meters. Energy estimates may be converted to

metric units by using the relationship: 1 Btu is approximately

equal to 1,055 joules; one kilowatt-hour is exactly equal to

3,600,000 joules; and one gigajoule (109 joules) is

approximately 278 kilowatt-hours (kWh).

Cooling Equipment

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The equipment used for cooling room air in a building for

human comfort.

Cradle to gate

Describes an LCA that includes extraction of resources and

production but not transportation, use, maintenance or

disposal or recycling.

Cradle to grave

Describes an LCA that includes the full life cycle, from resource

extraction through disposal or recycling (sometimes called

cradle-to-cradle).

Criterion

Individual issues in the category that outlines the mitigation and

measurement principles and compliance to submittal

requirements and scoring levels.

D

Daylight Glazing

A vertical window area located 7'6" above the floor. Glazing at

this height is the most effective at distributing daylight deep into

the interior space.

Daylight Sensors

A lighting feature that takes advantage of sunlight to cut the

amount of electric lighting used in a building by varying the

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output of the lighting system in response to variations in

available daylight. They are sometimes referred to as "natural

lighting control sensors " or "photocells”.

Density Factor

Density factor (kd) is a coefficient used in calculating the

landscape coefficient. It modifies the evapotranspiration rate

to reflect the water use of a plant or group of plants, particularly

with reference to the density of the plant material

Design Intent

A written document that details the ideas, concepts, and

criteria that are determined by the owner to be important to

the success of the project.

Designated Parking (or Preferred Parking)

Preferred parking, available to particular users, includes

designated spaces close to the building (aside from

designated handicapped spots), designated covered

spaces, discounted parking passes, and guaranteed passes

in a lottery system.

Diameter at breast height (DBH)

Diameter at breast height (DBH) is a standard method for

determining the trunk diameter of a standing tree.

Diffused Interior Lighting

Lighting that does not come from any particular direction.

Diffusers

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In an MVAC context, diffusers disperse heating, cooling, or

ventilation air as it enters a room, ideally preventing

uncomfortable direct currents and in many cases, reducing

energy costs and improving indoor air quality (IAQ). In light

fixtures, diffusers filter and disperse light.

Direct Line of Sight through Vision Glazing

The approach used to determine the calculated area of

regularly occupied areas with direct line of sight to perimeter

vision glazing. The area determination includes full height

partitions and other fixed construction prior to installation of

furniture.

Durable Goods

Durable goods are goods with a useful life of 2 years or more

and are replaced infrequently or may require capital program

outlays. Examples include furniture, office equipment,

appliances, external power adapters, televisions, and audio-

visual equipment.

E

Eco label (or Green label)

Product or service markers, often in the form of a label, service

mark, or seal, that seek to make consumers aware of the

imperceptible environmental contents of the product or to

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indicate that its production meets certain standards deemed

to be socially desirable.

Embodied carbon

1. The carbon emitted to the atmosphere by the energy

consumed by all processes associated with the construction

of a building, from the acquisition of natural resources up to

the completion of the building.

2. The cradle-to-gate CO2 emissions, energy consumption, or

water consumption, respectively, of a product or system.

Embodied Energy

1. Embodied energy is the energy used during the entire life

cycle of a product, including its manufacture,

transportation, and disposal, as well as the inherent energy

captured within the product itself.

2. The energy expended in the process of creating a product,

often including the fuel value of its constituent parts as well

as transportation to its point of use.

Emissivity

Emissivity is the ratio of the radiation emitted by a surface to the

radiation emitted by a black body at the same temperature.

Endocrine Disrupter

Chemical that mimics natural hormones, such as estrogen, and

may interfere with reproductive development or alter

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behaviour in offspring. Among common chemicals believed to

be endocrine disrupters are phthalate plasticizers used in PVC

plastic and bisphenol-A, which is used in the manufacture of

epoxies and polycarbonate plastic.

Energy Intensity

The ratio of consumption to unit of measurement (floor space,

number of workers, etc.). Energy intensity is usually given on an

aggregate basis, as the ratio of the total consumption for a set

of buildings to the total floor space in those

buildings. Conditional energy intensity and gross energy

intensity are presented. The energy intensity can also be

computed for individual buildings.

