02 - Input Basics
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CAESAR IICAESAR II
Input Basics WorkshopInput Basics Workshop
Input Basics 2
Getting StartedGetting Started
zz Start CAESAR IIStart CAESAR II
zz Set the workingSet the working
folderfolder
zz Open a new jobOpen a new job
zz
Check unitsCheck unitszz Build dataBuild data
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Input Basics 3
Work FlowWork Flow1)1) Markup the DrawingMarkup the Drawing
2)2) Build and Review the ModelBuild and Review the Model
3)3) Error Check the ModelError Check the Model
4)4) Review/Edit Load CasesReview/Edit Load Cases
5)5) Run the AnalysesRun the Analyses
6)6) Review ResultsReview Results
33
55
44
66
Input Basics 4
Getting HelpGetting Help
zz User Guide , Technical Reference,User Guide , Technical Reference,
Application GuideApplication Guide
zz OnOn--line documentationline documentation
zz F1 on the cell of interestF1 on the cell of interest
zz
Tool tips show dimensionsTool tips show dimensions
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Input Basics 5
CAESAR II Main MenuCAESAR II Main MenuLocateLocate
working folderworking folder
Identify VersionIdentify Version
& Build& Build
Menu BarMenu Bar
ToolbarToolbar
Input Basics 6
Input SpreadsheetInput Spreadsheet
1920x1200 screen resolution1920x1200 screen resolution
(reduced to 33% here)(reduced to 33% here)
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Input Basics 7
Input SpreadsheetInput Spreadsheet
1280x10241280x1024
(reduced to 40% here)(reduced to 40% here)
Input Basics 8
Manipulating the DisplayManipulating the Display
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Input Basics 9
Graphics onlyGraphics only
Input Basics 10
Tearing the InputTearing the Input
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Input Basics 11
Input ToolsInput Tools
zz Toolbars can beToolbars can beconveniently arrangedconveniently arrangedaround the window.around the window.
zz There are three tool barThere are three tool bargroups:groups: Main MenuMain Menu
InputInput
PlotPlot
Input Basics 12
Main MenuMain MenuToolsTools
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Input Basics 13
Input / Edit / List ToolsInput / Edit / List Tools
Input Basics 14
Plot ToolsPlot Tools
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Input Basics 15
Input StrategyInput Strategyzz The physical system is represented byThe physical system is represented by
the assembly of simplethe assembly of simplestickstickelementselements
zz Node numbers identify the ends of allNode numbers identify the ends of all
these elementsthese elements
zz Each piping element is defined in aEach piping element is defined in a
piping spreadsheetpiping spreadsheet
Input Basics 16
Piping Spreadsheet LayoutPiping Spreadsheet Layout
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Input Basics 17
Point vs. CarryPoint vs. Carry--Forward DataForward Datazz Entered data isEntered data is
automaticallyautomaticallycarriedcarried
forwardforwardto the nextto the next
element whereelement where
appropriate.appropriate.
zz CarryCarry--forward items areforward items are
highlighted in red.highlighted in red.
zz
Point data applies to thisPoint data applies to thiselement only (shown inelement only (shown in
yellow).yellow).
Input Basics 18
Moving Around SpreadsheetsMoving Around Spreadsheets
HomeHome
PgUpPgUp
PgDnPgDn
EndEnd
(or Mouse Wheel)(or Mouse Wheel)
PreviousPrevious
FirstFirst
NextNext
LastLast
Next, or, if Last,Next, or, if Last,
CreateCreate NextNext
If Last,If Last,
DuplicateDuplicate
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Input Basics 19
Deleting Spreadsheets & DataDeleting Spreadsheets & Datazz D orD or
Erases the current spreadsheet/element.Erases the current spreadsheet/element.
zz Delete KeyDelete KeyErases the current (highlighted) cell. This key is used to erasErases the current (highlighted) cell. This key is used to erase errante errant
data in particular fields rather than entire spreadsheets.data in particular fields rather than entire spreadsheets.
zz DoubleDouble--click Check Box / Clickclick Check Box / ClickAux ToolsAux ToolsDeletes auxiliary items and their associated information. A douDeletes auxiliary items and their associated information. A doubleble--click on the check box or pressing the spacebar for the highlighclick on the check box or pressing the spacebar for the highlightedtedcheckbox will toggle the entry. Clicking ancheckbox will toggle the entry. Clicking anAux ToolsAux Toolsbutton willbutton willtoggle the current entry.toggle the current entry.
