05 slide ai - computer science & informatika

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1 Informatika Computer Science & Informatika Achmad Imam Kistijantoro, Ph. D. KK Informatika Sekolah Teknik Elektro dan Informatika ITB 2013

Transcript of 05 slide ai - computer science & informatika

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1Informatika

Computer Science & Informatika

Achmad Imam Kistijantoro, Ph. D.

KK Informatika

Sekolah Teknik Elektro dan Informatika ITB

2013

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Topik

• Otomasi Informasi

• Computer Science & Informatika: Tinjauan Sejarah

• Apakah Sains Komputer adalah Sains?

• Prinsip Dasar pada Sains Komputer

• Body of Knowledge CS & Informatika

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Olah

Otomasi Informasi (sebagai target dari CS dan IF)

infor

masi

Reka

man

Mesin 2 k

Mesin 16 k

........

Mesin x Giga

Susunan Rekaman

Susunan Olahan

Susunan Informasi

Bahasa Mesin

Mnemonic

Assembler

Data Base

Knowledge Base

Intelligent Proses

Distributed Proses

Real Time Proses

Visual Proses

Aplikasi Umum

Aplikasi Bisnis

Aplikasi Pemerintahan

Aplikasi Industri

Aplikasi Teknik

Aplikasi Saintifik

Kemampuan mesin membesar, ukuran

mengecil, mudah dioperasikan

Makin cepat, makin flexibel, makin efisien

Pekerjaan makin mudah ,konsisten, nyaman

Arsitektur Data

Arsitektur Informasi

Arsitektur Bisnis

Arsitektur Jaringan

Arsitektur Pengetahuan

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Pertumbuhan Otomasi

CMP

OS

IE

IAAI

IITI

SW

HW 2000

MANUSIA

KIT

1960

Tabung Transistor VLSI ULSI ………….. Optik …….. Gas ?

K IT : Knowledge Information Technology

CBP : Communitiy Base Proses

TI : Tutoring Intelligent

I I : Instrument Intelligent

AI : Artificial Intelligent

IA : Integrated Application

IE : Integrated Environment

CMP: Compiler

OS: Operating System

LOGAM

CBP

sederh

ana

rum

it

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Tinjauan Sejarah

• Kapan awal penggunaan istilah Informatika?

• Kapan awal penggunaan istilah Computer

Science?

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History of Computing

• History of Computing <> History of Computer

• Istilah Computer digunakan sejak abad 17.

• orang yang melakukan kalkulasi

• Istilah Computer sejak 1946

• ENIAC: Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer

• arsitektur von Neumann menandai awal komputer modern

• kalkulasi dengan mesin telah dilakukan sebelumnya

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History of Computer

• Difference Engine (1853) – Babbage

• Turing Machine (mesin konseptual) – 1936

• punch card, mulai digunakan 1725, dan umum digunakan di bidang bisnis awal abad 20

• von Neumann architecture

• mesin sebelum von Neumann: tujuan spesifik (record management, number calculation)

• ENIAC: menghitung waktu senjata

• UNIVAC: general purpose untuk bisnis

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History of Computer

• ENIAC (1946): awal kelahiran komputer modern

• namun programmer pertama: Ada Lovelace (1842),

yang menulis kode program untuk mesin

Analytical Engine (yg tidak selesai)

• Algoritma, muncul lebih awal lagi

• Euclid (300 SM)

• Al Khwarizmi (780-850)

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History of Software

• program pertama yang menjalankan mesin: oleh Grace Hopper, untuk kalkulasi kofisien tangen pada mesin Mark I (1944)

• istilah compile, awalnya digunakan untuk proses menyusun cards dan menulis kode transisi untuk menggabungkan modul yang ada pada cards (1950-1953)

• konsep compile sebagai translasi, diawali tahun 1954, FORTRAN (1957), COBOL (1959)

• software sistem, mulai 1959 (MAD)

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Awal Computer Science

• akhir 1950-an, muncul disiplin Computer

Programming, di bawah Matematika atau

Elektronik, pada Stanford & Purdue

• 1961: berdiri Division of Computer Science di

bawah Mathematics Department di Stanford

• 1965: Stanford membuka Department of Computer

Science pertama di US

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Awal Computer Science

• pada tahun 1967, Herbert Simon, Alan Perlis, dan Allen Newell menulis letter ke editor Science, mendefinisikan bahwa Computer Science as "the study of computers"

• membela definisi tersebut terhadap berbagai objections

• computers are artificial

• the term "computer" is not well defined

• computer science is a study of algorithms

• computers are instruments

• computer science is a branch of electronics (or mathematics, psychology, and so forth)

• computers belong to engineering, not science

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Newell, Perlis & Simon

• computers are artificial• banyak sains yang mengkaji artifisial, termasuk kimia organik, fisika, dan zoologi

• computer is not well defined• definisi di bidang sains pun berkembang sesuai zaman

• computer science is the study of algorithm (or program)• menurut NPS, computer science adalah studi tentang semua fenomena terkait komputer,

tidak hanya algoritma

• computers are instrument• perilaku instrumen juga merupakan sains

• computer science is a branch of ...• studi tentang komputer memerlukan ilmu dari berbagai bidang. Sama halnya dengan

biokimia: bukan cabang biologi atau kimia

• computers belong to engineering• they belong to both

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Computer Science, Software Engineering & Informatics