Erosion

A combination of processes and events whereby materials of

the earth’s surface are loosened, dissolved or worn away and

transported by natural agents such as air and water.

Exemplary performance

Points that are achieved through the doubling of credit

requirements and/or achieving the next incremental

percentage threshold. However, this rule varies on a case by

case basis, there each credit requirements must be examined

closely.

Exfiltration

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Exfiltration is air leakage through cracks and interstices and the

ceilings, floors, and walls

External Overhangs (or Awnings)

A conservation feature designed to reduce the transmission of

light into a building. These include any type of overhang

(including architectural) or awning on the outside of the

building designed to limit solar penetration.

Extraction (also known as harvest or recovery point)

Extraction, harvest or recovery point refers to the location of

raw materials prior to manufacturing of the building material or

product that is furnished and installed in the project building.

F

Fenestration

The arrangement of windows and doors on the elevations of a

building.

Formaldehyde

1. Formaldehyde is a naturally occurring volatile organic

compound (VOC) found in small amounts in animals and

plants but is carcinogenic and an irritant to most people

when present in high concentrations, causing headaches,

dizziness, mental impairment, and other symptoms. When

present in the air at levels above 0.1 ppm, it can cause

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watery eyes; burning sensations in the eyes, nose, and

throat; nausea; coughing; chest tightness; wheezing; skin

rashes; and asthmatic and allergic reactions.

2. A known carcinogen with no known safe exposure level.

Formaldehyde occurs naturally, but appears in unnaturally

high concentrations in many buildings because it is an

ingredient in binders used in many building materials and

furnishings.

Fuel-Efficient Vehicles

Fuel-efficient vehicles have achieved a minimum green score

of 40 according to the annual vehicle-rating guide of the

American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy.

Functional Performance Testing

The process of determining the ability of the commissioned

systems to perform in accordance with the owner's project

requirements, basis of design (BOD), and construction

documents.

G

Glare

The sensation produced by brightness within the visual field that

is greater than the brightness to which the eye is adapted and

thus causes annoyance, discomfort, or loss in visual

performance and visibility.

Green Building

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The practice of creating a sustainable built environment and

using processes that minimizes ecological impact while

addressing the specific regional needs and local environment.

Green cleaning

Green cleaning is the use of cleaning products and

practices that have lower environmental impacts and more

positive indoor air quality impacts than conventional

products and practices.

Grey water

This is defined as untreated domestic used water, which has not

come into contact with toilet waste. Grey water includes water

from bathtubs, showers, sinks and laundry system.

Gross Energy Intensity

Total consumption of a particular energy source(s) or fuel(s) by

a group of buildings, divided by the total floor space of those

buildings, including buildings and floor space where the energy

source or fuel is not used, i.e., the ratio of consumption to gross

floor space.

Gross Floor Area

1. Gross floor area is the sum of the floor areas of the

spaces within the building, including basements,

mezzanine and intermediate‐floored tiers.

Measurements must be taken from the exterior faces of

exterior walls OR from the centreline of walls separating

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buildings, OR the centreline of walls separating spaces.

Excludes non‐enclosed (or non‐enclosable) roofed‐over

areas such as exterior covered walkways, porches,

terraces or steps, roof overhangs, and similar features.

2. Total area of all floors of a building as measured to the

outside surfaces of exterior walls and including flat roofs,

halls, stairways, elevator/lift shafts, attached garages /

car parks (underground/attached/indoor), porches,

balconies, basements, offices but excluding voids and

open/uncovered car parks.

3. The area excludes air shafts, pipe trenches, and

chimneys; floor area dedicated to the parking and

circulation of motor vehicles. (Note that while excluded

features may not be part of the gross floor area, and

therefore technically not a part of the MyCREST project

building, they may still be required to be a part of the

overall MyCREST project and subject to prerequisites,

and points)

H

Hardscape

Hardscape consists of the inanimate elements of the building

landscaping. Examples include pavement, roadways, stone

walls, concrete paths and sidewalks, and concrete, brick, and

tile patios.

Health Care

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A scheme that covers the assessment of Health Care facilities.

Heat Island Effect

1. Heat island effect refers to the absorption of heat by

hardscapes, such as dark, non-reflective pavement and

buildings, and its radiation to surrounding areas. Other

sources may include vehicle exhaust, air-conditioners,

and street equipment. Reduced airflow because of tall

buildings and narrow streets exacerbate the effect.