Input Basics 20
Pipe LengthPipe Length -- DX, DY & DZDX, DY & DZ
InputEnglishOutput (ft.-in.)
SIOutput (m-cm)
mmOutput (mm-mm)
6 6 in. 6 cm 6 mm
6-0 6 ft. 6 m 6 mm
6- 6 ft. 6 m 6 mm
6.3- 6 ft. 3.6 in. 630 cm 6.3 mm
6-10 6 ft. 10 in. 610 cm 16 mm
6-10-1/4 6 ft 10.25 in. 610.25 cm 16.25 mm
zz Cell Math (English):Cell Math (English):
Addition: 6Addition: 6--10+610+6--2 = (6 ft. 10 in.) + (6 ft. 2 in.) = 13 ft.2 = (6 ft. 10 in.) + (6 ft. 2 in.) = 13 ft.
Subtraction:Subtraction: --1010--3+23+2--5 =5 = -- (10 ft. 3 in.) + (2 ft. 5 in.) =(10 ft. 3 in.) + (2 ft. 5 in.) = --7 ft. 10 in.7 ft. 10 in.
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Input Basics 21
Available Nominal Pipe ODAvailable Nominal Pipe ODsszzANSI (inches)ANSI (inches) Units: EnglishUnits: English
0.5 0.750.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 161 1.25 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16
18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 4218 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 42
zz JIS (millimeters)JIS (millimeters) Units:SIUnits:SI15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 90 100 125 150 200 25015 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 90 100 125 150 200 250
300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650
zz DIN (millimeters)DIN (millimeters) Units: mmUnits: mm
15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 30015 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300350 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1200 1400 1600350 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1200 1400 1600
1800 2000 22001800 2000 2200
Input Basics 22
Available Pipe SchedulesAvailable Pipe Schedules
zzAANNSSIIAANNSSII BB3366..1100 SStteeeell PPiippee NNoommiinnaallss:: SS XXSS XXXXSS
AANNSSII BB3366..1100 SStteeeell PPiippee NNuummbbeerrss:: 1100 2200 3300 4400 6600 8800 110000 112200 114400 116600
AANNSSII BB3366..1199 SSSS PPiippee NNuummbbeerrss:: 55SS 1100SS 4400SS 8800SS
zz JJIISSJJIISS 11999900 SStteeeell PPiippee NNuummbbeerrss:: 1100 2200 3300 4400 6600 8800 110000 112200 114400 116600
JJIISS 11999900 SSSS PPiippee NNuummbbeerrss:: 55SS 1100SS 4400SS
zzDDIINNTThhee DDIINN ssppeecciiffiiccaattiioonn ddooeess nnoott iinncclluuddee sscchheedduullee nnuummbbeerrss.. EEnntteerriinngg SS
oobbttaaiinnss aa ssttaannddaarrdd wwaallll tthhiicckknneessss ffoorr eeaacchh oofftthhee 2288 nnoommiinnaall ddiiaammeetteerrss..
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Input Basics 23
Typical Restraint DefinitionsTypical Restraint Definitions
Input Basics 24
NonNon--Linear Conditions in CAESAR IILinear Conditions in CAESAR II
zz Terminology applies to restraint definitions orTerminology applies to restraint definitions orboundary conditions.boundary conditions.
zz The piping system boundary conditions (i.e.The piping system boundary conditions (i.e.the restraints) are represented asthe restraints) are represented as stiffnessesstiffnesses,,or springs, in the equation being solved:or springs, in the equation being solved:[K]{x} = {f}.[K]{x} = {f}.
zz A constant value for stiffness K models aA constant value for stiffness K models alinear boundary. Piping systems havelinear boundary. Piping systems haverestraint conditions that change; theserestraint conditions that change; thesenonlinearnonlinearrestraints are more complex.restraints are more complex.
