0415 RiserPoster 032315 Final

1

Transcript of 0415 RiserPoster 032315 Final

  • BuoyancyAir Tank

    Tensioner

    Hydro-PneumaticTensioner,Ram-Style

    Hydro-PneumaticTensioner,Pull-Style

    Top Tension Riser

    Chart 2 RISER SYSTEMS

    Dry Tree Riser SystemsWet Tree Riser Systems

    SteelLazyWaveRiser

    SimpleSteel

    CatenaryRiser

    SingleLeg

    HybridRiser

    BundledHybridRiser

    BondedFlexible

    Riser

    UnbondedFlexible

    Riser

    Non-MetallicUnbonded

    Risers

    MetallicUnbonded

    Risers

    HybridUnbonded

    Risers

    Hybrid RiserSteel Catenary Riser Flexible RiserIntegrated

    Production Riser

    Figure 2 - Flexible Riser Configurations

    A&R Abandonment & RecoveryAL Artificial LiftAPI American Petroleum InstituteAWS American Welding SocietyBCF Billion Cubic FeetBOP Blow-Out PreventerBOPD Barrels of Oil per Day BPD Barrels Per Day BTU British Thermal UnitC/WO Completion/WorkoverCAPEX Capital Expenditures CFR Code of Federal RegulationsDBD Design Basis DocumentDP Dynamic PositioningEDP Emergency Disconnect PackageEOL End of LifeEPIC Engineering, Procurement, Installation, and ConstructionESDV Emergency Shutdown ValveETLP Extended Tension Leg PlatformFAT Factory Acceptance TestFBE Fusion Bonded EpoxyFLNG Floating Liquefied Natural GasFOI Floating Offshore InstallationFPS Floating Production System FPSO Floating Production Storage

    & Offloading Vessel FPU Floating Production UnitFSHR Free Standing Hybrid RiserFTP Flowing Tubing PressureGLR Gas Liquid RatioGOM Gulf of Mexico

    GOR Gas Oil RatioGVF Gas Volume Fraction HAZID Hazard IdentificationHAZOP Hazard and OperabilityHmax Maximum Wave HeightHs Significant Wave HeightHIPPS High Integrity Pressure Protection

    SystemHO Hang OffHPHT High Pressure High TemperatureHSE Health, Safety and EnvironmentID Inside DiameterISO International Organization for

    StandardizationLAST Lowest Anticipated Service

    TemperatureLMRP Lower Marine Riser PackageLSD Limit State DesignLWRP Lower Workover Riser PackageMAP Maximum Allowable PressureMBCPD Thousand Barrels Condensate Per DayMBIWPD Thousand Barrels Injected Water

    Per DayMBOPD Thousand Barrels Oil Per DayMBR Minimum Bend RadiusMBWPD Thousand Barrels Water Per DayMG Marine GrowthMMBOE Million Barrels Oil EquivalentMMSCFD Million Standard Cubic Feet Per DayMODU Mobile Offshore Drilling UnitMSL Mean Sea LevelMWA Mid-Water Arch

    NACE National Association of Corrosion Engineers

    OD Outside DiameterOOR Out-Of-RoundnessOPEX Operational ExpendituresPARLOC Pipeline And Riser Loss of ContainmentPIP Pipe-In-PipePLEM Pipeline End ManifoldPLET Pipeline End Termination PLIM Pipeline Inline Manifold PMV Production Master ValvePPMV Parts Per Million by Unit VolumePWHT Post Weld Heat TreatmentPWV Production Wing ValveRAO Response Amplitude OperatorROV Remotely Operated Vehicle RP Return PeriodRWI Raw Water InjectionSCF Stress Concentration FactorSCR Steel Catenary RiserSCSSV Surface Controlled Subsurface

    Safety ValveSEMI Semi-Submersible Drilling /

    Production VesselSITP Shut-In Tubing PressureSLOR Single Line Offset RiserSLWR Steel Lazy Wave RiserSOL Start of LifeSPAR Deep-Draft Floating Caisson Type

