02_DILG_Salintubig - Components of Water Supply System

7/28/2019 02_DILG_Salintubig - Components of Water Supply System

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COMPONENTS OF THEWATER SUPPLY SYSTEM


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SOURCE FACILITIESSprings, deep wells , surface water (intake, inf iltrationgallery/infi ltration well)

TREATMENT FACILITIES

Chlorinator, sand fi lter, complete water treatment plantTRANSMISSION LINE

Pipeline from source to storage facili ties

STORAGE FACILITIESRaw water tank, clean water tank

DISTRIBUTION FACILITIESDistribution mains, control valves, individual connections,

fire hydrants, booster pumps

WATER SUPPLY COMPONENTS

Water supply2


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Typical Level II System Layout(with Ground Reservoir)

Spring Box Ground Reservoir

Transmission Main

Distribution Lines

Tap StandValve


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Typical Level II System Layout(with Elevated Storage Tank)

ElevatedStorageTank

Well Pump

Transmission Main

Dist ribut ion Pipes

Tap StandValve


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Wellsource

Water Reservoir

Water supply

Typical Level 3 Water Supply System(Well)

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Spring Box

Water supply

Typical Level 3 Water Supply System(Spring)

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AERATORS

FILTERS

CHLORINATION EQUIPMENT

pH ADJUSTMENT EQUIPMENT


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Aerators

Devices most commonly used for aerating water are:

Mult iple Tray Aerators

Cascade Aerators

Air Compressor and Diffusor Pipes

Spray Nozzle Aerators


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Chlorination Equipment

Is the most widely used means of disinfectingpublic water supplies. It aims to kill any disease-causing micro-organism that might get into the

water supply system.


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TERMINOLOGYChlorine Demand the amount of chlorine that reactsto different compounds of water that combinechemically with chlorine.

Chlorine Residual The amount of chlorine availablefor disinfection after chlorine demand is satisfied.

Contact Time the time required to kill a micro-organism after chlorine firs t comes in contact with it .

Dosage refers to the amount of chemical appliedto the water.

Feed Rate is the rate at which chlorine solutionor gas is injected into the water.


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Refers to the injection of asolution of a powdered or a liquid chlorine into thewater by the use of aHYPOCHLORINATOR.

Hypochlorination


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pH Adjustment Equipment

pH is the scientific shorthand for the concentration of hydrogen ions in the water

Value of pH in Water

< 7.0 - Acidic

7.0 Neutral

> 7.0 - Alkaline

Slight ly acidic or sl ightly alkaline water causes no

problems in water, however, strongly acidic water mustbe treated in order to prevent corrosion of metallicpipe, valves, steel tanks and customer plumbing.


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TRANSMISSION LINE


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Sample Profile along TransmissionPipelines

Pressure Breaker

Intake Box

Isolation Valve

Blow Off Valve

Reservoir

Service Area

Air Release Valve

Isolation Valve

Hydraulic Grade Line


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PIPENETWORKSCHEMATIC

DIAGRAM

MILAYA POTABLE WATER SUPPLYLEVEL II (Wao, Lanao Del Sur)

Spring Box

Elev. =641.61m6 3

- 4 0 0 m

b

6 3 - 1 , 7 0 0 m

Pressure Breaker Tank No. 1Elev. =583.00m

a

Pressure Breaker Tank No. 2Elev. =495.00m

6 3 - 7 , 5 0 0 m

Proposed Reservoir location at BaleteElev. =415.00m

Z

75 - 2,0 00mc

6 3

- 1 , 1 1 0 m Y

2 5 - 8 0

m F17

X63 - 112m

W 3 1 - 1

2 0 m

V

F16

63 - 95mU

3 1 - 1 0 m

TF15 S

F14

3 1 - 1 0 m

RQ

3 1 - 1 0 m

P

F13

O

2 5 - 1 2 m

N 2 5 - 8 2 m

F12 F11

ML

2 5 - 5 5 m

JExisting Reservoir(School Compound)Elev.=357.05m

Existing ReservoirElev.=360.00m

3 1

- 1 6 7

m

F9

I

K

H4 0 - 2 3 0 m F

F8

F7

F6

F5

E

3 1 - 2 7 5 m

D

3 1 - 1 8 0 m

2 5 - 9 0 m

F3

C

B 3 8

- 2 6 0 m

A

F2

2 5

- 9 5 m

F1

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMN T S

G

63 - 140m

63 - 154m

63 - 68m

63 - 25m

50 - 9 6m

3 1 - 4 0 m

2 5 - 7 5 m

F4


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STORAGE FACILITIES


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Purposes:

Impound Water

Store Water

Equalize rates of flow

Equalize pressure in the distributionsystem

Respond to emergencies


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Advantages of Elevated Storage

Pumps are operated at constant head

Pumps need not be operated continuously

Short-time power outages do not affectwater pressure and supply

Pressures in the distribution system maybe equalized by strategic location of the

tank


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Advantages of Ground Reservoir