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Input Basics 25
Linear vs. NonLinear vs. Non--LinearLinear
zz Example of a linear boundaryExample of a linear boundary
conditions include a doubleconditions include a double
acting rigid restraint, such as aacting rigid restraint, such as a
YYsupport or a spring hanger.support or a spring hanger.
zz The force versus displacementThe force versus displacement
curve for these restraints is acurve for these restraints is a
straight linestraight line linear.linear.
zz
The slope of the line is theThe slope of the line is thestiffness.stiffness.
Input Basics 26
Linear vs. NonLinear vs. Non--LinearLinear
zzAA+Y+Ysupport is a nonsupport is a non--linearlinear
support.support.
zz Its forceIts force vsvs displacementdisplacement
curve is not a straight line.curve is not a straight line.
zz Stiffness only exists forStiffness only exists for
negative displacements.negative displacements.
zz For positive displacements, theFor positive displacements, thestiffness is zero.stiffness is zero.
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Input Basics 27
Linear vs. NonLinear vs. Non--LinearLinear
zzAAgapgapis also a nonis also a non--linearlinear
support.support.
zz The force vs. displacementThe force vs. displacement
curve is not a straight line.curve is not a straight line.
zz There is no added stiffnessThere is no added stiffness
in the gapin the gap..
Input Basics 28
Other NonOther Non--Linear ConditionsLinear Conditions
zz FrictionFriction
zz Large rotation rodsLarge rotation rods
zz BiBi--linear restraintslinear restraints
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Input Basics 29
Connecting NodesConnecting Nodes
Input Basics 30
Connecting NodesConnecting Nodes
zz These two models areThese two models are
structurally identical.structurally identical.
zz The model at right has anThe model at right has an
ANCHOR at 55 with aANCHOR at 55 with a
CNODE of 56. There is NOCNODE of 56. There is NO
element 55element 55 -- 56.56.
zz The anchor will now showThe anchor will now showthetheinternalinternalloads of 55loads of 55
on 56.on 56.
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Input Basics 31
Connecting NodesConnecting Nodeszz CNODEsCNODEs are a very flexible, useful feature ofare a very flexible, useful feature of
CAESAR II.CAESAR II.
zz Think of a CNODE as:Think of a CNODE as:
aaball & socket jointball & socket joint, some, some DOFsDOFs are relatedare related
(such as translation), while others are not (such(such as translation), while others are not (such
as rotation)as rotation)
oror
the other end of the restraint.the other end of the restraint.
zz A restraint with CNODE can even replace aA restraint with CNODE can even replace a
pipe element.pipe element.
Input Basics 32
Insulation & Fluid DensityInsulation & Fluid Density
zz InsulationInsulation If insulation density is left blank, CAESAR II will use theIf insulation density is left blank, CAESAR II will use the
density of calcium silicate (0.00665 lbf./cu.in.) with thedensity of calcium silicate (0.00665 lbf./cu.in.) with the
insulation thickness to determine insulation weight.insulation thickness to determine insulation weight.
Refractory lining can be included using a negative insulationRefractory lining can be included using a negative insulation
thickness. The volume will be calculated by projecting thethickness. The volume will be calculated by projecting the
thickness inside rather than outside the pipe.thickness inside rather than outside the pipe.
zz FluidFluid Fluid density may be entered directly in terms of specificFluid density may be entered directly in terms of specific
gravity by following the number withgravity by following the number withSGSG, as in 0.8SG., as in 0.8SG.
Specific gravity is immediately converted to density.Specific gravity is immediately converted to density.
