05 Substation Automation and Smart Grid.ppt - IEEE Automation... · Substation Automation and Smart...
Transcript of 05 Substation Automation and Smart Grid.ppt - IEEE Automation... · Substation Automation and Smart...
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Substation Automation and Smart Grid
GEEnergy
John D. McDonald, P.E.GM T&D M k i
POWE RI NG P O TE N TIA L
The Smart Grid
GM, T&D Marketing
IEEE PES Past PresidentIEEE Division VII DirectorIEEE Fellow
Current SituationCurrent IED Penetration
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
2 /GE /
• A little more than half of existing T&D substations are equipped with IEDs
0%No IEDs IEDs
Source: “The World Market for Substation Automation and Integration Programsin Electric Utilities: 2005-2007”; Newton-Evans Research Company, Inc.
Current Situation (continued)
IED Level of Integration
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
3 /GE /
• 55% of IED substations have no integration (29% of total subs)
• 45% of IED substations have some integration (24% of total)
0%IEDs - No integration IEDs with some level of integration and
automation
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Plans for “Retrofit” Substations
Retroft Substations
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
4 /GE /
• 97% of retrofit T&D substations will have IEDs
• 42% of retrofit T&D substations include IED integration and automation
0%No IEDs IEDs - No Integration IEDs with some level of
integration
Plans for New Substations
Plans for New Substations
10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
5 /GE /
• 97% of T&D substations will have IEDs• 85% of T&D substations will include IED
integration and automation
0%No IEDs IEDs - No Integration IEDs with some level of
integration
Why Needed? Why Now?
• DEREGULATION & COMPETITION– Deregulation driving actions of
most utilities– Major driving forces:
• Improved power quality and service reliability
6 /GE /
• New energy related services and business areas
• Lower cost of service• Information needed for
improved decision making– SA: A proactive response to these
forces
3
Why Needed? Why Now?• DEVELOPMENT OF IEDs
– Rapid development and deployment of Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs)• Protective relays• Meters• Equipment condition monitors
– IEDs have become an integral part of
7 /GE /
g pSubstation Automation systems
– Technological developments have made SA Systems less expensive and more powerful
RTUDirect-
Wired
I/O
DataConcentrator
IED IED IED
LAN
Why Needed? Why Now?• ENTERPRISE-WIDE INTEREST IN
INFORMATION FROM IEDs– “Operational” Data
• Amps, volts, watts, VARs, fault location, switchgear status
– “Non-Operational” Data• Equipment condition
8 /GE /
Equipment condition • Fault event and power quality data
(waveforms)– Persons working outside the control room
want access for improved decision making
SA Platform
EMS/DMS
CorporateData Warehouse
Why Needed? Why Now?• IMPLEMENTATION AND ACCEPTANCE OF
STANDARDS– Confusion over industry communication
standards is diminishing– International standards have become reality
UCA2 IEC61850
9 /GE /
– Standards based implementation projects underway at many electric utilities• Widespread use of de facto standards for IED
communications (DNP3, Modbus. Modbus+)• Some use of de jure standards
(UCA2/IEC61850)
UCA2 IEC61850
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IED L l B fitIED Level Benefits
Construction Cost Savings
Electromechanical Devices IEDs
• Required functionality bundled in fewer components (21, 50/51, 79,…, metering, etc)
• One IED may replace many E-M devices
11 /GE /
WM+
AM A VM
VarM+
PF+
+ + +
WH+
VarH+
50/51N+
50/51A+
50/51B+
50/51C+
AS+
VS+
52CS
G R
TS+
+
46
WM+
AM
VarM+
PF+
+
WH+
VarH+
50/51N+
50/51A+
50/51B+
50/51C+
AS+
52CS
G R
TS+
+
79
WM+
AM
VarM+
PF+
+
WH+
VarH+
50/51N+
50/51A+
50/51B+
50/51C+
AS+
52CS
G R
TS+
+
79
AM+
50/51A+
50/51B+
50/51C+
AS+
86+
52CS
G R
TS+
+
50/51G+
++
87TA
+
46
W
87TB
87TC
Transformer T1 Main Bkr M1 Feeder Bkr F1 Feeder Bkr F2
+
TS+
+
TPU
+
+
DPU
+
DPU
F1
+
DPU
F2
+ + +
+ +
IEDs
Construction Cost Savings
• Reduction in Physical Complexity– Less inter-device wiring– Fewer unique devices to inventory– Some traditional devices eliminated
altogether
12 /GE /
5
Construction Cost Savings
• Relay/control house size (new construction only)
• Design & construction labor and materials
13 /GE /