Lower first cost

Lower maintenance cost

Easy observation of stored-water quality

Greater safety

Avoidance of unsightliness and other objectionable features of elevated storage


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Sizing of Reservoirs

Operating Storage (15 % to 30 % of ADD)

Emergency Storage (2 hrs of Peak Hour Demand)

Fire Storage

Typical volume based on servedpopulation

20,000 & below pop. 80 CM

20,000 to 100,000 320 CM100,000 to 500,000 640 CM

Above 500,000 950 CM


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TYPES OF STORAGETANKS/ RESERVOIRS


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DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM


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Pump selection

Static water level

Pump size should be determined by :

i) Well yieldii) No. of operating hours Base (sustained flow) Peak hour f low Scheduled delivery

iii) Fill-and-draw or Float systemiv) Hydraulic zonesv) Del ivery pressures

Pumpingwater level

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Centrifugal pumps for total dynamichead (TDH) of 6 m or lessJet pumps for 6 to 20 m TDHSubmersible pumps for TDH >20 m

Power (Kw) = 9.8 x (1/eff) x Q X TDHQ = discharge (CMS)TDH = total dynamic head (m)eff = 60% to 80%

Power (HP) = Kw/0.746

Pump selection

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C h e c k v a lv e to p re v e n t b a c k flo w

Se t-up a llo w s p um p to b e re m o ve d fo r in sp e c tio n & m a i n t e n a n c e

Pre ssure g a g e to c he c k d isc ha rg e p re ssure

M o t o r c o n tro l e q u ip m e n t

Lig htn ing a rre ste rs

Pro d uc tio n m e te r

Pum p ing sta tio n t o b e situa te d in a d e q ua te ly la rg e a r ea

Pum p ing sta tio n m ust p ro v id e p ro te c tio n fo r a b o ve

g ro u n d m o u n te d d e v ic e s a n d th e ir e le c tric c o n tro l System Facilities

Pump selection

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Pumping FacilitiesTe rm ino lo g y o f Pum p Pe rfo rm a nc e

He a d a nd Pre ssure

He a d Lo ss Pre ssu re tha t is lo st d ue to fric tio n b e tw e e n w a te r a nd the w a lls o f the

p ip e o r b e tw e e n ind iv id ua l d ro p s o f w a te r.Effic ie nc y is the to ta l ene rg y sup p lie d to the w a te r b y th e p u m p e x p re sse d a s a p e rc e n ta g e o f th e to t a l e le c tric a l o r m e c h a n i c a l e n e rg y su p p lie d to the d rive r.

Pu m p Effic ie n c y Usa b le w o rk p ro d u c e d b y t h e p u m p .

M o t o r Effic ie n c y a c tu a l p o w e r d e l iv e re d b y t he m o t o r


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Pumping Facilities

Ho rse Po w e r (HP) b a sic un i t o f m e c ha nic a l e n e rg y t o lift a g iv e n a m o u n t th ro u g h a g iv e n d ista n c e i n a g iv e n tim e .

To ta l Dy na m ic He a d (TDH) the to ta l TDH the p um p m ust d e live r inc lud e s lift a nd p ip e line he a d losses.

Lift the to ta l ve rt ic a l d ista nc e the w a ter is ra ise d .

Ca p a c ity is the ra te o f flo w o f w a te r b e ing

p u m p e d .

Sh u t- O ff He a d th e h e a d p u m p e d a g a in st th e w hic h the re is no d isc ha rg e .


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Pumping Facilities

Two Basic Types of PumpsCentrifugal Turbine Pumps

Used mainly for pumping large quantities of water atmoderate pressures, exclusively in well pumping andbooster pumping applications.

Small centri fugal turbine pumps sometimes used attreatment plants or pump s tations for pumping plantutil ity water.

Example:Hosing down concrete floors

Washing equipmentIrrigation of landscaping, etc.


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Pumping Facilities

Positive Displacement PumpsUsed to pump small quantities of water

including the following:Pumping Chemical Solution,Pumping Util ity Water,Providing Hydraulic Control Pressures andHydrostatic Pressure Testing of Piping.


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Centrifugal Turbine Pumps

Impeller is the heart of the turbine pump.

Driver provides the rotation of the impellers whichmay be an electric motor or a diesel or gasolineengine.

Important characterist ic of centrifugal pumps is thatdischarge capacity and pressure depends on eachother.

As the pressure increases, the discharge decreases; aspressure decreases, discharge increases.


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Centrifugal Turbine Pumps

ExampleGiven:TDH = 50 M

Required:

a) Q and Pump OperatingEfficiencyb) HP

From The Pump Curve:

a) Q = 60 L/sb) Pump OperatingEfficiency

= 76%c) HP = 50


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END OF PRESENTATION

02_DILG_Salintubig - Components of Water Supply System

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