• Computer Science: diawali oleh jurusan Computer

Programming, dan Computer Science (1965), dan

mulai diakui sebagai bidang science sejak 1967

• Software Engineering: mulai digunakan sebagai

istilah sebagai judul konferensi yang disponsori

NATO pada tahun 1968 dan 1969

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Informatika

• Di Jerman, kata Informatik mulai digunakan tahun

1968

• di Perancis, kata Informatique juga digunakan

tahun 1968, dan hal sama juga pada negara eropa

lain (Belanda - Informatika, Italia – informatica,

Spanyol – informatica, Polandia – informatyka

• Eropa menghindari istilah Computer Science, yang

terlalu memiliki konotasi teoritis

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Computer Science & Informatika

• Computer Science: "study of the computers" (Newell, Perlis & Simon, 1967)

• l'informatique: Science du traitement rationnel, notamment par machines automatiques, de l’information considérée comme le support des connaissances humaines et des communications, dans les domaines techniques, économiques et socials (Académie Française, 1966)

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Computer Science & Informatika

• Computer Science: fokus pada komputer

• Informatika: fokus pada otomasi. memindahkan

aktivitas manusia ke mesin

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Apakah Sains Komputer adalah Sains?

• Sains:

• pengetahuan atau sistem pengetahuan yang mencakup kebenaran umum atau hukum umum yang didapat melalui metode saintifik.

• pengetahuan atau sistem pengetahuan mengenai alam dan dunia fisink dan fenomenanya

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Pendapat Computer Scientist

"Computer science is not a science, and its ultimate significance has little to do with computers" (Abelson & Sussman, 1996)

E.W. Dijkstra menyebut computer science sebagai mathematical science

Walter Tichy (1998) berargumen bahwa computer science is science

David Parnas (1997) menganggap bagian software dari computer science adalah engineering

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Is Computer Science a Science?

• Computer Science bukan science tentang

komputer, melainkan science tentang proses

informasi (Denning, 2005)

• what is computation?

• what is information?

• what can we know through computing?

• what can we not know through computing?

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Is Computer Science a Science

• pendapat umum saat ini: tidak

mempermasalahkan apakah Computing is a

science, engineering atau matematika.

• Sebuah bidang sains memiliki fundamental

principles yang mendasari bidang sains tersebut

• Denning (2003) mengusulkan framework berbasis 7 kategori untuk bidang computer science

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Fundamental Principles of Computer Science

http://denninginstitute.com/pjd/GP/gp_narratives.html

• Computation • meaning and limit of computation

• Communication• reliable data transmission

• Coordination• cooperation among networked entities

• Recollection• storage and retrieval of information

• Automation• meaning and limit of automation

• Evaluation• performance prediction and capacity planning

• Design• building reliable software systems

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Computing as a Discipline

• Science

• Engineering

• Math

• Art

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Computer Science == Programming?

• Tidak

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CS Curriculum Guide 2013

• Algorithms & Complexity

• Architecture & Organization

• Computational Science

• Discrete Structures

• Graphics & Visual Computing

• Human Computer Interaction

• Information Assurance & Security

• Information Management

• Intelligent Systems

• Network & Communications

• Operating Systems

• Platform-based Development

• Parallel & Distributed Computing

• Programming Languages

• Software Development Fundamentals

• Software Engineering

• System Fundamentals

• Social Issues and Professional Practice

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Pengelompokan BoK CS 2013

• Algoritma& Pemrograman:• Algorithm & Complexity• Programming Paradigm• Platform based Development

• Dasar Matematika (Discrete Structure, Calculus, Probability &

Statistics)

• Sistem komputer (Architecture & Org, OS, Network, Parallel)

• Information Management (including Database and Information

System)

• Software Engineering (including Project Management and Human

Computer Interaction)

• Graphics & Visualization

• Intelligent system

• Social & Professional Issue

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BoK Computing berdasarkan panduan benchmarking QAA for HE UK (2000)

• Architecture

• Artificial Intelligence

• Comparative Programming Languages

• Compilers and Syntax Directed Tools

• Computer Based Systems

• Computer Communications

• Computer Networks

• Computer Hardware Engineering

• Computer Vision and Image Processing

• Concurrency and Parallelism

• Databases

• Data Structures and Algorithms

• Distributed Computer Systems

• Document Processing

• Graphics and Sound

• Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)

• Information Retrieval

• Information System

• Intelligent Information Systems Technologies

• Middleware

• Multimedia

• Natural Language Computing

• Operating Systems

• Professionalism

• Programming Fundamentals

• Security and Privacy

• Simulation and Modelling

• Software Engineering

• Systems Analysis and Design

• Theoretical Computing

• Web-based Computing

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Sumber

• Ceruzzi, P. E. A History of Modern Computing, 2nd edition. MIT Press, 2003

• Bauer, F. L. Origins and Foundations of Computing: In Cooperation with Heinz Nixdorf Museums.

Springer, 2009

• Denning, Peter J. "Is computer science science?." Communications of the ACM 48.4 (2005): 27-31.

• Denning, Peter J. "Great principles of computing." Communications of the ACM46.11 (2003): 15-20.

• Newell, Allen, Alan J. Perlis, and Herbert Simon. "What is computer science."Science 157.3711 (1967):

1373-1374.

• Randell, Brian. The 1968/69 NATO Software Engineering Reports. Dagstuhl-Seminar 9635: "History of

Software Engineering" Schloss Dagstuhl, August 26 - 30, 1996. http://homepages.cs.ncl.ac.uk/brian.randell/NATO/NATOReports/index.html

• Abelson, Harold, and Gerald Jay Sussman. "Structure and interpretation of computer programs." (1983).

• Tichy, Walter F. "Should computer scientists experiment more?." Computer31.5 (1998): 32-40.

• Parnas, David Lorge. "Software engineering: An unconsummated marriage."Software Engineering—

ESEC/FSE'97. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. 1-3.

• Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education UK. Computing. Benchmark Statements. 2000