Integration Level BenefitsIntegration Level Benefits
Integrated Protection Functions
• Objective: Incorporate protection functions in the SA System– Basic protection units (IEDs)
exchange current/voltage data via high speed LAN
15 /GE /
high speed LAN– Relay trip signals exchanged over
LANBusDiff
RelayHardwired Hardwired
AC AC
DC DC
Traditional (Electromechanical) Approach
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Integrated Protection Functions
• Objective: Incorporate protection functions in the SA System– Basic protection units (IEDs)
exchange current/voltage data via high speed LAN
16 /GE /
high speed LAN– Relay trip signals exchanged over
LANRelayIED
AC
DC DC
Integrated IED Approach
RelayIED
Local Area Network
Current/Voltage meas; Status/Trip signals
115kVSource
Integrated Protection – Breaker Failure
17 /GE /
69kV Bus
Source atRemote End
115kVSource
Integrated Protection – Breaker Failure
18 /GE /
69kV Bus
Source atRemote End
Fault
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115kVSource
Integrated Protection – Breaker Failure
19 /GE /
69kV Bus
Source atRemote End
ProtRelayIED
OC
115kVSource
Integrated Protection – Breaker Failure
20 /GE /
69kV Bus
Source atRemote End
ProtRelayIED
OC
115kVSource
Integrated Protection – Breaker Failure
21 /GE /
69kV Bus
Source atRemote End
ProtRelayIED
OC
BreakerFailure
8
115kVSource
Integrated Protection – Breaker Failure
22 /GE /
69kV Bus
Source atRemote End
ProtRelayIED
OC
BreakerFailure
BF
Hardwired
Hardwired
115kVSource
Integrated Protection – Breaker Failure
23 /GE /
69kV Bus
Source atRemote End
ProtRelayIED
OC
BreakerFailure
BF
Hardwired
Hardwired
115kVSource
Integrated Protection – Breaker Failure
24 /GE /
69kV Bus
Source atRemote End
ProtRelayIED
OC
BreakerFailure
9
115kVSource
ProtR l
Integrated Protection – Breaker Failure
25 /GE /
69kV Bus
ProtRelayIED
OC
RelayIED
ProtRelayIED
Substation LAN
115kVSource
ProtRelayIED
Integrated Protection – Breaker Failure
26 /GE /
69kV Bus
ProtRelayIED
OC
IED
ProtRelayIED
Substation LAN
GOOSE Messages
115kVSource
ProtRelayIED
Integrated Protection – Breaker Failure
27 /GE /
69kV Bus
ProtRelayIED
OC
IED
ProtRelayIED
Substation LAN
GOOSE Messages
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Automation Functions
• Nature of the problem– Distribution substations often tapped
off supply line without high side breaker or high side protection
– Considerable load may be out of
Automatic Load Restoration:Supply Line Sectionalizing
29 /GE /
yservice until field crews arrive on scene
• Objectives– Identify faulted section of supply line– Isolate faulted section– Restore supply to substations fed off
unfaulted section of supply line
Supply Line Sectionalizing
30 /GE /
SASystem
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Supply Line Sectionalizing
PermanentFault Occurs
31 /GE /
SASystem
Supply Line Sectionalizing
LineProtectionOperates
32 /GE /
SASystem
Supply Line Sectionalizing
33 /GE /
Line ProtectionReports Fault
Location
SASystem
12
Supply Line Sectionalizing
34 /GE /
SA System OpensAppropriate MOD
SASystem
Supply Line Sectionalizing
35 /GE /
SA System Sends Reclose Signal
SASystem
• Nature of Problem– When a transformer failure occurs,
“simple” bus failover scheme transfers load to healthy transformer“Si l ” f il h
Automatic Load Restoration:“Intelligent” Bus Failover
36 /GE /
– “Simple” failover scheme may overload healthy transformer, especially during peak load
– Some schemes have been disabled because of this
– Substation firm capacity limited by amount of load that can be carried if a transformer fault occurs
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• Objectives– Transfer as much load as possible
to 2nd substation transformerIf necessary transfer portion of load
Automatic Load Restoration:“Intelligent” Bus Failover
37 /GE /
– If necessary, transfer portion of load to alternate substation
– Shed portion of load if necessary
“Intelligent” Bus Failover:How It Works
38 /GE /
TransformerFault
Occurs
“Intelligent” Bus Failover:How It Works
39 /GE /
Occurs
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TransformerFault
Occurs
“Intelligent” Bus Failover:How It Works
40 /GE /
Occurs
TrfProtectionOperates
“Intelligent” Bus Failover:How It Works
41 /GE /
Operates
“Intelligent” Bus Failover:How It Works
42 /GE /
Bus TransferScheme
Operates
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“Intelligent” Bus Failover:How It Works
