023 Bp Refining
Transcript of 023 Bp Refining
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BP: RefiningOpportunities
KeithZinkCherryPointRefineryCokerEngineer2001CSMGraduate(CEPR)
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AboutMe
GraduatedfromCSMin2001(CEPR)
ContractProcessDesignEngineer(5yr)
BP
Chevron
ConocoPhillips
Shell(Equilon,Texaco)
PetroStar
EnergyEngineeratBPCherryPointRefinery(3yr)
DelayedCokerUnitProcessEngineer
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AboutBP
1.SomeMobilemployeesbecamepartofBPstaffpostdissolutionofJVinEurope
2.BPacquiredsomeBelgiumassets
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Cherry Point Refinery
Carson Refinery
Texas City Complex
Toledo Refinery
BP U.S. Downstream Business Units
Refining and Manufacturing
Whiting Refinery
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Downstream RefiningandMarketing
Refining receives the crude oilProduced by E&P and upgradesit to valuable products. Gasolineis the largest product from refining,
but others include hydrogen,natural gas, jet fuel, diesel fuel,asphalt, coke, elemental sulfur, motor oil, and chemicalfeedstocks. Marketing is the most visible Link between
our company and the general public (consumer) andfocuses on providing the highest quality gasoline inconjunction with convenience retailing. BP is the secondlargest marketer of gasoline in the U.S.
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RawCrudevs.RefinedProduct
0
20
40
60
80
100
PercentofB
arrel
Raw Crude Refined Crude
Fuel Gas, LPG
Gasoline
Jet Fuel
Diesel
Gasoil
Coke
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CherryPointRefinery
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CherryPointRefinery
2nd Newest Refinery in the U.S.
Designed to run 100 kBD ANS Crude, currently capable of 230+ kBD
ANS supply on decline, so working to diversify crude feed
capabilities
Economies of scale in action large, single train equipment soreliability is critical. Industry leader in operating costs.
A lot of exciting projects going on:
ULSD upgrades
~$1B in capital investment over next 5 years
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CareerPathsforEngineers
Technical Ladder: Becomeatechnicalexpertin
oneormorefields.Leadtechnologistsassistgloballytohelpsolvethemostchallenging
problems.
Management Track: Manyopportunitiesforengineerstopursuerolesatvariouslevelsofmanagement.
Commercial: Opportunitiesintherealmofproductionplanningand/oroursupplyandtrading
organization(IST).
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EngineersResponsibilities
First and Foremost -License to operate:
Ensureyourunitissafeandoperatinginanenvironmentally
responsiblemanner.
Nothingisasimportantasensuringthateveryone
goeshomesafeattheendoftheday.
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AnEngineersDuties
Serveasgeneraltechnicalresourcetooperations.
Providetechnicalsupportandtroubleshootingtotheunits.
Ensurethatunitoperateswithinenvironmentalpermitlimitations.
Helpdevelopandimplementcapitalprojectsandbestpracticeprocedures
toimproveprocessoperation.
UnderstandandcommunicateimpactsofdecisionsonCompany,Refinery,
&Operationsgoals.
Monitortheperformanceofthefractionationtowers,catalysts,material
balances,productspecifications,reactoryields,andenergyconsumptionto
optimizeperformance.
Provideengineeringsupportforturnarounds.
Providetechnicaltrainingandcoachingforprocessoperationsstaff.
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AboutCokers
Mostcrudesyieldaheavyfractioncalled:resid
LeftoverfromCrudeunitaftereasystuffremoved.
Madeupofheavylongchainhydrocarbonsandlargearomaticrings
Limitedpracticalcommercialusage:asphalt,
Asphaltdemandlimitedtoseasonalusageandroads.
Cokingdevelopedtoupgradelowervalueresid tohighervaluedliquid
products.
Cokingisagrowingtechnology.
Startedinthe1930sandstillalargepartofthefutureinrefining.
Severaltechnologiesbutdelayedcokingmostpopular.
Availablecrudesaregettingheavieryieldingmoreresid.
Heavycrudesgenerallycheaperduetolimitedglobalcokingcapacity.
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Howitworks ReactionBasics
Adelayedcokerisoperatesasasemi-batchprocess.
Thisisaconversionunit:
Weareconvertingmoleculesbasedontwodifferentprocesses: Cracking Hydrocarbons(diesel,stove,gasoline,lpg,andfuelgas)
Condensationorpolymerization- Coke
Overallthisisanendothermicreactionwithneededenergyprovidedbytwolarge
firedheaters. Reactionsareafunctionoftemperature,pressure,andvelocityinthecokedrums.