    VesselSS Subsea SSIV Subsea Isolation ValveSSV Surface Safety Valve

    Tp Peak Wave PeriodTDP Touchdown PointTLP Tension Leg Platform TSA Thermal Sprayed Aluminum TTR Top-Tension Riser TVD True Vertical Depth VIM Vortex Induced Motion VIV Vortex Induced Vibration WCT Wireline or Coiled Tubing WD Water Depth WH Wellhead WI Water Injection WT Wall Thickness WSD Working Stress Design

    TABLE 2 INDUSTRY ACRONYMS & ABBREVIATIONS

    INDUSTRY RECOMMENDED PRACTICES & STANDARDS:

    1. API Standard 2RD (for steel riser design) 2. API RP 1111 - LSD (mainly for SCR design) 3. API Spec 5L (specification for line pipe) 4. DNV-OS-F201 (for steel riser design) 5. DNV-OS-F101 (materials and fabrication) 6. DNV-RP-F203 (riser interference) 7. API Spec 17J (for unbonded flexible pipe) 8. API RP 17B (for flexible pipe) 9. API Spec 17L1 (for flexible pipe ancillary

    equipment)10. API RP 17L2 (for flexible pipe ancillary

    equipment)

    Table 3 Riser System Options

    Riser TypesProduction Platform Types

    Compliant Tower TLP SPAR SEMI FPSO - Non Cyclonic Env.FPSO - Cyclonic

    Env.

    1.0 Wet Tree Riser Systems

    1.1

    Steel Catenary Riser

    1.1.1 Simple Steel Catenary Riser H H H H H NA1.1.2 Steel Lazy Wave Riser H H H H H H

    1.2

    Hybrid Riser

    1.2.1 Single Leg Hybrid Riser H H H H H H1.2.2 Bundled Hybrid Riser H H H H H H

    1.3

    Flexible Riser

    1.3.1 Bonded Flexible Pipe H H H H H H

    1.3.2

    Unbonded Flexible Riser

    1.3.2.1 Metallic Unbonded Risers H H H H H H1.3.2.2 Non-Metallic Unbonded Risers H H H H H H1.3.2.3 Hybrid Unbonded Risers H H H H H H

    1.3.3 Integrated Production Riser H H H H H H2.0 Dry Tree Riser Systems

    2.1

    Top Tension Riser

    2.1.1 Buoyancy Air Tank Tensioner H H H NA NA NA2.1.2 Hydro-Pneumatic Tensioner Ram Style H H H NA NA NA2.1.3 Hydro-Pneumatic Tensioner Pull Style H H H NA NA NA

    H Installed H In Development H Conceptual / Potentially Feasible

    Table 5 Representative Examples of Hybrid Risers

    Name Region Type Water Depth (m)Year

    Installed Status OperatorsFloating Platform

    Type

    # of Towers or

    Risers

    Installation Method

    West Africa

    Girassol Angola Bundle 1,350 2001 Operating Total Elf Spread Moored FPSO 3 Surface Tow

    Kizomba A Angola Single Line1,006-1,280

    2004 Operating Exxon Spread Moored FPSO 3 J-Lay

    Kizomba B Angola Single Line 2004 Operating Exxon Spread Moored FPSO J-Lay

    BP Greater Plutonio Angola Bundle 1,311 2007 Operating BP Spread Moored FPSO 1 Surface Tow

    Rosa Angola Bundle 1,350 2007 Operating Total Elf Spread Moored FPSO 1 Surface Tow

    CLOV Angola Bundle / Single Line 1,050-1,410 2011 Operating Total Spread Moored FPSO 3 Surface Tow

    Kizomba Satellites Angola Single Line 1,100 2011 Operating Total E&P Spread Moored FPSO 4 J-Lay

