0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India
-
Upload
sri-rice-international-programs-cals-cornell-university -
Category
Technology
-
view
1.401 -
download
1
description
Transcript of 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India
![Page 1: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
On-farm Evaluation of SRI in On-farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamiraparani Command Area,
Tamil Nadu, IndiaTamil Nadu, India
T.M. ThiyagarajanT.M. Thiyagarajan
DeanDeanAgricultural College & Research InstituteAgricultural College & Research Institute
Killikulam, Vallanadu 628 252Killikulam, Vallanadu 628 252Tamil Nadu, IndiaTamil Nadu, India
![Page 2: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Tamil Nadu
INDIA
![Page 3: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Tamil Nadu
Total geographical area 13.0 m ha
Net area sown 5.79 m ha
Gross rice area 2.19 m ha
Annual rice production
Average yield
7.5 m t
3.42 t/ha
![Page 4: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Water demand and supply in 2025 for Tamil Nadu
(million ha m)
Total water supply 4.74
Demand for non-agricultural purposes
1.65
Available for agricultural purposes
3.09
Demand for agricultural purposes
Excess demand over supply
3.57 - 4.5515.5-47.9%
![Page 5: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
System of Rice Intensification
Young seedlingSoft handling
Wider spacing
Weed incorporation Limited water
![Page 6: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Experimental ResultsSRI evaluations were begun
in 2001 by TNAU, preceding firstextension to farmers in 2002
![Page 7: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Two field experiments on SRI
conducted in India in Tamil Nadu
Location : Wetland experimental areas at Tamil Nadu
Agricultural University, Coimbatore
Experiment I : Wet season (Sept. 2001- Jan. 2002)
hybrid rice CORH-2 (125 d)
Experiment II : Dry season (Feb. - June 2002)
hybrid rice ADTRH-1 (115 d)
![Page 8: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Crop establishment factors
P1 Conventional planting: 24-day-old seedlings; single seedling per hill.
P2 Modified SRI planting: in the wet season, 14-day-old single seedling per hill; in dry season, direct wet seeding, 2-3 seeds manually sown, but later thinned to single seedling per hill.
![Page 9: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Irrigation factors
I1 Conventional irrigation: irrigating to 5 cm depth one day after disappearance of surface water.
I2 Limited irrigation after crop establishment: irrigating to 2 cm depth after development of surface cracks; in the wet season, limited irrigation up to flowering stage, followed by conventional irrigation during grain filling;
in dry season, limited irrigation till maturity.
![Page 10: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Weed management factors
W1 Conventional weeding: in the wet season, weeds were removed by manual weeding (three times); in the dry season, pre-emergence application of herbicide Butachlor, followed by manual weeding (two times).
W2 Weeds mechanically incorporated with a rotary weeder, used crisscross (five times) during the growing season.
![Page 11: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Nutrient management factors
N1 Recommended amount of N (150 kg ha-1), P2O (60 kg ha-1), K2O (90 kg ha-1) and Zn in splits applied.
N2 The same as N1, plus green manure (fresh weight 6.25 t ha-1).