2. An urban area having higher average temperature than

its rural surroundings owing to the greater absorption,

retention, and generation of heat by its buildings,

pavements, and human activities.

Heat Pump

A type of heating and/or cooling equipment that draws heat

into a building from outside and during the cooling season,

ejects heat from the building to the outside. Heat pumps are

vapour-compression refrigeration systems whose

indoor/outdoor coils are used reversibly as condensers or

evaporators, depending on the need for heating or cooling.

Hotels

A scheme that covers the assessment of Hotels.

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I

Illuminance

Amount of light incident on a surface.

Impact

An action that affects a natural system, typically by extracting

resources or emitting contaminants.

Impervious Surfaces

Surfaces that promote runoff of precipitation volumes instead

of infiltration into the subsurface. The imperviousness or degree

of runoff potential can be estimated for different surface

materials.

Imperviousness

Resistance to penetration by a liquid and is calculated as the

percentage of area covered by a paving system that does not

allow moisture to soak into the ground.

Integrated Design

A design approach that relies on a multidisciplinary and

collaborative team approach in which members make

decisions together based on a shared vision and holistic

understanding of the project. Rather than a conventional linear

design process in which a design is passed from one

professional to another, an integrated process has all key team

members talking together throughout the design and

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construction process as they share ideas and use feedback

across disciplines to iteratively move toward a high-performing

design.

Integrated Pest Management

Integrated pest management (IPM) is the coordinated use of

knowledge about pests, the environment, and pest prevention

and control methods to minimize pest infestation and damage

by the most economical means while minimizing hazards to

people, property, and the environment.

Impervious Surfaces

These have a perviousness of less than 50%. They promote run-

off of water instead of infiltration into the subsurface. Examples

are parking areas, roads and pavements.

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L

Landscape Area

The landscape area is the total site area less the building

footprint, paved surfaces, water bodies, and patios.

Life cycle

The stages of a product or system, encompassing resource

extraction, manufacturing, transportation and installation, use

and maintenance, and end of life.

Light Shelf

A horizontal element positioned above eye level to reflected

daylight onto the ceiling.

Light Pollution

Wastage of light, or unwanted light from building sites or

building facades that does not increase safety or utility and

unnecessarily consumes energy.

Louver

A series of baffles used to shield a light source from view at

certain angles or to absorb some light.

Low-Emitting Vehicles (see also Alternative Fuel Vehicles)

Low-emitting vehicles are classified as zero-emission vehicles

(ZEVs) by the California Air Resources Board.

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Lumen

1. A lumen is a unit of luminous flux equal to the light emitted

in a unit solid angle by a uniform point source of 1 candle

intensity.

2. A measurement of light output.

Luminaires

A complete electric lighting/artificial lighting unit including

housing, lamp, electrical components, diffusers and focusers.

Also called a fixture.

Luminance

Amount of light coming from a surface; in other words, the

‘brightness’.

Luminous Flux

The rate of flow of energy (light) whereby the unit is lumen.

Lux

Measurement of lumens per square meter.

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M

Multi-Occupant Spaces

Conference rooms, classrooms and other indoor spaces

used as a place of congregation for presentations,

trainings, etc. Individuals using these spaces share the

lighting and temperature controls, and they should have,

at a minimum, a separate zone with accessible

thermostat and an air-flow control. Group multi-

occupant spaces do not include open office plans that

contain individual workstations.

N

Non-Potable Water

Water that is unsafe or unpalatable to drink because it

contains pollutants, contaminants, minerals, or infective

agents.

O

Occupied Building Spaces

Areas or spaces where one or more individual fully utilized

either for working purposes, study, examination or performed

other focused activities inside a building. These include any

http://www.leeduser.com/glossary/14#term4906


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spaces that require a detail visual tasking at a working plane

surface, which is at 0.8m above the finished floor levels.

Occupied Areas

These are generally defined as enclosed areas or spaces that

accommodate human activity. This activity may be regular

activities such as office work or non-regular such as lobby areas

and gallery areas.

Occupied spaces

Enclosed spaces that can accommodate human activities.