    PVSM Angola Single Line 2,100 2012 Operating BP Turret Moored FPSO 9 J-Lay

    USAN Nigeria Single Line 750 2013 Operating Exxon Spread Moored FPSO 7 J-Lay

    Name Region Type Water Depth (m)Year

    Installed Status OperatorsFloating

    Platform Type

    # of Towers or

    Risers

    Installation Method

    West Africa

    EGINA Nigeria Single Line 1,440 Detailed Design/Execute Total E&P Spread Moored FPSO 8 J-Lay

    Kaombo Angola Single Line 1,600 Detailed Design/Execute FPSO 18

    Brazil

    Roncador P-52 Campos Basin Single Line 1,800 2007 Operating Petrobras Semi-Sub FPU 1 J-Lay

    Sapinoa Norte & Cernambi Sul Brazil Single Line 2,130 2015 Installing Petrobras Turret Moored FPSO 2 J-Lay

    Lula Norte Estremo Sul Brazil Single Line 2,170 Detailed Design/Execute Petrobras FPSO 2 J-Lay

    Gulf of Mexico

    Cascade/Chinook GoM Single Line 2,600 2010 Operating Petrobras Turret Moored FPSO 1 J-Lay

    Figure 9 Top-Tension Riser Components Courtesy of Technip

    Courtesy of DeepFlex, NOV, Technip and WoodGroupKenny

    Table 4 Technology Status of Unbonded Flexible Risers

    Name Status Specification

    Max Allowable Water Depth (WD) Max Inside Diameter (ID) Max Allowable Pressure (Mpa)

    WD (m) Associated ID (in)Max

    Temperature (C)

    ID (in) Associated WD (m)Max

    Temperature (C) Pressure (Mpa) Associated ID (in)Max

    Temperature (C)

    Deepflex Installed 1,500 3.5 60 9 200 70 27 3.5 60

    Qualified 3,000 7 120 12 500 90 69 7 120

    Enabling 3,500 10 130 16 1,000 120 104 8 130

    NOV Installed 1,730 6 130 16.6 300 130 43 12 130

    Qualified 2,000 8 130 16 500 130 55 12 130

    Enabling 3,500 10 150 16 1,500 150 138 6 150

    Technip Installed 2,250 8 130 19 300 130 138 4 130

    Qualified 3,000 9 150 20 500 150 138 6 150

    Enabling 3,000 12 170 22 500 170 128 9 170

    STATUS OF THE TECHNOLOGY FROM SEABED TO SURFACE

    2015 DEEPWATER PRODUCTION RISER SYSTEMS & COMPONENTS

    Prepared By: Makintha Brany, Venkat Chakkarapani, Joshua Coombes, Gavin Harte, JC Lega, Johann Melillo, Oluwakayode Oke, Alan Whooley of WoodGroupKenny

    Downloads available at www.offshore-mag.com.

    SOFTWAREMONITORING &INSTRUMENTATION

    ENGINEERING FIRMS

    UNBONDEDFLEXIBLE RISERS

    BONDED FLEXIBLE RISERS FLEXIBLE JOINT CENTRALIZER

    BUOYANCY MODULE

    DIVERLESS BEND STIFFENER CONNECTOR

    BEND STIFFENER & BEND

    RESTRICTORS

    RISER PIPE,CONNECTOR

    & STRESS JOINT

    PRODUCTION RISER SYSTEM /COMPONENTS

    INSTALLATION EQUIPMENT /

    INSPECTION TOOLMID WATER ARCH

    & RISER CLAMPTHERMAL

    INSULATIONTELESCOPIC JOINT & TERMINATION JOINT

    TENSIONING SYSTEM CONTRACTORS

    VIV SUPRESSIONDEVICE

    ENGINEERINGCONSULTANCY

    2H Offshore

    AMOG

    Aquaterra Energy

    Atkins

    BPP Tech

    Aker Solutions

    Saipem

    Technip

    Ceona

    Doris

    Flextech

    FloaTEC

    Gate, Inc.