43 /GE /
Shed LoadIf Necessary
To Adjacent
Substation
“Intelligent” Bus Failover:How It Works
44 /GE /
Restore LoadUsing FeederAutomation
To Adjacent
Substation
Enterprise pApplication Functions
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SCADA Data Path (Operational Data)
Workstation Workstation Workstation
Modem Data
46 /GE /
Server Server
IED IED IED
Radio tower
DataConcentrator
Local HMI
IED
SCADA Data Path (Operational Data)
Workstation Workstation Workstation
Modem DataFirewall
Engineering PC
Data
47 /GE /
Server Server
IED IED IED
Radio tower
DataConcentrator
Local HMI
IED
Server
DataWarehouse
SCADA Data Path (Operational Data)
Workstation Workstation Workstation
Modem DataFirewall
Engineering PC
Data
Operational Data
48 /GE /
Server Server
IED IED IED
Radio tower
DataConcentrator
Local HMI
IED
Server
DataWarehouse
17
SCADA Data Path (Operational Data)
Workstation Workstation Workstation
Modem DataFirewall
Engineering PC
Data
Operational Data
49 /GE /
Server Server
IED IED IED
Radio tower
DataConcentrator
Local HMI
IED
Server
DataWarehouse
SCADA Data Path (Non-Operational Data)
Workstation Workstation Workstation
Modem DataFirewall
Engineering PC
DataFirewallRouter
Operational Data
50 /GE /
Server Server
IED IED IED
Radio tower
DataConcentrator
Local HMI
IED
TCP/IP Corp WAN
Router
Server
DataWarehouse
SCADA Data Path (Non-Operational Data)
Workstation Workstation Workstation
Modem DataFirewall
Engineering PC
DataFirewallRouter
Operational Data
51 /GE /
Server Server
IED IED IED
Radio tower
DataConcentrator
Local HMI
IED
TCP/IP Corp WAN
Router
Server
DataWarehouseNon-
OperationalData
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Disturbance Analysis
Exploit Inherent Capabilities of IEDs
– Sequence of Event reporting– Digital Fault Recorder (DFR)– Fault Location
52 /GE /
Disturbance Data from relay IED
Computer
Engineer’s Desktop
Intelligent Alarm Processing
– Prioritize alarm information– Eliminate duplicate & nuisance alarms– Route alarm info to appropriate party– “Expert” alarm processing
• provides more informative and useful l
53 /GE /
alarm messages
Phase A Phase Overcurrent Alarm Phase B Overcurrent AlarmGround Overcurrent alarmCB change of stateLoss of voltageEtc…..
Feeder Fault A-B-GAlarmFilter
Power Quality Monitoring– SA System and IEDs able to detect
power quality events and report the following information:• Harmonic content of the voltage
waveform• Total harmonic distortion• Oscillographic data (waveforms)
54 /GE /
• Oscillographic data (waveforms)
Power Quality Info from IEDsComputer
Engineer’s Desktop
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Real-Time Equipment Rating
– Base equipment ratings on actual conditions rather than conservative assumptions
– Squeeze more capacity out of existing equipment
– Example: Transformer “Hot Spot”
55 /GE /
Example: Transformer Hot Spot Monitoring
• Monitor the true winding hot spot temperature
• Derive loadability from the results• 5 - 10% additional loading can be
achieved
• Continuous On-line Diagnosis of SS Equipment (HV breakers, Transformers)
• Main objectives
Equipment Condition Monitoring
56 /GE /
• Main objectives– Support reliability centered
maintenance– Find/fix problems earlier– Avoid forced
(unscheduled) outages– Reduce maintenance costs
Equipment Monitoring Devices
• Dissolved Gas in Oil Monitors/Samples • Moisture Detectors • Load Tap Changer Monitors • Partial Discharge/Acoustic Monitors
57 /GE /
• Bushing Monitors • Circuit Breaker Monitors (GIS and OCB) • Battery Monitors • Expert System Analyzers • Protective Relay IEDs (I2t, Breaker timing)
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• Role of SA– Monitor specialized
sensors– Perform “expert system”
analysis
Equipment Condition Monitoring
58 /GE /
analysis– Inform engineers or
dispatchers of possible problems
– Supply “non-operational” data
Equipment Condition Monitoring
Triggers, Alerts
SubstationMaintenance
Office
• Traditional approach:
59 /GE /
TelephoneMaintenanceManagement
System
ConditionMonitoring
Sensor
Modem
Equipment Condition Monitoring• SA approach – Use “Non-Operational Data
Path:
Workstation Workstation Workstation
Modem DataFirewall
Engineering PC
DataFirewallRouter
Operational Data
60 /GE /
Server Server
IED IED IED
Radio tower
DataConcentrator
Local HMI
IED
TCP/IP Corp WAN
Router
Server
DataWarehouseNon-
OperationalData