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Input Basics 33
Rigid Element CharacteristicsRigid Element Characteristicszz Stiffness based on 10Stiffness based on 10
times wall thicknesstimes wall thicknesszz If WEIGHT > 0If WEIGHT > 0
Total Weight =Total Weight =
specified weightspecified weight
++ fluid weightfluid weight
++ 1.751.75 ** insulation thicknessinsulation thickness
(based on specified OD)(based on specified OD)
zz If WEIGHT = 0If WEIGHT = 0
Total Weight = 0Total Weight = 0,,regardless of specified fluid ®ardless of specified fluid &
insulationinsulation
Input Basics 34
Valve/Flange DatabasesValve/Flange Databases
CAESAR II providesCAESAR II provides
several databasesseveral databases
containing rigid length &containing rigid length &
weight. CADWORX &weight. CADWORX &
CRANE provide catalogCRANE provide catalog
data. GENERIC &data. GENERIC &
NOFLANGE containNOFLANGE contain
simpler data.simpler data.
Be aware of the lengthsBe aware of the lengths
used by CAESAR II...used by CAESAR II...
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Input Basics 35
Bend Element BasicsBend Element Basicszz Bends can only be defined on theBends can only be defined on the
element entering the bend (at theelement entering the bend (at theToToNodeNode).).
zz The two elements which contain theThe two elements which contain thebend must be contiguous.bend must be contiguous.
zz The layout of the two elementsThe layout of the two elements
containing the bend, define the bendcontaining the bend, define the bendangle.angle.
Input Basics 36
Bend Node NumberingBend Node Numbering
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Input Basics 37
Node locationsfordimensioning:
Dimensioning BendsDimensioning Bends
Actual nodelocations:
Input Basics 38
ReducersReducers
FromFromEndEnd
Enter theEnter the ToToEndEnd
data heredata here oror enter theenter the
size on the nextsize on the next
element.element.
Alpha, theAlpha, the slopeslopeof theof the
reducer, will be estimatedreducer, will be estimated
if not entered.if not entered.
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Input Basics 39
Duplicating DataDuplicating Datazz Locate selectionLocate selection
zz Click on Group SelectClick on Group Select
zz Drag box aroundDrag box around
selectionselection
zz Click DuplicateClick Duplicate
zz Enter DataEnter Data
zz Review plotReview plot
Input Basics 40
Duplicating DataDuplicating Data
zz WhatWhatss
Wrong?Wrong?
zz 6060--7070
duplicatedduplicated
as 130as 130--140140
zz Change toChange to
130130--7070
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Input Basics 41
Imposed DisplacementsImposed DisplacementszzA pipe support or anchor may imposeA pipe support or anchor may impose
movement through thermal growth ormovement through thermal growth or
settlement.settlement.
zz Do not model this boundary conditionDo not model this boundary condition
as a support or anchor. Instead, defineas a support or anchor. Instead, define
the displacement for the support or athe displacement for the support or a
complete set of displacements andcomplete set of displacements androtations for the anchor.rotations for the anchor.
Input Basics 42
Imposed DisplacementsImposed Displacements
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Input Basics 43
Imposed DisplacementsImposed Displacementszz Hint, a vector of six zeros for displacement isHint, a vector of six zeros for displacement is
identical to an anchor.identical to an anchor.
zz An undefined term isAn undefined term isfreefree..
zz Load sets including the displacement setLoad sets including the displacement setDDnnwill show these displacements,will show these displacements,e.g. W+T1+P1+D1.e.g. W+T1+P1+D1.
zz Load sets without a displacement set willLoad sets without a displacement set will
show zeroes for the six terms, just like anshow zeroes for the six terms, just like ananchor, e.g. W+P1.anchor, e.g. W+P1.
Input Basics 44
Starting the AnalysisStarting the Analysis
zz Click ErrorClick Error
CheckCheck
zz Click onClick on
ErrorError
zz
Click onClick onZoom toZoom to
SelectionSelection
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Input Basics 45
Building and Using Load CaseBuilding and Using Load Casezz CAESAR II recommends loads cases forCAESAR II recommends loads cases for
new jobs.new jobs.
zz CAESAR II keeps the load cases fromCAESAR II keeps the load cases from
the last analysis.the last analysis.
zz CAESAR II does notCAESAR II does notrecommendrecommend
occasional load sets.occasional load sets.