    Genesis

    IntecSea

    JD Marine

    KBR / Granherne

    London Marine Consultants

    MMI Engineering

    RiserTec

    Stress Engineering

    Technip

    Unique Maritime Group

    Wood Group Kenny

    Xodus Subsea

    Fluor

    AFGlobal

    Aker Solutions

    Dril-Quip

    GE Oil & Gas

    OilPatch Technologies

    Oil States

    OneSubsea

    Precision Castparts

    Scana Steel

    Tenaris

    Wyman-Gordon

    RTI International

    2H Offshore

    4Subsea

    Astro Technology

    BMT

    BPP Tech

    Fugro

    National Oilwell Varco (NOV)

    National Oilwell Varco (NOV)Oil States

    Pulse

    Schlumberger

    Wood Group Kenny

    Technip

    A & P Group

    Aker Solutions

    Allpoints (AFGlobal)

    Balmoral Offshore

    Icon Engineering

    London Marine Consultants

    Matrix Composites

    RiserTec

    AFGlobal AIMS International

    Allbrown Universal

    Balmoral Offshore

    Shell Global Solutions

    Trelleborg Offshore

    VIV Solutions

    Aspen Aerogels

    Balmoral Offshore

    Bredero Shaw

    Cabot

    ITP Interpipe

    ShawCor

    Technip

    Trelleborg Offshore

    AFGlobal

    Dril-Quip

    GE Oil & Gas

    MHWirth

    Oil States

    OneSubsea

    Wyman-Gordon

    Saipem

    Trelleborg Offshore

    Shenzhen Chiwan Sembawang Eng. Co.

    ANSYS

    Bentley

    Dassault Systemes

    JD Marine

    Marintek

    MIT

    Orcina

    Wood Group Kenny

    Zentech

    ENGINEERING WITHASSET SUPPORT

    McDermott International

    Subsea7 DNV GL

    AFGlobal

    WireCo World Group / Lankhorst Mouldings

    WireCo World Group / Lankhorst Mouldings

    DTI

    GE Oil & Gas

    MHD Offshore

    MHWirth

    National Oilwell Varco (NOV)

    OilPatch Technologies

    Aquatic

    CAN Group

    Global Marine Systems

    Innospection

    National Oilwell Varco (NOV)

    Oceaneering

    Vallourec &Mannesmann

    Balmoral Offshore

    Deep Down

    Matrix Composites

    Trelleborg Offshore

    WireCo World Group / Lankhorst Mouldings

    James Fisher and Sons / Fendercare Marine

    DeepFlex Magma Global

    GE Oil and Gas

    National Oilwell Varco (NOV)

    Technip

    Aker Solutions

    Balmoral Offshore

    Forum Energy Technologies

    Trelleborg Offshore

    FES

    First Subsea

    Oil States

    Hutchinson

    Trelleborg Offshore

    ABCO Subsea

    Balmoral Offshore

    BRI Offshore

    CIRCOR Energy

    Deep Down

    GE Oil and Gas

    Matrix Composites

    Oil States

    Trelleborg Offshore

    Whitefield Plastics

    Subsea Energy Solutions

    National Oilwell Varco (NOV)

    Aker Solutions

    Dril-Quip

    GE Oil & Gas

    GMC

    OilPatch Technologies

    Oil States

    OneSubsea

    Precision Castparts

    SBM Offshore

    Technip

    Wyman-Gordon

    Scana Steel

    Vallourec &Mannesmann

    National Oilwell Varco (NOV)

    Aker Solutions

    EMAS

    Fugro

    Helix Energy Solutions

    McDermott International

    SapuraKencana

    Saipem

    Subsea7

    Technip

    SBM Offshore

    Heerema

    National Oilwell Varco (NOV)

