03 WCDMA Radio Network Coverage Planning
Transcript of 03 WCDMA Radio Network Coverage Planning
www.huawei.com
Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
WCDMA Radio
Network Coverage
Planning
Page1Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Objectives
� Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
� Know the contents and process of radio network planning
� Understand uplink budget and related parameters
� Understand downlink budget and related parameters
Page2Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1. WCDMA Radio Network Planning Process
2. R99 Coverage Planning
3. HSDPA Coverage Planning
Page3Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1. WCDMA Radio Network Planning Process
2. R99 Coverage Planning
3. HSDPA Coverage Planning
Page4Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Capacity, Coverage, Quality
� Capacity & Coverage
� ↑ Users� ↑ Cell Load � ↑ Interference Level � ↓ Cell Coverage
� ↑ Cell Coverage � Cell Load ↓ �Capacity ↓
� Capacity & Quality
� ↑ Users� ↑ Cell Load � ↑ Interference Level � ↓ Quality
� ↑ Quality ( BLERtar ↓ ) � ↓ Capacity
� Coverage & Quality
� ↑ Quality ( AMR ↑ ) � ↓ Cell Coverage
Capacity
Quality Coverage
COST
Page5Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
WCDMA Radio Network Planning Process
� Radio Network Planning (RNP) Process
� Step1 : Radio network dimensioning
� Step2 : Pre-planning of radio network
� Step3 : Cell planning of radio network
Page6Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
WCDMA Radio Network Planning Process
� Step1 : Radio network dimensioning
� Radio network dimensioning includes coverage
dimensioning and capacity dimensioning.
� Obtain the scale of sites and configuration according to
input requirements when the coverage and capacity are
balanced.
Page7Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
WCDMA Radio Network Planning Process
� Input & output of radio network dimensioning
Capacity Related-Spectrum Available
-Subscriber Growth Forecast
-Traffic Density
Coverage Related-Coverage Region
-Area Type Information
-Propagation Condition
QoS Related-Blocking Probability
-Indoor Coverage
Input
� Number of NodeB
� Carrier configuration
� CE configuration
� Iub configuration
� ……
-Coverage Probability
Page8Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
WCDMA Radio Network Planning Process
� Step2 : Pre-planning of radio network – Initial Site Selection
� Based on RND, radio network pre-planning is intended to
determine:
� Theoretical location of sites
� Implementation parameters
� Cell parameters
Page9Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
WCDMA Radio Network Planning Process
� Step2 : Pre-planning of radio network - Prediction
� Based on RND result, sites location, implementation parameters
and cell parameters, we should predict coverage results such as
best serving cell, pilot strength, overlapping zone
� We should carry out detailed adjustment (such as NodeB number,
NodeB configuration, antenna parameters) after analyzing the
coverage prediction results
� Finally ,we obtain proper site location and parameters that should
satisfy coverage requirement
Page10Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
WCDMA Radio Network Planning Process
� Step2 : Pre-planning of radio network - Prediction
Coverage by transmitter:Display the best server coverage
Coverage by signal level: Display the signal level across the studied area
Overlapping zones:Display the signal level across the studied area
Page11Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
WCDMA Radio Network Planning Process
� Step3 : Cell planning of radio network - Site Survey
� We have to select backup location for site if theoretical location is
not available
� Based on experience , backup site location is selected in search
ring scope , search ring =1/4×R
Page12Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
WCDMA Radio Network Planning Process
� Step3 : Cell planning of radio network – Simulation
� U-Net use Monte Carlo simulation to generate user distributions
(snapshots)
� By iteration, U-Net get the UL/DL cell load, connection status and
rejected reason for each mobile
� The example of Monte Carlo simulation:
Page13Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
WCDMA Radio Network Planning Process
� The following takes coverage probability for an example to
further understand how Monte Carlo simulation is performed
100%100% 100%100%20%20% 60%60%
0%0% 75%75% 40%40%60%60%
Simulation resultSimulation resultSimulation resultSimulation result
1st snapshot1st snapshot1st snapshot1st snapshot
3rd snapshot3rd snapshot3rd snapshot3rd snapshot
2nd snapshot2nd snapshot2nd snapshot2nd snapshot
Page14Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
WCDMA Radio Network Planning Process
� Step3 : Cell planning of radio network – Simulation
� Generate certain quantity of network instantaneous state (snapshot)
