02x03 – Oceanic Imperialism

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HIS3931 – Oceanic Imperialism 11/07/2007 13:30:00 Power is the main theme for today with a sprinkle of movement why did Europeans want to travel? curiosity, they wanted to know what was out there competition within the European powers desire for better access to Asian goods, especially pepper o spices, drugs, and aromatics were the most profitable goods in the world. Weight per revenue (extremely profitable) religious motivation Trading-Post Empires

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University of Florida - Summer B 2007 - HIS3931 - Empire and Imperialism

Transcript of 02x03 – Oceanic Imperialism

Page 1: 02x03 – Oceanic Imperialism

HIS3931 – Oceanic Imperialism 7/11/07 9:30 AM

← Power is the main theme for today with a sprinkle of

movement

← why did Europeans want to travel?

curiosity, they wanted to know what was out there

competition within the European powers

desire for better access to Asian goods, especially

pepper

o spices, drugs, and aromatics were the most

profitable goods in the world. Weight per

revenue (extremely profitable)

religious motivation

← Trading-Post Empires

until about 500 years ago most empires were

concerned with commanding land and people

o the wanted power over the people where the

goods were produced

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there is now empires that control trade

o they control how goods move around the

world

o on land and sea

land was more difficult than sea

o a stranglehold on the trade within a

geographic region

you could take over ports

control the routes of access

able to patrol the routes of access and

intersect competitors

there are some examples of the classical period of

trade empires, but they did not last very long

the post empires of trade were much larger and

lasted much longer

o the British empire has become the classic

form of imperialism

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dominant sea going empires were Spain and

Portugal

o 1490s – to mid 17th century

o the Americas and Spain became the dominant

power in the 3Americas

o they were not so much conquers as they were

traders

The French, the Dutch, and the English then start

to become into trade countries

o The Dutch have just broken free from Spanish

rule

o England was not a major European power

it was a small kingdom, not very powerful

but they were able to establish global

power because of their increasing of their

navy

England is taking over the United

Kingdom at this time

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o the French was just coming out of the

reformation battles

o These countries are termed as the fiscal-

military states

they were much better at collecting taxes

fiscal

and waging wars

military side

Differences between the land and sea empires

(audio)

o indigenes

natives, indigenous people

← Technology

gave Europeans a better advantage

only at this point European ships were able to

compete with Asian ships

by cracking the wind codes, they were able to

establish long trade routes

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Europeans now could travel to Asia by going pat

the African south

1490’s Breakthrough decade

o Columbus

o John Cabot

discovered direct route across the north

Atlantic

o Vasco da Gama

Asian oceans

Military Technology

o They were able to make advances in ship

firepower

o Lighter guns, more mobile and could be put in

ships

o improvements in fortification

o there were no other ships with mounted

artillery

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← The Indian Ocean

the Portuguese seaborne empire

o direct trade with southern India

o establish a base in Goa

o establish a direct access with south east Asia

as well

o direct contact with Thailand and china

o and then Japan

o they took over Malacca in modern Malaysia

they were after nutmeg, cloves, aromatics

o they also attacked the ships of their

competitors

o establish extensive bases all over Asia and

Africa

o Portuguese empire was feeble and shallow

they are not coming in as empirical power

but as a pest

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o the Portuguese were participating as shippers

and traders in the existing commerce of Asia,

not as dominators

o most of the Portuguese lived in places not

under their control and married native peoples

o they were welcomed into these areas

because they enhanced the existing trade

routes, they did not pose a threat

o Francisco Vieira da Figueiredo

A sense of an individual of somebody that

operated at this time

a poor Portuguese soldier in the east

turned to trade to make a living

Cosmopolite

somebody who could move easily

and readily throughout societies

some direct trade with Europe

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European participation in commerce was of

commerce within Asian commerce

in the Indian ocean region the Portuguese had a bit

higher technology but the Asians had a better

arms so they traded on their terms

← Portugal’s Rivals

English East India Company (1600)

o Trade of spices and textiles

United East India Company of the Netherlands

(1602)

Portuguese were defeated and the English were

granted the new trading rights with India by the

Mughal Emperor (Jahangir)

the Europeans were again working within the

Indian commerce system and not as powerful lords

The Age of Partnership

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the Europeans are trading on the terms of those

they are trading with

the Europeans are not longer taking over their land

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