Input Basics 46
The Load Case EditorThe Load Case Editor
Primitive loadsPrimitive loads
used in this jobused in this job
Load casesLoad cases StressStress
typetypeSet loadSet load
cyclescycles
Reset toReset to
recommendedrecommended
casescases
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Input Basics 47
Building and Using Load CasesBuilding and Using Load CaseszzAll load components (primitive loads)All load components (primitive loads)
defined in the job are displayed.defined in the job are displayed.
zz These primitive loads are combined toThese primitive loads are combined tomake up the load cases.make up the load cases.
zz Load cases, too, may be combined toLoad cases, too, may be combined tocreate additional load cases.create additional load cases.
zz
All primitive combinations must beAll primitive combinations must bedefined before load case combinations.defined before load case combinations.
Input Basics 48
PrimitivePrimitiveLoads in CAESAR IILoads in CAESAR IIzz W, WNC, WWW, WNC, WW pipe and insulation weight withpipe and insulation weight with
contents, with no content, with water weightcontents, with no content, with water weight
zz T1, T2,T1, T2, , T9, T9 thermal strainthermal strain
zz HP, P1, P2,HP, P1, P2, , P9, P9 hydrostatic & pipe pressurehydrostatic & pipe pressure
zz H, F1, F2,H, F1, F2, , F9, F9 hanger preload, itemized loadshanger preload, itemized loads
zz D1, D2,D1, D2, , D9, D9 imposed displacementsimposed displacements
zz CSCS cold spring; cut short or cut longcold spring; cut short or cut longzz U1, U2, U3U1, U2, U3 added load per unit length (or g)added load per unit length (or g)
zz WIND1, WIND2,WIND1, WIND2, , WIND4, WIND4 wind loadswind loads
zz WAVE1, WAVE2,WAVE1, WAVE2, , WAVE4, WAVE4 hydrodynamic loadshydrodynamic loads
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Input Basics 49
Building Load CasesBuilding Load Caseszz Load cases serve three purposes in aLoad cases serve three purposes in a
CAESAR II analysisCAESAR II analysis
Develop codeDevelop code--defined stressesdefined stresses
Examine structural response at various statesExamine structural response at various states
(e.g. installed and operating condition)(e.g. installed and operating condition)
Collect data to size spring hangersCollect data to size spring hangers
Input Basics 50
Building Load CasesBuilding Load Cases
zz CAESAR II will recommend a set of loadCAESAR II will recommend a set of load
cases for analysis based on assumedcases for analysis based on assumed
stress categories.stress categories.
zz The user can edit and add to theseThe user can edit and add to these
recommended load cases.recommended load cases.