Unitrateislimitedprimarilybythesizeofthecokedrums.
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Coker- TheBasicBuildingBlocks
Furnaces-theheartofthecoker
Runlengthlimitedbycokinginthefurnaces
CokeDrums
Combinationtower
Fractionatesheavierliquidhydrocarbonsintodiesel(HCGO&
LCGO)andstove.
Gastreating
WetGasCompressor
Lighterhydrocarbonsfractionatedintogasoline(Hvy/LtNaphtha),
lpg andfuelgas.
Providesasmuchas70%oftheconsumedfuelgasinthe
refinery.
Blowdown
Recoverventgasandminimizeimpacttoenvironment.
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Structure
Heaters
Prefractionator (combination)
Dehex (gas treating)
Stabilizer
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CokerFurnaces
Supplyheatforreaction.
Resid heatedfrom700Fto935F(cokingtemperatures).
Condensation/Thermallycrackingreactionsbegins.
1furnaceperpairofdrums.2furnacestotal
Tubevelocityandheatinputratecritical
Operationoutsidespecifiedconditionscouldresultincoked
furnacetubes
Highoxygencontentinburnerboxpromotesbetterheat
distribution
Cokemustberemovedfromafurnaceevery6monthsto1
yearbymechanicalpiggingcalleddecoke
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CokerDrums
Wherethemajorityofthereactionoccurs.
SeparationofCokeandliquidhydrocarbons.
Thermalcyclinglimitsdrumlife.(amb tempto900degF)
CPcokerapproximate27.5ftdiameterby100ftT-T
Pieceofequipmentthatusuallylimitsunitrate.
Drumschedule Drumsteam-out(45minutes)
Coolingwater(4hours)
Vent/Drain(1.5hours)
Unhead(0.5hours) Drill(3hours)
Head(0.5hours)
SteamPurge&Pressuretest(3hours)
Warm-up(2-hours)
SwitchintodrumforCoking(16hrs)
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ASemi-BatchProcess
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CokerFractionation
Heatrequiredforfractionationdeliveredbycokedrumeffluent enteringthebottomof
thefractionator.
Productsfromheavytolightintower:
Heaterfeed
Heavygasoil
Lightgasoil(diesel)
Stove(Kero)
Naphtha
Fuelgas
Fractionationinaharshenvironment
Cokeformation Carry-over
Pumparoundloopsexisttoremoveheatfromtower
Heatintegratedforenergyefficiency
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Whatcangowrong?
Drumfoamovers
ShotCoke Bottom/TopDe-Heading
Drilling(hotspots)
Drumoverfill
Cokedovhdfouling
Combinationtowerfouling
SafetyMoment- 1998Equilon
DCUFatalities
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TAR BusiestTimeAtARefinery
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TAR:AChanceToGetYourHandsDirty.
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AttentionToDetailWillMakeYourJobEasier
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CrudeSchedulingataGlance
ANSsupplyondowntrend,soworkingtodiversifyfeedbyprocessingmore
alternatecrude:
WAF
ArabSours
Escalante(mostlyforcokeproperties)
CanadianHeavies
Schedulingrequirescarefullymanaging: Crudereceiptsandlogistics;constrainedbydockoutages,limited
storage,crudecompatibility,andeventheweather!
Totalcrudeinventory nottoolow,nottoomuch.
Productqualityspecifications(fromdieselTANtocrudeOVHDchloridestocalcinedcokehardness).
Economicoptimization/assetutilization.
Provideinputtocrudepurchasingdecisions&strategies.
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TipsForFindingaJobInRefining
Internships- Providevaluableexperienceandinsighttoindustrywhichaidsindiscussionduringinterviews;however,notessential.
HeatandMassTransfer,Fluids,Kinetics,ProcessControl,
PetroleumRefining,GasProcessing,ProcessDesign,Economic
Evaluation..allthegood stuff!
Communicationskills- Essentialtogetanythingdoneatarefinery
BackgroundknowledgeaboutOilindustry.
Willingnesstotakeonnewchallengesandworkasateamtomeet
them.
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WhybuildacareerwithBP?
Excellent colleagues
World leader in trading
Pioneer in clean fuels
Strong push for innovation
Global opportunity Challenging & rewarding
If interested, register at the CSM career center AND registerwith BP at:
http://www.bp.com/uscollegecareers
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Questions?