� Obtain connection performance between terminals and UTRAN by
incremental operation
Page15Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
WCDMA Radio Network Planning Process
� Step3 : Cell planning of radio network - Simulation
� Measure and analyze results of multiple “snapshots” to have a
overall understanding of network performance
Handover Status:Display areas depending on the probe mobile handover status
Pilot Quality (Ec/Io):Displays the pilot quality across the certain area
Pilot Pollution:Displays pilot pollution statistics across the certain area
Page16Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1. WCDMA Radio Network Planning Process
2. R99 Coverage Planning
3. HSDPA Coverage Planning
Page17Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
2. R99 Coverage Planning
2.1 Process of R99 Coverage Planning
2.2 R99 Uplink Budget
2.3 R99 Downlink Budget
Page18Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Process of R99 Coverage Planning
� Goal of R99 coverage planning
� obtain the cell radius
� estimate NodeB number that could satisfy coverage requirement
Start
Link Budget
Cell Radius
NodeB Coverage Area
NodeB Number
End
Propagation model
Path Loss
R
R23*
8
9RArea =
23*2
3RArea =
area coverage NodeB
area coverage Total
number NodeB
=
Page19Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
2. R99 Coverage Planning
2.1 Process of R99 Coverage Planning
2.2 R99 Uplink Budget
2.3 R99 Downlink Budget
Page20Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Uplink Budget Principle
Path Loss
Cable Loss
Antenna Gain
NodeBSensitivity Penetration
Loss
UE Transmit Power
UE Antenna Gain
NodeB Antenna Gain
SHO Gain against fastfading
SHO Gain against Slowfading Slow fading margin
Fast fading margin
Interference margin
Body Loss
Cable Loss
Penetration Loss
Maximum
Allowed path loss
UPLINK BUDGET
Antenna Gain
NodeB reception sensitivity
SHO Gain
Margin
Loss
Page21Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Element of Uplink Budget
1. UE_TransmissionPower ( dBm )
� The UE maximum transmit power is determined by the power
class of the UE, which is specified by the 3GPP standard
� The Class 4 UE, with maximum power 21 dBm, are normally
considered due to their popularity in the market
Grade of UE power (TS 25.101 )
+2/-2dB+21dBm4
+1/-3dB+24dBm3
+1/-3dB+27dBm2
+1/-3dB+33dBm1
ToleranceNominal maximum output powerPower Class
Page22Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Element of Uplink Budget
2. Body Loss ( dB )
� For voice, the body loss is 3 dB
� For the other service , the body loss is 0 dB
3. Gain of UE TX Antenna ( dBi )
� In general, the gain of UE antenna is 0 dBi
Page23Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Element of Uplink Budget
4. Penetration Loss ( dB )
� Indoor penetration loss means the difference between the
average signal strength outside the building and the average
signal strength of first floor of the building
� In terms of service coverage performance, micro-cells provide an
effective solution for achieving a high degree of indoor
penetration
Page24Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Element of Uplink Budget
5. NodeB_AntennaGain ( dB )
6. Cable loss ( dB )
- Cable loss between NodeB and antenna
- Jumper loss between NodeB and antenna
- Connectors loss between NodeB and antenna
206 Sector
183 Sector
182 Sector
11Omni
Gain of Antenna (dBi)Sector Type
Cab
le L
oss
Page25Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Element of Uplink Budget
� Path Loss and Fading
� Path Loss - fading due to propagation distance
� Long term (slow) fading - caused by shadowing
� Short term (fast) fading - caused by multi-path propagation
Page26Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Element of Uplink Budget
7. Slow Fading Margin
� Slow Fading Margin depends on
� Coverage Probability @ Cell Edge
The higher the coverage probability is, the more SFM is required
� Standard Deviation of Slow Fading
The higher the standard deviation is, the more SFM is required
Received Signal Level [dBm]
Pro
babi
lity
Den
sity
Fthreshold
Coverage Probability @ Cell Edge:
P COVERAGE (x) = P [ F(x) > Fthreshold ]
Coverage Probability @ Cell Edge:
P COVERAGE (x) = P [ F(x) > Fthreshold ]
SFM required
Without SFM
With SFM
Page27Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Element of Uplink Budget
8. SHO Gain against Slow Fading
� SHO reduces slow fading margin compared to the single cell case
� SHO gain against slow fading can improve the coverage probability
SHO Gain against slow fading = SFM without SHO - SFM with SHO
SHO Gain Against SFM
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
98% 95% 92% 90% 85%Standard deviation=11.7Path loss slope=3.52 Area coverage probability
(dB)
Page28Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Element of Uplink Budget
9. Fast Fading Margin
� Fast fading margin
� required to guarantee fast power control