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Input Basics 51
Default stress categoriesDefault stress categorieszz Sustained components:Sustained components:
W, P1W, P1--P9, HP9, H
zz Expansion components:Expansion components: T1T1--T9, D1T9, D1--D9D9
zz Unassigned components:Unassigned components: Occasional: U1Occasional: U1--U3, WIND1U3, WIND1--WIND4,WIND4,
WAVE1WAVE1--WAVE4, F1WAVE4, F1--F9F9 Structural: WNC, WW, HP, CSStructural: WNC, WW, HP, CS
Input Basics 52
Load Case/Stress TypesLoad Case/Stress Types
zz Each load case includes a load case identifierEach load case includes a load case identifier
zz These identifiers determine how the resultsThese identifiers determine how the results
are calculated and usedare calculated and used
zz SUSSUStainedtained,, EXPEXPansionansion,, OCCOCCasionalasional,,
OPEOPEratingrating, and, and FATFATigueigue set the stressset the stress
calculation and allowable stresscalculation and allowable stresszz HYDHYDrostaticrostatic andand HGRHGR(hanger) set support(hanger) set support
configuration and data availabilityconfiguration and data availability
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Input Basics 53
Examples ofExamples of
PrimitivePrimitiveLoad SetsLoad Setszz For a job with W,P1,T1,D1 and loaded springFor a job with W,P1,T1,D1 and loaded spring
hangers:hangers:
W+T1+P1+D1+H (OPE)W+T1+P1+D1+H (OPE)
W+P1+H (SUS)W+P1+H (SUS)
zz For a job with W,P1,P2,T1,T2:For a job with W,P1,P2,T1,T2:
W+T1+P1 (OPE)W+T1+P1 (OPE)
W+T2+P2 (OPE)W+T2+P2 (OPE)
W+P1 (SUS)W+P1 (SUS)
W+P2 (SUS)W+P2 (SUS)
Input Basics 54
Load CombinationsLoad Combinations
zz L1:L1: W+T1+P1 (OPE)W+T1+P1 (OPE)
L2:L2: W+P1 (SUS)W+P1 (SUS)
L3:L3: L1L1--L2 (EXP)L2 (EXP) :expansion stress range:expansion stress range
zz L1:L1: W+T1+P1 (OPE)W+T1+P1 (OPE)
L2:L2: W+P1 (SUS)W+P1 (SUS)
L3:L3: WIND (OCC)WIND (OCC)
L4:L4: L1L1--L2 (EXP)L2 (EXP) :expansion stress range:expansion stress range
L5:L5: L2+L3 (OCC)L2+L3 (OCC) :sustained + occasional stress:sustained + occasional stress
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Input Basics 55
Combining Load CasesCombining Load Caseszz Load cases can be combined for structuralLoad cases can be combined for structural
and/or stress evaluation.and/or stress evaluation.
zz All basic load cases must be defined beforeAll basic load cases must be defined beforethese combinations can be constructed.these combinations can be constructed.
zz For example, expansion stress range is takenFor example, expansion stress range is takenbetween twobetween twostatesstates, typically, between, typically, betweenoperating and installed states.operating and installed states.
zz
And, sustained stresses are summed withAnd, sustained stresses are summed withoccasional stresses for comparison to theoccasional stresses for comparison to theallowed limit.allowed limit.
Input Basics 56
Combining Load CasesCombining Load Cases
zz Load case combinations are identified by theLoad case combinations are identified by theprefix Lprefix L L1+L2 combines load case 1 and load case 2L1+L2 combines load case 1 and load case 2
L2+1.5L3 combines 1.5 times load case 3 withL2+1.5L3 combines 1.5 times load case 3 withload case 2load case 2
zz There are several ways to combine loadThere are several ways to combine load
cases:cases: Algebraic (e.g. expansion range)Algebraic (e.g. expansion range) Scalar (e.g. sustained plus occasional)Scalar (e.g. sustained plus occasional)
Max/Min (display max or min absolute)Max/Min (display max or min absolute)
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Input Basics 57
Load Case OptionsLoad Case Options
Edit loadEdit load
case namescase namesKeep orKeep or
discarddiscard
the outputthe output
reportreport
WhatWhat
toto
keepkeep
How toHow to
combinecombine
loadload
casescases
AdjustAdjust
supportssupports
SelectSelect
YoungYoungss
ModulusModulus
GloballyGlobally
modifymodify
frictionfriction
Input Basics 58
Load Case OptionsLoad Case Options
zz Change the display nameChange the display name
zz Select what reports (if any) to build in theSelect what reports (if any) to build in the
outputoutput
zz Set the combination methodSet the combination method
zz ActivateActivate snubberssnubbers
zz Lock/unlock spring supportsLock/unlock spring supportszz Specify a YoungSpecify a Youngs Moduluss Modulus
zz Globally adjust coefficient of frictionGlobally adjust coefficient of friction
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Input Basics 59
Structural vs. Stress AnalysisStructural vs. Stress Analysis
L1:L1: W+T1+P1 (OPE)W+T1+P1 (OPE)
L2:L2: W+P1 (SUS)W+P1 (SUS)
L3:L3: WIND (OCC)WIND (OCC)
L4:L4: W+T1+P1+WIND (OPE)W+T1+P1+WIND (OPE)
L5:L5: L1L1--L2 (EXP)L2 (EXP) (Algebraic)(Algebraic)
L6:L6: L2+L3 (OCC)L2+L3 (OCC) (Scalar)(Scalar)
structuralstructural stressstress(restraint loads & system deflections)(restraint loads & system deflections) (code(code--defined)defined)
Input Basics 60
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Input Basics 61
Global vs. Local CoordinatesGlobal vs. Local Coordinateszz The standard X,Y,Z global coordinateThe standard X,Y,Z global coordinate
system used in CAESAR II output issystem used in CAESAR II output is
augmented by a local coordinateaugmented by a local coordinate
system to report element forces andsystem to report element forces and
moments in terms of axial and shearmoments in terms of axial and shear
loads and torque and bendingloads and torque and bending
moments.moments.