    Chart 1 COMPANIES WITH SUBSEA RISER SYSTEMS AND COMPONENTS

    CONSTRUCTION & INSTALLATION

    COMPONENTS OF FREE-HANGING RISERS

    MANUFACTURERS

    COMPONENTS OF TOP-TENSION PRODUCTION RISERS

    M A G A Z I N E1455 West Loop South, Suite 400; Houston, TX 77027

    Tel: 713-621-9720; Fax: 713-963-6296 www.offshore-mag.com

    WoodGroupKenny432 Murray Street

    Perth WA6000, AustraliaPhone: +61 8 6314 2555

    www.woodgroupkenny.com

    A P R I L 2 0 1 5

    ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF THE CONTRIBUTORS:WoodGroupKenny and Offshore Magazine wish to acknowledge the following individuals and companies who continue to support

    our efforts to educate and inform the oil & gas industry on the status of deepwater production riser technology.

    2H Offshore: Mike Campbell, Tim Eyles; AF Global Corporation: Christine Mathers; Aker Solutions: Roger Lu, John Nustad, Kate Winterton; Balmoral: Stephen Gibb; DeepFlex: Jessica Knee; INTECSEA: Diane Bailey; NOV: Joachim Christensen, Rusty De La Fuente, Svein Fidje, Allison

    Hablinski, Lene Lykke Meisner; Oil States: Brian Mizell, Darlene Morris; Saipem: Fabia Perrone; SBM Offshore: Nicole Fallon-Olivieri; Technip: Aline Elhage, Steven Jin, Sarah Prendergast, Alan Yu; Trelleborg Offshore: Ruth Clay; Xodus Subsea: Fiona Cowie.

    POSTER

    118 2015 Off

    shor

    e

    Information Accuracy: We have attempted to use correct and current, as of press time, information for the riser systems and components described herein. No installed, sanctioned, nor pending application was intentionally excluded. We have summarized the capability and operating experience by acting as a neutral party and integrator of information. Information has been collected from public sources, company brochures, personal interviews, phone interviews, press releases, industry magazines, vendor-supplied information, and web sites. No guarantee is made that information is accurate or all-inclusive. Neither WoodGroupKenny nor Offshore Magazine guarantees or assumes any responsibility or liability for any partys use of the information presented.

    Graph 5 Representative Examples of Unbonded Flexible Risers, showing Design Pressure Capability

    Graph 4 Representative Examples of Unbonded Flexible Risers, showing Water Depth Capability Courtesy of NOV, Technip and WoodGroupKenny

    Courtesy of NOV, Technip and WoodGroupKenny

    Courtesy of

    Courtesy of

    Courtesy of

    Courtesy of Graph 5 Representative Examples of Unbonded Flexible Risers, showing Design Pressure Capability

    Graph 4 Representative Examples of Unbonded Flexible Risers, showing Water Depth Capability

    Courtesy of NOV, Technip and WoodGroupKenny

    Courtesy of NOV, Technip and WoodGroupKenny

    Industry Qu

    alif ed with

    API-17J

    Graph 1 Representative Examples of Steel Catenary Risers (SCRs) Courtesy of

    Table 1 - Alternatives / New Concepts of Riser Systems & Components

    # COMPANY CONCEPT NAME/TYPE STAGE OF DEV. (1)PLATFORM

    TYPE (2)DIAMETER (Inches)

    WATER DEPTH (Meters)

    INSTALLATION METHOD (3)

