05 01 Ra41205en60gla0 Rrm Overview
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Nokia LTE RRM Framework consists of RRM building blocks, RRM functions
and RRM algorithms.L3 RRM:
ICIC: Selects certain parts of the Frequency Spectrum of the LTE Carrier.
Exclusively for PDSCH and PUSCH on Cell Basis. Remaining channels not
affected.
DRX/DTX algorithm: To support provisioning of measurement gaps for Inter-
RAT-HO and DRX/DTX mode in later product releases. Not supported in RL09.
Differences with RRM WCDMA:
Softer and Soft handovers are not supported by the LTE systemLTE requirements on power control are much less stringent due to the different
nature of LTE radio interface i.e. OFDMA (WCDMA requires fast power control to
address the Near-Far problem and intra-frequency interferences)
On the other hand LTE system requires much more stringent timing
synchronization for OFDMA signals.
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PMI
- Single stream: 4 matrices (2x1)
- Dual stream: 2 matrices (2x2)
# streams OL CL
1 TxDiv SM single stream
2 SM SM dual stream
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The cyclic delay operation for the second antenna causes a linear phase shift along
the frequency dimension. Thus, summing the cyclically delayed signal in the receiverand the un-delayed signal from the first antenna causes a frequency selective fading
pattern
UE provides feedback in terms of:
CQI
Rank Indication (RI)number of layers to use
Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI)set of weights to apply during precoding
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Note: CQI adaptation needs to be supported/enabled ;Tx diversity needs to be
supported/enabled. MIMOThis feature was introduced in RL10. In LTE70,UE radio capabilities, andUECQI, andUE rank information, are considered.
Performance counter for transmission mode usage is supported per cell
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DL adaptive closed loop MIMO (4x2) supports Transmit Diversity for 4 antenna
ports in Transmission Mode 4 (TM4) and in Transmission Mode 2 (TM2).3GPP has specified open loop Transmit Diversity using one codeword: Precoding
Feedback and Rank Information is not required!
Transmit Diversity using 4 antenna ports is used whenever there is no valid,
complete and consistent Channel State Information available as detected by eNodeB.
During Initialization when RRC setup is performed
No update of valid CSI reports for single layer (RI=1) and dual layer
(RI=2) transmissions since a characteristic update time.
UE does not send valid reports (e.g. Category 1 UEs).Transmit Diversity for 4 antenna ports is implemented as a combination of SFBC
(Space Frequency Block Coding) with FSTD (Frequency Switched Time Diversity).
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This feature allows to hand over a UE in RRC_Connected mode between two LTE
cells operating on different carriers (frequencies/bands).The trigger for this procedure is:better neighbor cell (frequency) coverage; better neighbor cell (frequency) quality;limited serving cell (frequency) andsufficient neighbor cell (frequency) coverage
Intra LTE inter-frequency handover is classified as :
Hard handover: Connection to one cell only at the same time gap assisted
measurements are usually required
Network controlled and UE assisted handover: network takes decision based onmeasurements delivered by UE
Backward handover: The resources at target cell (frequency) are reserved in
advance
Handover performed via X2 or S1 interface: Data forwarding between serving and
target eNB may be applied
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source cell thresholds (RSRP), target cell thresholds (RSCP, EcN0), hysteresis,
time to trigger and speed dependent scaling are operator configurable.Handover preparation
The Flexi Multiradio BTS initiates a handover after receiving a measurement
report form the UE by sending a S1AP:HANDOVER REQUIRED message to the
MME.
The Flexi Multimode BTS takes the first target cell indicated by the UE
measurements for the handover.
The MME responds to this with a S1AP:HANDOVER COMMAND message
indicating that the resources at the target have been reserved.Handover execution
The Flexi Multiradio BTS sends after this a RRC:Mobility from EUTRA
command message to the UE, which forces to the to a WCDMA cell.
The Flexi Multimode BTS performs handover retries to other target cells
provided by the UE measurements in case of unsuccessful handovers.
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A1: activate interRAT measurements
A2: deactivate inter RAT measurements
B2:Inter RAT measurements
Data forwarding is not supported for NACC
Measurements are triggered early enough to take to take the necessary
actions on the UE side (in contrast to triggering the RL10 redirection
procedure performed in critical conditions related to LTE coverage end
without prior measurements of 2G/3G)
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LTE55 is prerequisite for the TDD-FDD Handover.
Both features are activated with the same flag (actIfHo).
The mechanisms (evaluation of measurements reports, handover preparation,
execution, completion and data forwarding) introduced by LTE 55 are re-used in TDD-
FDD Handover.
Additionally to the original Inter-frequency Handover feature LTE1060 TDD-FDD
Handover cooperates with Inter eNB IF Load Balancing (LTE1170) if it is activated.
Both S1 (LTE54) and X2 (LTE53) handovers are supported.
In case Inter eNB Inter-frequency Load Balancing is activated, A4 is used to report
suitable inter-frequency neighbors for load balancing
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The triggers for Intra cell handover
-Following events trigger intra cell handover procedure
Intra-Cell Handover for re-keying as result of inter RAT HO from
UTRAN
Intra-Cell Handover for switch on/off TTI bundling mode
Intra-Cell Handover for key refresh due to run out of DRB ID
Intra-Cell Handover for key refresh due to PDCP sequence number
overflow
Intra-Cell Handover for key refresh due to RLC Retransmission Error
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In RL40 there was basic functionality introduced via the CRL0632
It was possible to configure Dedicated cell reselection priorities only for intra-LTE
targets frequency layer
This functionality is available at once when RL40 is on boardi.e. it did not require
setting any activation flag
In RL50 when the LTE487 Idle Mode Mobility Load Balancing feature is activated
(LNBTS:actIdleLB = true):
It was possible to configure Dedicated cell reselection priorities also for inter-RAT
targets
It was possible to configure Dedicated cell reselection priorities via the Mobility
Profiles (when also LTE490 was enabledLNBTS:actSelMobPrf = true)
In RL60 some modifications for existing mechanism were done:
Dedicated cell reselection priorities are not configurable, they are calculated with
usage of Weighted Round Robin algorithm and taking into account also priorities
configured for SIB broadcast
Instead of dedicated priorities parameters Idle Mode Mobility Load Balancing
weightsare possible to be configured
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Redirection is a mechanism to force a UE to:
switch from RRC-CONNECTED to RRC-IDLE mode and
reselect to inter-frequency/inter-RATneighbor cell for PS session
continuation and/or CS call setup (CS Fallback*)
Redirection is triggered by the radio conditions
RSRPor RSRQ (from RL35/RL50 )
in case of CS Fallback*, redirection is triggered by mobile originating or
terminating CS call
Target RAT/frequency layer is indicated to a UE by an eNB within
RRC:rrcConnectionReleasemessage
At first glance, redirection could be regarded as the last-ditch from loosing of
signaling connection between an eNB and a UE in case of either poor coverage or
extensive interference
* RRC connection release with redirection mechanism is one of the means of
realization of the CS Fallback functionality
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eHRPD (evolved High Rate Packet Data) and normal HRPD (EV-DO) overlapin mostfunctionalities
Both are 3G CDMA technology
The difference is that eHRPD data is routed through the LTE core instead of thePDSN
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