05 Excavators 3
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Transcript of 05 Excavators 3
15
Back Hoe Production Estimating
Production, LCY/h = C C x SS x VV x BB x EE
CC = Cycles/h (Table 3-3)
SS = Swing-Depth Factor (Table 3-4)
VV = Heaped Volume , LCY
BB = Bucket Fill Factor (Table 3-2)
EE = Job Efficiency
16
Back Hoe Production Estimating
Cycle = Load Bucket + Swing with Load + Dump load + Return Swing
Swing-depth factor – accounts for angle of swing and depth of cut
17
Standard Cycles per Hour for Hydraulic Backhoes
Small Medium Large1.0 YD 1¼ to 2¼ YD 2½ YD
sand, gravel,
loam
common earth,
soft clay
tough clay,
rock
120
Hard 110 160 130 100
Average 135 200 160
Type of MaterialWheel Tractor
Excavator Machine Size
Soft 170 250 200 150
19
Swing-Depth Factor
Depth of Cut
(% of Max)
45º 60º 75º 90º 120º 180º
30 1.33 1.26 1.21 1.15 1.08 0.9550 1.28 1.21 1.16 1.10 1.03 0.9170 1.16 1.10 1.05 1.00 0.94 0.8390 1.04 1.00 0.95 0.90 0.85 0.75
Angle of Swing, deg
21
Bucket Fill Factors for Excavators
Material Bucket Fill Factor Common Earth, Loam 0.80-1.10 Sand & Gravel 0.90-1.00 Hard Clay 0.65-0.95 Wet Clay 0.50-0.90 Rock, Well-Blasted 0.70-0.90 Rock, Poorly-Blasted 0.40-0.70
22
Back Hoe Production Estimating
Efficiency Dependent on:– Management ConditionsManagement Conditions
Skill, Training & Motivation of Workers Selection, Operation & Maintenance of Equipment Planning, Job Layout, Supervision & Coordination of Work
– Job ConditionsJob Conditions Topography & Work Dimensions Surface & Weather Conditions Specification Requirements for Work Methods or Work Sequence
Required
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Back Hoe Production Estimating
Management Conditions Job-Site Conditions Excellent Good Fair
Excellent 0.84 0.81 0.76 Good 0.78 0.75 0.71
Fair 0.72 0.69 0.65 Poor 0.63 0.61 0.57
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Back Hoe Production Estimating
Can also estimate efficiency through number of effective working minutes per hour.
Eg., 50-min/h – actual work is done 50 minutes per hour…the other ten minutes spent on breaks, smoke break, bath room, thinking…
25
Hoe Production Example
ProblemProblem
Find the expected production in loose cubic yards per hour of a small hydraulic excavator.
Heaped bucket capacity is 3/4 CY.
The material is sand and gravel with a bucket fill factor of 0.95.
Job efficiency is 50 min/h.
Average depth of cut is 14 ft.
Maximum depth of cut is 20 ft.
Average swing is 90.