Occupied spaces are further classified as regularly

occupied or non-regularly occupied spaces based on the

duration of the occupancy, individual or multi-occupant

based on the quantity of occupants, and densely or non-

densely occupied spaces based upon the concentration of

occupants in the space.

On-going Consumables

Ongoing consumables have a low cost per unit and are

regularly used and replaced in the course of business.

Examples include paper, toner cartridges, binders, batteries,

and desk accessories.

Operational carbon

All forms of carbon emitted by the energy consumed during

the life span of a building where it is used for the purpose it was

designed.

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P

Phenol Formaldehyde

Phenol formaldehyde, which off-gasses only at high

temperature, is used for exterior products, although many of

these products are suitable for interior applications.

Photo sensors

A photo sensor is an electronic component that detects the

presence of visible light, infrared transmission (IR), and/or

ultraviolet (UV) energy

Photometric chart

Lighting simulation result shown in the form of grid arrangement

usually in plan and perspective view. Each lighting incidence

on surface will portray in photometric chart.

Policy

Documented guidelines that articulate the organization

principles and its employees' response to known and

knowable situations. Policies shall be approved through the

organization's official governance mechanisms and

managed and maintained by the organization's official

policy function(s).

Post-consumer content

1. Content produced by households, commercial, or

industrial facilities that has been diverted or recovered

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from waste streams and broken down and processed for

use in new products or packaging.

2. Waste generated by end users (households or

commercial, industrial and institutional facilities) of a

product no longer able to be used for its intended

purpose that is recycled into raw material for a new

product.

Post-industrial content (or Pre-consumer content)

1. Scrap or waste recovered from the manufacturing

process for reuse or recycling.

2. Refers to material diverted from the waste stream during

a manufacturing process. Excluded from this category is

reutilization of materials such as scrap that are

generated in a process and capable of being

reclaimed within the same process. Generally

synonymous with "pre-consumer."

Potable Water

Potable water meets or exceeds EPA's drinking water

quality standards and is approved for human

consumption by the state or local authorities having

jurisdiction; it may be supplied from wells or municipal

water systems.

Previously developed

Previously developed sites are those altered by paving,

construction, and/or land use that would typically have

required regulatory permitting to have been initiated

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(alterations may exist now or in the past). Previously

developed land includes a platted lot on which a

building was constructed if the lot is no more than 1 acre;

previous development on lots larger than 1 acre is

defined as the development footprint and land

alterations associated with the footprint. Land that is not

previously developed and altered landscapes resulting

from current or historical clearing or filling, agricultural or

forestry use, or preserved natural area use are considered

undeveloped land. The date of previous development

permit issuance constitutes the date of previous

development, but permit issuance in itself does not

constitute previous development."

Public use

Public or public use applies to all buildings, structures, or

uses that are not defined as private or private use.

R

Recyclable

A term generally applied to consumable goods such as paper,

plastics, glass bottles, a product or material is recyclable if it

may be removed from the waste disposal stream, returned to

its original raw material form, and reused as a raw material

input for a manufacturing process.

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Recycled content

The proportion of pre-consumer or post-consumer recycled

material, by mass, in a product or packaging or building

Reflectance Value

The ratio of energy (light) bouncing away from a surface to the

amount striking it, expressed as a percentage.

Renewable energy

Energy derived from resources that are naturally replenished

and can be sustained indefinitely. Potential sources include,

but not limited to, solar electric (photovoltaic), solar thermal,

solar thermal electric, wind, geothermal, bio-gas, biomass, low-

impact hydro and renewable cogeneration on-site or off-site,

on- or off-grid.

Retention Ponds

1. Ponds that help control potential flooding from

stormwater runoff and to help improve the water quality

that leads into streams.

2. Designed to hold a specific amount of water indefinitely.

Usually the pond is designed to have drainage leading

to another location when the water level gets above the

pond capacity, but still maintains a certain capacity.

3. A water retention pond retains water all the time. The

pond level may go up and down, but ordinarily the

pond has some water in it. So, if the pond is typically

empty except during and shortly after rain or other

precipitation, it is a detention pond. If the pond always

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has water in it, then it is a retention pond. A retention

pond also may clear the water of pollutants before its

release.