� the factors affect FFM include channel model, service type, BLER requirement
Uplink case: UE moves
towards the edge of the cell
Fast Fading Margin= Eb/No without fast PC - Eb/No wi th fast PC
Page29Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Element of Uplink Budget
10. SHO Gain against Fast fading
� SHO gain against fast fading reduces the Eb/No requirement
� SHO gain against fast fading leads to a gain for reception
sensitivity
� SHO gain against fast fading exists for both uplink and downlink
(Typical value of SHO gain against FFM is 1.5dB)
SHO Gain Against Fast Fading = Eb/No without SHO – E b/No with SHO
Page30Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Element of Uplink Budget
11. Interference Margin in Uplink
� Interference Margin is equal to Noise Rise
� Higher cell load leads to heavier interference
� Interference margin affects cell coverage
(((( )))) [[[[ ]]]]dBLogNoiseRise U Lηηηη−−−−⋅⋅⋅⋅−−−−==== 110 10
UL Load
NoiseRise(dB)
Interference Curve in Uplink
50% UL Load — 3dB
60% UL Load — 4dB
75% UL Load — 6dB
Page31Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Element of Uplink Budget
12.NodeB Reception Sensitivity
� Nth : Thermal Noise
� NF: Noise Figure
� Eb/No : required Eb/No to maintain service quality
� PG: Processing Gain
PGNENFNsitivityceptionSen bth −++= 0/Re
Page32Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Element of Uplink Budget
12.NodeB Reception Sensitivity
� Nth : Thermal Noise is the noise density generated by environment
and equals to:
� K:Boltzmann constant, 1.38×10-23J/K
� T:Temperature in Kelvin, normal temperature: 290 K
� W:Signal bandwidth, WCDMA signal bandwidth 3.84MHz
� Nth = -108dBm/3.84MHz
)**log(10 WTKN th =
Page33Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Element of Uplink Budget
12.NodeB Reception Sensitivity
� NF: Noise Figure :
� For Huawei NodeB, latest NF is 1.6dB
� For commercial UE, typical NF is 7dB.
Page34Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Element of Uplink Budget
12.NodeB Reception Sensitivity
� PG: Processing Gain :
� Processing gain is related with the service bearer rate, and the detail
formula is present below:
)rate bit
rate chiplog(10Gain ocessPr =
Page35Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Element of Uplink Budget
12.NodeB Reception Sensitivity
� Eb/No is required bit energy over the density of total noise to
maintain service quality
� Eb/No is obtained from link simulation
� Eb/No is related to following factors
� Service type
� Multi-path channel model
� User speed
� The target BLER
Page36Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
2. R99 Coverage Planning
2.1 Process of R99 Coverage Planning
2.2 R99 Uplink Budget
2.3 R99 Downlink Budget
Page37Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Downlink Budget Principle
Path Loss
CableLoss
Antenna Gain
UESensitivity
PenetrationLoss
NodeB Transmit Power
UE Antenna Gain
NodeB Antenna Gain
SHO Gain against fastfading
SHO Gain against Slowfading Slow fading margin
Fast fading margin
Interference margin
Body Loss
Cable Loss
Penetration Loss
DOWNLINK BUDGET
Maximumallowed path loss
UE reception sensitivity
Antenna Gain
SHO Gain
Margin
Loss
Page38Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Element of Downlink Budget
� Interference Margin in Downlink
� Wherein, is non-orthogonality factor, f is the interference
ratio of other cell to own cell
� Interference margin is equal to noise rise
( )N
DLMax
N
otherownN
N
total
P
CLPfNo
P
IIP
P
INoiseRise
/ηα ⋅×++=++==
α
Interference Margin
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
120 125 130 135 140 145 150
IM(dB)
CL(dB)
=0.6, = 1.78,
PMax=20W,
α f
9.0=DLη
Page39Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Case Study : R99 Uplink Budget
Page40Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Case Study : R99 Downlink Budget
Page41Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1. WCDMA Radio Network Planning Process
2. R99 Coverage Planning
3. HSDPA Coverage Planning
Page42Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Link Budget Difference of HSDPA and R99
� Coverage Requirement
� R99: Based on target continuous coverage service
� HSDPA: Based on cell edge throughput
� Simulation KPI
� R99: Connect Success Rate, Coverage Probability, Pilot Pollution
Proportion and SHO
� HSDPA: Cell Average Throughput and Cell Edge Throughput
Page43Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Link Budget Difference of HSDPA and R99
� Target Network Load
� R99: DL target load should be set to 75%
� HSDPA: DL target load can be raised to 90%
time
R99 DCH Power
CCH
Cell total power
75%
More power to ensure R99 capacity
Cell total power
HSDPA
power
90%
time
CCH
R99 DCH Power
Page44Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Link Budget Difference of HSDPA and R99
� Other Parameters
� R99:
� Power control margin should be considered.