    Rise

    r Sys

    tem

    s

    1.1 2H Offshore/Subsea 7 Grouped Single Line Offset Riser F Freestanding 220" 1,000 - 3,000 DR1.2 Aker Solutions Dry Tree and TTR System Semi-Submersible M Se 220" 500 - 3,000 DR1.3 Aker Solutions Hybrid Riser Tower M Se, Sh 220" 1,000 - 3,000 T1.4 INTECSEA Worley Parsons Group TTR with Semi, Tension Leg Semi (TLS) C Se TTR up to 14" 500 - 3,000 DR1.5 Saipem Bundle Hybrid Offset Riser (BHOR) F Freestanding 220" 1,000 - 3,000 T1.6 Saipem Single Integrated Riser (SIR) with FPSO C Sh 220" 300 - 3,000 J1.7 SBM Offshore MoorSpar M Sh TTR & SCR 1,000 - 3,000 DR1.8 Shell Global Solutions Steel Lazy Wave Riser concept for FPSO F FPSO 612" 1,500 - 2,000 R1.9 Technip Dry Tree & TTR, internal, with BMFPSO (Buoy Moored FPSO) C Sh 220" 300 - 3,000 DR

    1.10 Technip MWCC Free Standing Hybrid Riser M Sh 500 - 3,000 DR1.11 Technip Steel Lazy Wave Riser with I-tube on spar F Sp 6" 1,000 - 1,500 R

    Rise

    r Com

    pone

    nts

    1.12 AFGlobal Corporation Diverless (Pull-in) Riser Connection System F Any 220" 75 - 3,000 Attached to riser1.13 Aker Solutions IPUTM (Integrated Production Umbilical) F All 412" 3,000 R1.14 Aker Solutions RiserLOCK Workover and Early Production Riser System M Se, Sh 5-3/8"7-3/8" 80 - 3,000 DR

    1.15 Balmoral Balmoral Durafloat HT (hybrid insulation / buoyancy modules for high temperature operation) F Any Any 1,000 - 3,000 Attached to riser

    1.16 Balmoral Balmoral Riserguard (riser protection / stacking PE modules) F Any Any N/A Attached to riser

    1.17 BalmoralBalmoral Superlite-X (lightweight deepwater riser buoyancy modules)

    F Any Any 1,000 - 4,500 Attached to riser

    1.18 DeepFlex Inc. All Composite Unbonded Flexible Fiber Reinforced Pipe (FFRP) F Se, Sh, T, Sp 220" 300 - 3,000 R1.19 DeepFlex Inc. Hybrid Unbonded Flexible Pipe M Se, Sh, T, Sp 220" 300 - 3,000 R1.20 Magma Global m-SLOR free standing composite riser M Freestanding 212" 1,000 - 3,000 R, T1.21 MHWirth Clip riser joints F Se, Sh 1621" 3,600 DR1.22 MHWirth Direct acting riser tensioners / RAM tensioners F T, Se, Sh 1621" 3,600 DR1.23 MHWirth Telescopic joint F Se, Sh 1621" 3,600 DR1.24 MHWirth Wireline tensioners F Se, Sh 1621" 3,600 DR1.25 National Oilwell Varco (NOV) FLEXTREME Composite Pipe C Se, Sh 216" 300 - 4,000 R1.26 Oil States Gen II FlexJoint Technology F Any 4.5 24" 500 - 3,000 Stab on1.27 Oil States RotoLatch, stab & lock for riser & tendon F Any various 500 - 3,000 Stab on1.28 RTI Energy / Oil States SCR Hang-off Assemblies F Any 224" 500 - 3,000 Attached to riser1.29 SBM Offshore BTM (disconnectable internal turret FPSO) w/ SLWR M Sh 612" 1,000 - 3,000 R, J1.30 SBM Offshore GAP System F All 220" Unlimited T1.31 GMC Riser Connector M All 620 300 - 3,000 R, J, S1.32 Technip Carbon fiber armor tension layer and steel unbonded flexible riser C Se, Sh, T, Sp 416" 1,000 - 3,000 R1.33 Technip Integrated Production Bundle F All 610.75" 300 - 1,500 R

    1) Field Proven (F), Model Tested/Material Tested (M), Conceptual (C) 2) TLP (T), Semi (Se), Spar (Sp), Ship (Sh) 3) Reeling (R), J-Lay (J), Drill Rig (DR), Towing (T), S-Lay (S)