![Page 12: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Water used for the rice hybrid CORH2 (wet season)
Conventional planting
Modified planting
Conventional
irrigation
Limited irrigation
Conventional
irrigation
Limited irrigation
Total water irrigated (m3 ha-1)
11853 5205 13347 6699
Total number of irrigations
14 9 16 11
Cumulative rainfall during the crop period (m3 ha-1)
3560 3560 3560 3560
Total water used (m3 ha-1)
15143 8765 16907 10259
![Page 13: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Water used for the rice hybrid ADTRH1 (dry season)
Conventional planting
Modified SRI planting
Conventional
irrigation
Limited irrigation
Conventional
irrigation
Limited irrigation
Total water irrigated (m3 ha-1)
13406 6213 16634 8419
Total number of irrigations
21 15 25 18
Cumulative rainfall during the crop period (m3 ha-1)
560 560 560 560
Total water used (m3 ha-1)
13966 6773 17194 8979
![Page 14: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Grain yield (kg ha-1) of rice hybrid CORH 2 under conventional and SRI
Factors
Conventional seedlings Younger seedlings
Mean Mean Conventional irrigation
Water saving
irrigation
Conventional irrigation
Water saving
irrigation
Weeds removed
N16151 6199 6841 6268 6365
6076N2 6000 6195 5893 5059 5787
Weeds incorporated
N16008 6908 6838 6707 6615
6737N2 6343 6349 7612 7126 6858
Mean 6126 6413 6796 6290
Mean 6269 6543
![Page 15: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Factors
Conventional seedlings Direct Seeded
Mean Mean Conventional irrigation
Water saving
irrigation
Conventional irrigation
Water saving irrigation
Weeds removed
N1 6009 5694 6682 6366
6187
6226
N2 6261 5809 6600 6391
6265
Weeds incorporated
N1 6240 6014 6890 6400
6386
6436
N2 6311 6080 6941 6612
6486
Mean 6205 5899 6778 6442
Mean 6052 6610
Grain yield (kg ha-1) of rice hybrid ADTRH 1 under conventional and SRI
![Page 16: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Conventional Planting +Coventional Irrigation
Conventional Planting +Limited Irrigation
Modif ied Planting +Conventional Irrigation
Modif ied Planting +Limited Irrigation
Wat
er P
rod
uct
ivit
y (k
g m
-3)
Wet Season
Dry Season
![Page 17: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Labour Productivity (US$)
Management options
Wet season
Dry season
Conventional 3.29 3.46
Conventional planting
Limited irrigation
Conventional weeding
3.55 3.39
Modified planting
Conventional irrigation
Mechanical weeding
4.71 3.85
SRI 4.64 3.91
![Page 18: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
SRI resulted in higher LAI during grain filling period
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Days after transplanting
Leaf
are
a in
dex
Conventionalirrigation
Modified SRIirrigation
![Page 19: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
SRI method of planting resulted in higher root volume at panicle initiation, flowering and grain filling stages
0
20
40
60
80
AT PI FF GF
Crop growth stages
Roo
t vol
ume
( cc
pla
nt-1
)
Conventional planting
Modif ied SRI planting
![Page 20: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Mechanical weedingConventional weeding
Root growth
![Page 21: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Microbial population in rice rhizosphere
Microorganism Conventional SRI
Total bacteria 88 x 106 105 x 106
Azospirillum 8 x 105 31 x 105
Azotobacter 39 x 103 66 x 103
Phosphobacteria 33 x 103 59 x 103
![Page 22: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Effect of SRI on crop physiology Wet season (CORH2) Dry season (ADTRH1)
Conventional SRI Conventional SRI
Total Chlorophyll (mg g-1)
2.76 3.20 2.60 3.13
Soluble protein (mg g-1)
8.35 12.62 10.25 11.95
Nitrate reductase (mg NO2g-1 h-1)
12.42 18.11 11.74 16.70
Root CEC (mg 100g-1)
- - 8.40 11.23Cytokinin (pmol g-1)
- - 56.77 72.47
![Page 23: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Insects and their damage / population
SRI cultivation
(Mean ± SE)
Conventional cultivation
(Mean ± SE)
t value
Cut worm(% damaged leaves
per seedling)
0.0 ± 0.0
(0.0)
20.4 ± 4.8
(19.1)
16.1**
Thrips(per seedling)
0.5 ± 0.2
(0.9)
6.1 ± 0.5
(2.5)
19.3**
Green leaf hopper
(per seedling)
0.1 ± 0.0
(0.8)
0.4 ± 0.1
(0.9)
14.8**
BPH(per seedling)
0.0 ± 0.0
(0.0)
0.2 ± 0.0
(0.8)
11.5**
Whorl maggot(% damaged leaves
per seedling)
0.8 ± 0.2
(0.9)
9.3 ± 2.6
(9.1)
12.5**
Pest abundance in nursery