Roof Area

Roof area is the area of the uppermost surface of the

building that covers enclosed Gross Floor Area, as

measured when projected onto a flat, horizontal surface

(i.e. as seen in Roof Plan view). ‘Roofs’, or portions of roofs,

covering unenclosed areas (e.g. roofs over porches and

open covered parking structures) are not included in the

areas used to evaluate compliance.

S

Scope of emissions

The categorization of emissions according to the Greenhouse

Gas Protocol Initiative, an international accounting tool widely

used by government and business leaders to understand,

quantify, and manage GHG emissions. Scope 1, 2, and 3

emissions are the GHG Protocol’s categories of direct and

indirect emissions. According to the Greenhouse Gas Protocol

Initiative website, the definitions of Scopes 1, 2, and 3 are:

1. Scope 1

Emissions are greenhouse gas emissions that occur as a

direct result of activities at a facility.

2. Scope 2

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Emissions cover greenhouse gas emissions from the

generation of purchased electricity, steam, heating or

cooling consumed by a facility.

3. Scope 3

Emissions cover all indirect emissions that are not

included in scope 2, such as the transport and

distribution of purchased fuel.

Sealants

A sealant has adhesive properties and is formulated

primarily to fill, seal, or waterproof gaps or joints between

2 surfaces. Sealants include sealant primers and caulks.

Sealants are used on wood, fabric, paper, corrugated

paperboard, plastic foam and other materials with tiny

openings, often microscopic, that may absorb or

discharge gas or fluid.

Shading Coefficient

1. The ratio of the total solar heat gains through a window

to that through 3mm clear glass.

2. Modelling, exercising, and analysing a design’s

behaviour without physically building the design. The

simulator and simulation model have all the necessary

attributes of the physical design.

Shall

Indicates a mandatory requirement.

Shielding

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A nontechnical term that describes devices or techniques

that are used as part of a luminaire or lamp to limit glare,

light trespass, or sky glow.

Should

Indicates a recommendation or that which is advised but not

required.

Solar reflectance

Also known as albedo: the fraction of solar energy that is

reflected by a surface on a scale of 0 to 1. Black paint has

a solar reflectance of 0; white paint (titanium dioxide) has a

solar reflectance of 1. The standard technique for its

determination uses spectrophotometric measurements, with

an integrating sphere to determine the reflectance at each

wavelength. The average reflectance is then determined by

an averaging process, using a standard solar spectrum, as

documented by ASTM Standards E903 and E892.

Solid Waste

Any refuse or sludge from a wastewater treatment plant, water

supply treatment plant, or air pollution control facility and other

discarded materials including solid, liquid, semi-solid, or

contained gaseous material resulting from industrial,

commercial, mining and agricultural operations, and from

community activities.

Stakeholder

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Any individual or group affected by or who can affect the

actions of an organization. Stakeholders include shareholders,

employees, customers, regulators, community members, or

suppliers.

Sub-Meter (or Sub-Metering)

Submetering is used to determine the proportion of energy

or water use within a building attributable to specific end

uses such as tenant spaces, or subsystems such as the

heating component of an HVAC system.

Supply chain

The network of organizations that cooperate to transform raw

materials into finished goods and services for consumers.

Sustainability

Human activity conducted in a way that meets “the needs of

the present without compromising the ability of future

generations to meet their needs.” In the marketplace, the term

is used to address ideas and emerging systems of thought that

include corporate social responsibility, corporate citizenship

and environmental responsibility.

Sustainable Timber (also known as Certified Wood)

Wood from a source that has been determined through a

certification process and meet stated ecological and other

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criteria. There are numerous forest certification programs in

general use based on several standards

T

Task Lighting

The light provided for a specific task, versus general or

ambient lighting.

Transitional Spaces

Fully enclosed transitional spaces that interconnected

between the occupied building areas region, excluding the

ancillary circulation zones, lift lobby, waiting areas, entrance

hall/lobby or any services circulation spaces.

Transmittance

The ratio of energy (light) passing through a surface to the

amount striking it, expressed as a percentage.

U

U-value

U-value describes how well a building element conducts

heat. It measures the rate of heat transfer through a building

element over a given area, under standardized conditions.

The greater the U-value, the less efficient the building

element is as an insulator. The inverse of (1 divided by) the

U-value is the R-value.

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Urban Heat Island

A densely populated area in which pavement and buildings

absorb, store, and release solar energy, making the vicinity

warmer than it would be if the pavement and buildings were

not present.