26
Standard Cycles per Hour for Hydraulic Backhoes (Tab 3-3)
Small Medium Large1.0 YD 1¼ to 2¼ YD 2½ YD
sand, gravel,
loam
common earth,
soft clay
tough clay,
rock
120
Hard 110 160 130 100
Average 135 200 160
Type of MaterialWheel Tractor
Excavator Machine Size
Soft 170 250 200 150
27
Example 3-4
SolutionSolutionCyclic Output = 250 cycles/60min (Table 3-3)
Swing-Depth Factor = 1.00 (Table 3-4)
Bucket Fill Factor = 0.95
Job Efficiency = 50 /60 = 0.833
Production
= 250 cycles x 1.00 (swing-depth) x 0.75 CY x 0.95 (bucket fill factor) x 0.833 (job eff.)= 148 LCY/h148 LCY/h
28
Swing-Depth Factor (Tab 3-4)
Depth of Cut
(% of Max)
45º 60º 75º 90º 120º 180º
30 1.33 1.26 1.21 1.15 1.08 0.9550 1.28 1.21 1.16 1.10 1.03 0.9170 1.16 1.10 1.05 1.00 0.94 0.8390 1.04 1.00 0.95 0.90 0.85 0.75
Angle of Swing, deg
29
Example 3-4
SolutionSolutionCyclic Output = 250 cycles/60min (Table 3-3)
Swing-Depth Factor = 1.00 (Table 3-4)
Bucket Fill Factor = 0.95
Job Efficiency = 50 /60 = 0.833
Production
= 250 cycles x 1.00 (swing-depth) x 0.75 CY x 0.95 (bucket fill factor) x 0.833 (job eff.)= 148 LCY/h148 LCY/h
31
Job Management
Major Factor Controlling Hydraulic Excavator– Maximum depth– Working radius– Dumping Height– Density of Material
37
Shovel ~ Production Estimating
ProductionProduction, LCY/h = CC x SS x VV x B B x EE
CC = Cycles/hour (Table 3-6)
SS = Swing Factor (Table 3-6)
VV = Heaped Bucket Volume, LCY
BB = Bucket Fill Factor (Table 3-2)
EE = Job Efficiency
40
Shovel Production Example
ProblemProblemFind the expected production in LCY per hour of 3 CY
hydraulic shovel equipped with a front-dump bucket.
The material is common earth with a bucket fill factor of 1.0.
The average angle of swing is 75 degrees.
The job efficiency is 0.80.
44
Shovel Production Example
SolutionSolution Standard Cycles = 150/60 min (Table 3-6)
Swing factor = 1.05 (Table 3-6)
Bucket Volume = 3.0 LCY
Bucket Fill Factor = 1.0
Job Efficiency = 0.80
QProduction = 150 cycles x 1.05 (swing factor) x 3.0 cy x 1.0 (bucket fill factor) x 0.80 (eff) = 378 LCY/h378 LCY/h
52
Ideal Dragline Output, in BCY/hr (Tab 3-7)
¾ 1 1¼ 1½ 1¾ 2 2½ 3 3½ 4 5Light moist clay or loam 130 160 195 220 245 265 305 350 390 465 540Sand and gravel 125 155 185 20 235 255 295 340 380 455 530Common earth 105 135 165 190 210 230 265 305 340 375 445Tough clay 90 110 135 160 180 195 230 270 305 340 410Wet, sticky clay 55 75 95 110 130 145 175 210 240 270 330
Type of MaterialBucket Size, CY
53
Swing-Depth Factor (Tab 3-9)
Depth of Cut% of
Optimum30º 45º 60º 75º 90º 120º 150º 180º
20 1.06 0.99 0.94 0.90 0.87 0.81 0.75 0.7040 1.17 1.08 1.02 0.97 0.93 0.85 0.78 0.7260 1.25 1.13 1.06 1.01 0.97 0.88 0.78 0.7280 1.29 1.17 1.09 1.04 0.99 0.90 0.82 0.76100 1.32 1.19 1.11 1.05 1.00 0.91 0.83 0.77120 1.29 1.17 1.09 1.03 0.98 0.90 0.82 0.77140 1.25 1.14 1.06 1.00 0.96 0.88 0.81 0.75180 1.15 1.05 0.98 0.94 0.90 0.82 0.76 0.71200 1.10 1.09 0.94 0.90 0.87 0.79 0.73 0.69
Angle of Swing, deg
54
Dragline Example