Figures in parentheses are transformed values ** significant difference (P<0.001)
![Page 24: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Insects and their damage / population
SRI cultivation(Mean ± SE)
Conventional cultivation(Mean ± SE)
t value
Whorl maggot(% damaged leaves
per hill)
17.9 ± 1.9
(18.0)
23.2 ± 2.0
(19.1)
6.6**
Thrips(per hill)
6.6 ± 0.1
(2.2)
20.2 ± 2.0
(4.1)
12.2**
Green leaf hopper(per hill)
0.6 ± 0.1
(1.0)
1.1 ± 0.2
(1.2)
10.7**
BPH(per hill)
1.1 ± 0.2
(1.2)
2.7 ± 0.2
(1.8)
14.4**
Whorl maggot(% truncated leaves
per hill)
5.6 ± 1.8
(5.9)
8.8 ± 1.4
(9.1)
4.5**
Pest abundance in main field
Figures in parentheses are transformed values ** significant difference (P<0.001)
![Page 25: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Insects and their damage / population
SRI cultivation(Mean ± SE)
Conventional cultivation(Mean ± SE)
t value
Gall midge(% silver shoot
per hill)
5.0 ± 1.2
(6.8)
11.0 ± 1.5
(19.1)
9.3**
Stem borers(deadheart/white
ear per hill)
11.7 ± 1.3
(15.5)
7.3 ± 1.0
(10.0)
10.1**
Leaf folder(scraped leaves
per hill)
20.3 ± 1.6
(21.7)
6.5 ± 1.0
(11.8)
15.4**
Earhead bug(No. per hill)
0.9 ± 0.1
(1.1)
0.9 ± 0.1
(1.1)
0.4NS
Pest abundance in main field
Figures in parentheses are transformed values
** significant difference (P<0.001)
NS : not significant
![Page 26: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Prospects
SRI offers scope for considerable reduction in water use, seed requirements, labour for weeding, with concurrent increase in yield
![Page 27: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Evaluation in Farmers’ Fields
The Government of Tamil Nadu approved US$ 30,000 to conduct Adaptive Research Trials (ART) in 100 farmers’ fields in Tamiraparani River Command area in 2003-2004
![Page 28: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Locations of ARTs in Tamiraparani Basin
LEGEND
ANICUTS IN THAMBIRA BARANI RIVER BASIN
1.Kodaimalalagian2.Nadhiyunni3. Kannadian4.Arianayakiapuram5. Palavor6. Suthamalli7. Maruthur 8. Srivaigundam
LOCATION OF ART’s
KADAYANALLURSANKARAN KOIL
KALUGU MALAI
KAYATHAR
THENKASI
SHENKOTAI
COURTALLAM
![Page 29: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Factors Conventional rice cultivation
SRI
Seedling 21 – 30 days
2-3 seedlings hill-1
14 days
Single seedling hill-1
Planting density
15 x 10 cm
20 x 10 cm
20 x 20 cm
Irrigation 5 cm depth 1 day after disappearance
of ponded water
2.5 cm depth (up to PI : after surface cracks develop in the soil; after PI : 1 day
after disappearance of water)
Weed control Herbicide + hand weeding , or 2 hand
weedings
Rotary weeder (3-4 times)
![Page 30: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
SRI Training for Extension PersonnelSRI Training for Extension Personnel
![Page 31: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
SRI Training for FarmersSRI Training for Farmers
![Page 32: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
SRI Training for FarmersSRI Training for Farmers
![Page 33: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
SRI Nursery
SRI NurserySRI Nursery
![Page 34: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
SRI Planting
![Page 35: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Rotary weeder useRotary weeder use
![Page 36: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
SRI nursery
![Page 37: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Conventional nursery
![Page 38: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Pulling out of seedlings
Conventional SRI
![Page 39: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Transport of seedlings
Conventional SRI
![Page 40: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Conventional planting
![Page 41: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
SRI planting
![Page 42: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Transplanted field
Conventional
SRI
![Page 43: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Conventional weeding
![Page 44: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Using rotary weeder
![Page 45: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Using cono weeder
![Page 46: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Rotary weeder
![Page 47: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Cono weeder
![Page 48: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Conventionally weeded Mechanically weeded