    Courtesy of

    1.1

    1.12

    1.23 1.24 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.28 1.29 1.30 1.31 1.32

    1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.21

    1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10

    1.33

    1.22

    1.11

    Figure 1 - Alternatives / New Concepts of Riser Systems & Components Courtesy of

    Free Hanging CatenaryAdvantages Simplest configuration Minimal subsea infrastructure Easiest installationDisadvantages Feasibility challenge for high motion floaters Potential snatch loading at TDP Potential compression buckling at TDP Potential armor wire birdcaging

    Lazy-Wave (discrete buoyancy modules)Advantages Buoyant section de-couples FPU motions from

    fixed subsea end Can accommodate large vessel offsets Minimal subsea infrastructureDisadvantages Internal fluid density changes could signifi-

    cantly affect configuration Large excursions under cross current (clashing

    with adjacent lines)

    Steep-Wave (discrete buoyancy modules)Advantages Buoyant section de-couples FPU motions from

    fixed subsea end Can accommodate large vessel offsets Accommodates internal fluid density rangeDisadvantages Requires subsea base and bend stiffener

    Fixed-SAdvantages Subsea structure de-couples FPU motions from

    fixed subsea end Accommodates large vessel offsets Accommodates internal fluid density rangeDisadvantages Complex installation Infrastructure requirements

    Tethered Wave (discrete buoyancy modules)Advantages Configuration not significantly affected by

    change in internal fluid density No subsea bend stiffener requiredDisadvantages Hold down tether arrangement and clamp

    required More complex make-up and installation

    Lazy-S (mid-water arch)Advantages Decoupled FPU motions Accommodates large FPU offsets Large internal fluid density range Control clashing by clamps on MWADisadvantages Complex installation Infrastructure requirements Response driven by buoy hydrodynamics Large inertial effects Potential compression at touchdown point

    Steep-S (mid-water arch)Advantages Decoupled FPU motions Accommodates large FPU offsets Large internal fluid density rangeDisadvantages Complex installation Infrastructure requirements Response driven by buoy hydrodynamics

    Other less common or conceptual flexible riser configuration concepts:

    Chinese Lantern Double Wave Camel-S

    Courtesy of

    0

    500

    1000

    1500

    2000

    WaterDep

    th(m

    ) Maxim

    umIn

    stalleddia

    meter

    Project:Holstein

    Graph1 RepresentativeExamplesofSteelCatenaryRisers(SCRs)

    Project:ThunderHorse

    Project:Atlantis

    Project:MadDog

    2500

    30000 5 10 15 20 25 30

    Oil\GasExportSCRsonSpar ProductionSCRsonSpar Oil\GasExportSCRsonTLPProductionSCRsonTLP Oil\GasExportSCRsonSemiSub ProductionSCRsonSemiSubOil\Gas\FlowlineSCRsoncompliantTower Oil\ProductionSCRsonJacket GasExportSCRsonFPSOProductionSCRsonFPSO Gas\WaterInjectionSCRsonFPSO

    W

    OuterDiameter (in)

    MaximumInstalledWaterDepth Project:Independence Hub

    0

    500

    1000

    1500

    2000

    2500

    0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

    WaterDep

    th(m

    )

    InsideDiameter(in.)

    RepresentativeExamplesofUnbondedFlexibleRisers,showingWaterDepthCapability

    NOV

    Technip

    0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

    InsideDiameter(in.)

    0

    3000

    6000

    9000

    12000

    15000

    0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

    Desig

    nPr

    essure(p

    si)

    InsideDiameter(in.)

    RepresentativeExamplesofUnbondedFlexibleRisers,showingDesignPressureCapability

    PxID=70000

    PxID=80000

    NOV

    Technip

    1.20

    Drill riserbuoyancy

    Hybrid risertower buoyancy

    Pin/box endprotection

    Riser impactprotectionwww.balmoralofshore.com

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