Input Basics 62
Global vs. Local CoordinatesGlobal vs. Local Coordinates
zz The local coordinate system is:The local coordinate system is:
x points from the element From node tox points from the element From node to
the To node. This is the axial direction.the To node. This is the axial direction.
y is the cross product of the local x andy is the cross product of the local x and
global vertical up.global vertical up.
z is the cross of local x and local y.z is the cross of local x and local y.
zzA few examples will illustrate...A few examples will illustrate...
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Input Basics 63
Global (Y up) vs. Local CoordinatesGlobal (Y up) vs. Local Coordinates
Input Basics 64
Global (Y up) vs. Local CoordinatesGlobal (Y up) vs. Local Coordinates
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Input Basics 65
Other Input ItemsOther Input Items
Input Basics 66
Break CommandBreak Command
The break command adds nodes to an existing pipe run;The break command adds nodes to an existing pipe run;
either a single node at any point or several, equallyeither a single node at any point or several, equally --spacedspaced
nodes based on a node number increment or final pipe count.nodes based on a node number increment or final pipe count.
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Input Basics 67
Closing Loops AutomaticallyClosing Loops Automatically
The Close Loopcommand automaticallyconnects the specifiednodes (here, 90 to 15)
with the proper lengthpiping element tocomplete the path.
Input Basics 68
Material DatabaseMaterial Database
CAESAR II provides adatabase of materialproperties that may be
changed by the user.Database materials areidentified by numbersfrom 101 to 699.
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Input Basics 69
UserUser--defined Material (ID=21)defined Material (ID=21)zz Coefficient of Expansion (T1, T2,Coefficient of Expansion (T1, T2, ))
Entered as strain, this value must be defined forEntered as strain, this value must be defined for
each temperature case used. Data betweeneach temperature case used. Data between
--0.05 and 0.05 (alpha tolerance) are interpreted0.05 and 0.05 (alpha tolerance) are interpreted
as strain rather than temperature.as strain rather than temperature.
zz Elastic Modulus (ambient)Elastic Modulus (ambient)
zz PoissonPoissons Ratios Ratio
zz Pipe DensityPipe Density
Input Basics 70
OffsetsOffsets
Offsets can be used at vessel/nozzleOffsets can be used at vessel/nozzle
junctions or pipe intersections wherejunctions or pipe intersections where
branchbranchcantilever length would becantilever length would be
inappropriate if extended to the centerlineinappropriate if extended to the centerline
of the vessel or header.of the vessel or header.
Here, the offset is used to eliminate theHere, the offset is used to eliminate the
pipe length between the vessel wall andpipe length between the vessel wall and
centerline. The elementcenterline. The element fromfrom 2020 toto 30 will30 will
have an offset specified for thehave an offset specified for theToToendend
with a +X dimension equal to the vesselwith a +X dimension equal to the vessel
radius. This will adjust the elementradius. This will adjust the elementstiffness and weight but not the nodestiffness and weight but not the node
locations.locations.
A weightless, rigid element through thisA weightless, rigid element through this
open space would serve equally well.open space would serve equally well.