Evolution of Computer

A.P.Mohana Priyaa +

Used in Asia for a Long time

(2000-3000 BCE)

Also known as “SOROBAN” perform

addition and subtraction

Wooden rack holding two horizontal wires

with beads strung on them.

Rules memorized by the user

Regular arithmetic problems can be done

Abacus

NAPIER’S DEVICE

John Napier a Scottish Mathematician

Set of eleven animal bones later it was

replaced by rod

Number marked on them, they placed

side by side

Products and quotients of large

numbers could be obtained

SLIDE RULE

Invented in 17th century based on

the emerging work on logarithms by

John Napier

Perform all arithmetic &

trigonometric function

Final value can be straight away

read on scale

PASCAL’S CALCULATING MACHINE (PASCALINE)

Blaise Pascal a French mathematician developed mechanical calculating machine called Pascal’s calculating machine in 1642 CE

First real desktop calculating device that could add and subtract.

Construct of set of toothed wheels or gears.

Each wheel having 0 through 9.

Arithmetic operation performed by turning these wheels.

Concept still seen in conventional electric meter and taxi meter

LEIBNITZ’S IMPROVED PASCAL MACHINE

Pascal machine perform only addition and subtraction operation

Pascal machine was improved in 1673 CE

Introduced wheel could perform multiplication, division and square root operation.

PUNCHED CARD

Punched cards were first used around 1725 by

Basile Bouchon and Jean-Baptiste Falcon and

greatly improved by Joseph Marie Jacquard in

1801.

Control textile looms, invented punched

cards.

Cards with holes were used to make attractive

design on fiber

Presence and absence of punched hole

represented two states for raisers or lowers of

wrap thread

CHARLES BABBAGE’S ENGINES.

Charles Babbage (1792-1871) made

a machine called Difference Engine.

Evaluate accurate algebraic expression

and mathematical tasks up to 20

decimal places,

This machine is also called as

Babbage's difference engine,

Later adopted by insurances

companies for computing life tables.

Later modified the device as

Analytical Engine.

If had memory unit, operation

arithmetic operators.

Produced the output in punched

card format.

Parts and working principle of

Analytical Engine similar to today

computer.

Charles Babbage is called “Father

of Computer”

HOLLERITH’S MACHINE

Dr.Herman Hollerith of U.S.A, working

in U.S.A as census offices

Developed a card reading machine

and used punched cards for tabulating

and calculating data,

Data was being compiled and

analyzed.

MARK-I DIGITAL COMPUTER All calculating machines are invented basically

mechanical machine.

First electro-mechanical computer developed by

Howard aiken.

Used Hollerith's punched cards and principle of

computer stated by Charles Babbage

Automatically perform a sequence of arithmetic

operators.

Huge mechanical calculator which occupied

several norms.

Inside several miles of electrical wires and electro

mechanical relays and mechanical counter for

arithmetic calculations

FIRST ELECTRONICS COMPUTER (ABC) Atanasoff-Berry Computer

Dr. John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry

developed first electronic computer.

It is called as ABC.

Use vaccum tubes for storage , arithmetic

and logical function.

Special purpose used to solve

simultaneous equation.

It could perform 500 addition or 350

multiplication in one second.

Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator (ENIAC)

Electronic computer,

Developed by Prof. Presper Eckert and John

Mauchly.

Produced in 1940 for U.S.army

It used 18000 V.T 70000 resistor 10000

capacitor and 60000 switches (27 tons)

Occupy 5000 s7 suet of space.

Perform 300 multiplication/second

Fastest machine.

ENIAC was considered a significant

development because the speed was first

experience with ENIAC.

Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computers (EDVAC)

First electronic stored program

computer.

Electronics computers developed in

1949.

EDVAC different form ENIAC.

1.use of binary and electronic arithmetic

operators.

2.Internal storage of instructions were

written in digital forms.

Electronics Delay Storage AutomatiC (EDSAC)

Developed by group of scientist headed by

prof.mauriee willies

Using EDSAC , addition operation was

accomplished in 1500 microseconds and

multiplication operator in 4000 micro second

Manchester Mark 1

Small experimental computer.

Performs operation based on stored

program.

Designed Manchester university by a

group of scientist headed by Prof. M.H.A

Newman.

Storage capacity of only 32words, each

of 31 binary digits.

Limited to stored data and instruction.

UNIVersal Automatic Computer I (UNIVAC I)

Second commercial computer

produced in the United States.

Made by the inventors of the ENIAC.

UNIVAC –I is first computer used for

business in 1954

The machine was simply known as

"the UNIVAC“

MICROPROCESSOR

Microprocessor chip INTEL 4004 was

developed in 1969 by INTEL.

perform only few instruction and very

small amount of data.

1971 INTEL 8008 MP was developed.

Foundation for development of

personal computer(pc).

19

SoC

A System on a Chip or System on Chip (SoC) is an integrated circuit (IC) that integrates all components of a computer or other electronic system into a single chip

Integrates almost all components into a single silicon chip. Along with a CPU, an SoC usually contains a GPU, memory, USB controller, power management circuits, and wireless radios.

Whereas a CPU cannot function without dozens of other chips, it’s possible to build complete computers with just a single SoC◦ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_on_a_chip

PERSONAL COMPUTERS (PC)

First PC (with MP) developed in 1974.

In 1977 first successful micro

computer

(PC) developed by a young technician

named Steve Wozniak.

This was called the computer Apple-1

Created by the 1991 Apple–IBM–

Motorola alliance, known as AIM.

Performance Optimization With Enhanced RISC – Performance Computing

(POWER PC)

Pentium is a brand used for a series of

x86-compatible microprocessors

produced by Intel.

Pentium CPU based computers were

most commonly used Computers few

years ago

Pentium

Intel Core is a brand name that Intel

uses for various mid-range to high-end

consumer and business microprocessors.

In general, processors sold as Core are

more powerful variants of the same

processors marketed as entry-level

Celeron and Pentium

Core

All the best!