Determine the expected dragline production in LCY per hour based on the following information:– Dragline Size: 2 cyd– Swing Angle: 120 degrees– Average Depth of Cut: 7.9 ft– Material: Common Earth– Job Efficiency: 50min/h– Soil Swell = 25%
55
Ideal Dragline Output, in BCY/hr
¾ 1 1¼ 1½ 1¾ 2 2½ 3 3½ 4 5Light moist clay or loam 130 160 195 220 245 265 305 350 390 465 540Sand and gravel 125 155 185 20 235 255 295 340 380 455 530Common earth 105 135 165 190 210 230 265 305 340 375 445Tough clay 90 110 135 160 180 195 230 270 305 340 410Wet, sticky clay 55 75 95 110 130 145 175 210 240 270 330
Type of MaterialBucket Size, CY
56
Dragline Example
Solution: – Ideal Output: 230 BCY/h– Optimum Depth of Cut: 9.9 ft– Actual Depth/Optimum Depth: 7.9/9.9 x 100 = 80%– Swing Depth Factor: 0.90– Efficiency factor: 50/60 = 0.833– Volume Change Factor = 1+0.25 = 1.25– Estimated Production = 230 x 0.90 x 0.833 x 1.25 =
216 LCY/h
57
Dragline Example
Solution: – Ideal Output: 230 BCY/h– Optimum Depth of Cut: 9.9 ft (Tab 3-8)– Actual Depth/Optimum Depth: 7.9/9.9 x 100 = 80%– Swing Depth Factor: 0.90– Efficiency factor: 50/60 = 0.833– Volume Change Factor = 1+0.25 = 1.25– Estimated Production = 230 x 0.90 x 0.833 x 1.25 =
216 LCY/h
58
Swing-Depth Factor
Depth of Cut% of
Optimum30º 45º 60º 75º 90º 120º 150º 180º
20 1.06 0.99 0.94 0.90 0.87 0.81 0.75 0.7040 1.17 1.08 1.02 0.97 0.93 0.85 0.78 0.7260 1.25 1.13 1.06 1.01 0.97 0.88 0.78 0.7280 1.29 1.17 1.09 1.04 0.99 0.90 0.82 0.76100 1.32 1.19 1.11 1.05 1.00 0.91 0.83 0.77120 1.29 1.17 1.09 1.03 0.98 0.90 0.82 0.77140 1.25 1.14 1.06 1.00 0.96 0.88 0.81 0.75180 1.15 1.05 0.98 0.94 0.90 0.82 0.76 0.71200 1.10 1.09 0.94 0.90 0.87 0.79 0.73 0.69
Angle of Swing, deg
59
Dragline Example
Solution: – Ideal Output: 230 BCY/h– Optimum Depth of Cut: 9.9 ft– Actual Depth/Optimum Depth: 7.9/9.9 x 100 = 80%– Swing Depth Factor: 0.90– Efficiency factor: 50/60 = 0.833– Volume Change Factor = 1+0.25 = 1.25– Estimated Production = 230 x 0.90 x 0.833 x 1.25 =
216 LCY/h
65
Clamshell Production
Production = C x V x B x E
C – Cycles per hour
V – Bucket Capacity
B – Bucket Fill Factor
E – Job Efficiency Factor
66
Clamshell Production Example
ProblemProblem
Estimate production in LCY per hour for a medium-weight clamshell excavating loose earth.
Heaped bucket capacity is 1.0 CY.
The soil is common earth with a bucket fill factor of 0.95.
Estimated cycle time is 40s.
Job efficiency is estimated at 50 min/h.
67
Clamshell Production Example
SolutionSolution
Production = C x V x B x E
Production = (3,600(sec/h)/40 sec) x 1.0 CY x 0.95 (bucket fill factor) x 50/60 (job eff.)
= 71 LCY/h
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Trenchless Technologies
Deterioration of: Water Lines Sewer Lines Gas Lines
Urban Areas Inaccessible Areas:
Beneath Buildings Under Roadways
76
Pipe BurstingA process that…
Breaks an Existing Pipe
Expands Broken Shards into Surrounding Soil
Pulls in the New Carrier Line Simultaneously
80
Upsizing Considerations
0-25% 25-50% 50-125%
Class A Routine and
generally considered favorable
Class B Challenging to
moderately difficult
Class C Very challenging
to extremely difficult