![Page 49: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Conventional irrigation
![Page 50: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Water-saving irrigation
![Page 51: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Crop growth at different stages
Just transplantedJust transplanted TilleringTillering
MaturityMaturity
![Page 52: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
SRI farmer showing the difference in no. of panicles to TNAU Vice- Chancellor
![Page 53: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Grain yield assessment• All panicles from 5 randomly chosen
areas (1 m2) were harvested from both conventional and SRI plots
• Panicle number and number of grains per panicle were counted
• Grains were separated, cleaned, weighed, and moisture % was estimated
• Yield is reported at 14 % moisture level
![Page 54: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
GRAIN YIELD UNDER CONVENTIONAL PRACTICES
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
ART Locations
Yie
ld (
kg /
ha)
![Page 55: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
GRAIN YIELD UNDER SRI PRACTICES
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 53 57 61 65 69 73 77 81 85 89 93 97
ART location numbers
Yie
ld (K
g / h
a)
![Page 56: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Grain yield in conventional practices
3887
8730
5657
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
Minimum Maximum Mean
Yie
ld (
kg
/ ha)
![Page 57: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Grain yield in SRI practices
4214
10655
7227
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
Minimum Maximum Mean
Yie
ld (k
g / h
a)
![Page 58: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Benefits of SRI
![Page 59: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Nursery is smaller and simpler
Wet land Garden land
![Page 60: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Seed requirement is reduced
Conventional : 60 – 75 kg ha-1
SRI : 7.5 kg ha-1
![Page 61: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Higher tillering in a reportedly shy-tillering variety (ASD16)
![Page 62: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Multiple advantages of using weeder
• No need to use herbicides
• Weed incorporation into soil
• Less labour needed for weeding
• Incorporation of top dressed fertilizer
• Disturbance of the soil’s surface aerates the top horizon
• Promotion of crop growth
![Page 63: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Saving of irrigation water = 40 – 50 %
![Page 64: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
SRI crop resists lodging
![Page 65: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Leaves remain green up to harvest
![Page 66: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
COSTS OF CULTIVATION PER HECTARE
Sl. No.
Practices
Tractor hours @ Rs.
150 / hr
Bullock pair @ Rs.
200 / hr
Men’s Labour
@ Rs. 40 / manday
Women’s Labour
@ Rs. 40 / manday
Cost (Rs.)
Con SRI Con SRI Con SRI Con SRI Con SRI
1. Nursery Preparation 1 - - - 6 3 0.5 5.5 2110 681
2. Main Field Preparation
7.5 7.5 2 2 12 12 - - 2005 2005
3. Manures & Fertilizers
- - - - 7 7 10 10 7254 7254
4. Transplanting - - - - 5 5 55 75 2400 3200
5. Weeding - - - - - 38 80 - 3200 1520
6. Irrigation - - - - 7.5 6 - - 300 240
7. Plant Protection - - - - 2 2 2 2 660 660
8. Harvesting 1 1 - - 12.5 12.5 75 75 3500 3500
Total 9.5 8.5 2 2 52 85.5 222.5 167.5 21,429 19,060
Saving in SRI system over conventional system – Rs. 2,369 (11 %)
![Page 67: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Economics of Cultivation (ha-1)
Sl. No.
ParticularsConventional
practicesSRI
practices
1. Income from grains
(Rs. 5.00 / kg)US$ 659 US$ 870
2. Income from straw
(Rs. 0.25 / kg)US$ 49 US$ 63
3. Gross return US$ 708 US$ 933
4. Cost of cultivation US$ 466 US$ 414
5. Net return US$ 242 US$ 519
6. B : C ratio 1.52 2.25
![Page 68: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Joint Director of Agriculture (Thanjavur District) :
Initially a strong critic of SRI in 2003 has laid out more than 2000 SRI demo trials in 2004.
![Page 69: 0407 On-Farm Evaluation of SRI in Tamiraparani Command Area, Tamil Nadu, India](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081403/554f3a8db4c905cd048b502e/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Thank YouThank You