Urea Formaldehyde

Urea formaldehyde is a combination of urea and

formaldehyde used in some glues and adhesives,

particularly in composite wood products. At room

temperature, ureaformaldehyde emits formaldehyde, a

toxic and possibly carcinogenic gas.

V

Visual Performance

The quantitative assessment of a visual task, taking into

consideration speed and accuracy.

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W

Waste

Any Material from the generator or holder that does not possess

characteristics or meet technical specifications for use in the

marketplace without further processing and will be discarded

or released to the environment.

Wetlands

Wetlands are areas such as swamps, bogs, and marshes where

water either covers the soil or is present at or near the surface,

particularly in the root zone, at least, a good portion of the year,

including the growing season.

Working plane

The plane at which work is performed, usually taken as

horizontal and desk height (0.8m) from the floor.

X

Xeriscape

Xeriscaping is a landscaping method that makes routine

irrigation unnecessary. It uses drought-adaptable and

low-water plants as well as soil amendments such as

compost and mulches to reduce evaporation.


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Glossary – Types of Occupied Building Spaces

Educational

1. Classrooms (excluding lecture halls/theatres)

2. Lecturer/teacher office ( open plan /individual room)

3. Dormitories /bedrooms

4. Library (reading area)

Hotels

1. Hotels bedrooms/suites

2. Staff offices ( open plan /individual room)

Hospitals/ Daycares/ Clinics

1. Sister/nurse workstations

2. Staff office /nurse office/doctor’s office (excluding on-call

room)

3. General examination rooms (Simple examination)*

4. General treatment rooms*

5. Patients wards (open wards/isolation wards)

Industrials

1. Metal workings/welding etc.*

2. Products assemble spaces. *


*refer to any spaces that the utilization of natural day lighting

has less /no implications to defect /limit the capabilities of

neither occupants nor instruments in that particular space. For

instance, some general examination rooms /laboratories in

hospital may allow utilization of daylight and some others might

155 | P a g e

not, it’s depended on the allowable daylight sensitivity on that

spaces. Consulting a spatial advisors/specialist may help to

determine which area prone to these daylight sensitivity. For

submission purposes, applicant may submit supporting

documents stating the daylight sensitivity of those particular

spaces.

Offices

1. Open plan layout

2. Enclosed Plan layout (Single /individual room)

3. Laboratories*

4. Pharmacy office*

Retails

1. Sales area/display area


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References, Standards and Codes

1. Akta Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal dan Pembersihan Awam 2007 (Akta

672).

2. American Society of Heating & Refrigerating Air Conditioning

Engineers ASHRAE Chapter 47 Sound & Vibration Control.

3. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2013, Thermal Environmental Conditions for

Human Occupancy.

4. ASHRAE Journal, The Energy Impacts of Day lighting.

5. “Australian Mould Guideline (AMG 2010)”. Kemp, P.C et al. 2nd Edn.

2010 Messenger Publishing.

6. Belanjawan Operasi dan Penyenggaraan Aset Tahunan (BOPAT).

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8. BUILDINGS, Regional Materials: Benefits and advantages, 2013:

http://www.buildings.com/article-

details/articleid/15165/title/regional-materials-benefits-and-

advantages.aspx

9. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) HVAC Basics. 1998. Copyright © 1998

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15. Directive 2011/65/EU of The European Parliament and of The Council

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16. EIA & PAT Flowchart

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158 | P a g e

33. Garis Panduan Perancangan Kejiranan Hijau by: Jabatan

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41. Indoor Mould Prevention Guideline published by JKR 2009.

42. International Performance Measurement & Verification Protocol.

43. ISO 50001 Energy Management Standard.

44. Jiakung Lu, Dagnachew Birru, Kamin Whitehouse, Using Simple Light

Sensors to Achieve Smart Daylight Harvesting.

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50. Malaysian Timber Certification Council (MTCC).

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57. MS 1331: 1993 Code of Practice for Access of Disabled People

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66. Quality Management System JKR.

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69. SEAI, Lighting Control, A Guide to Energy Efficient and Cost effective

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75. Spesifikasi Teknikal Kontrak Pengurusan Fasiliti.

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78. Suruhanjaya Tenaga Energy Efficient Label.

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