� SHO gain should be considered.
� HSDPA:
� Power control margin need not be considered.
� SHO gain should not be considered for HSDPA.
� Other elements: Number of HS-PDSCH, HSDPA power, etc.
Page45Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
HSDPA Deployment Strategy
Hot Spot & Dense Urban
Urban Suburban & Rural
Initial Phase
Mature Phase
Focus on:
� HSDPA Performance
Focus on:
� HSDPA coverage
� no impact on R99
R99 f1
f2
R99+HSDPA R99
R99+HSDPA
HSDPA+R99
f1
f2
R99+HSDPA
HSDPA+R99
R99+HSDPA
HSDPA+R99
Page46Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
HSDPA Link Budget Categories
� HSDPA Throughput RequirementHSDPA+R99
HSDPA+R99
R99
No WCDMA
� Guarantee R99 CS Traffic Capacity
� Not Change R99 Coverage
� HSDPA Throughput Requirement
� R99/R4 Capacity, Coverage Requirement
R99 requirement should be met first, and then HSDPA throughput !
R99 and HSDPA requirement should be met simultaneously !
Page47Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
HSDPA Link Budget Element
� DL Coupling Loss
� Cell edge Ec/No
LpSFMLbantennaGaBSLfDLPLssCouplingLoDL NSHO +++−+= ____
( ))
10
log(1010
_
max
NtNFCoupleLossDL
DL
DSCHHS
Pf
P
No
Ec++
+××+×= −
ηα
Page48Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
HSDPA Link Budget Principle
� Goal of HSDPA link budget
� The HSDPA link budget is usually based on the R99 link budget to get the
cell edge throughput in downlink
� The HSDPA cell edge throughput need to be calculate depend on
simulation results, which is related with cell edge Ec/No
� Simulation Conditions
� Channel model-TU3
� 5 codes
Page49Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
HSDPA Link Budget Principle
� According to R99 Uplink Budget Result and HSDPA Power
Allocation, calculate Cell Edge Throughput
R99 Network Uplink Budget
Downlink Path Loss
Ec/No at Cell Edge
HSDPA power
Cell Edge Throughput
Simulation Results
(downlink pathloss = uplink pathloss+1.37) If ASSET or SPM is adopted
( ))
10
log(1010
_
max
NtNFCoupleLossDL
DL
DSCHHS
Pf
P
No
Ec++
+××+×= −
ηα
DL_CoupleLoss=DL_PL+TxBodyLoss+TxCableLoss-TxAntennaGain+RxBodyLoss+
RxCableLoss-RxAntennaGain+PenetrationLoss+SlowFadingMargin
Downlink Coupling Loss
Page50Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
HSDPA Link Budget Principle
� According to R99 Cell Radius and HSDPA Power Allocation,
calculate Cell Edge Throughput
R99 Network Cell Radius
Downlink Path Loss
Ec/No at Cell Edge
HSDPA power
Cell Edge Throughput
Simulation Results
( ))
10
log(1010
_
max
NtNFCoupleLossDL
DL
DSCHHS
Pf
P
No
Ec++
+××+×= −
ηα
DL_CoupleLoss=DL_PL+TxBodyLoss+TxCableLoss-TxAntennaGain+RxBodyLoss+
RxCableLoss-RxAntennaGain+PenetrationLoss+SlowFadingMargin
Downlink Coupling Loss
Page51Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
HSDPA Link Budget Principle
� According to Cell Edge Throughput requirement and HSDPA
Power Allocation, calculate HSDPA Cell Radius
Cell Edge Throughput
Ec/No at Cell Edge
Downlink Path Loss
HSDPA power
HSDPA Cell Radius
Simulation results
( )
NtNF
Pf
No
EcP
CoupleLossDL
DLDSCHHS
ERROR: rangecheck
OFFENDING COMMAND: string
STACK:
66038
33018
32512
33019