0131389033 ppt09

CJ 2011James A. Fagin

Chapter 9:Jails and Prisons


© 2011 Pearson Higher Education,Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights

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After completion of this chapter, students should be able to:Describe the conditions of early colonial jailsExplain both the purpose and types of jailsKnow the purpose behind classification systemsDetail the operations of the Federal Bureau of PrisonsDiscuss the advantages and disadvantages of prison privatization



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American colonists constructed harsh jail conditions

Cells lacked running water and heat

Men, women, and children confined together

Prisoners responsible to pay for their own necessities



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Philadelphia Society to Alleviate the Miseries of Public Prisons

Lobbied the Pennsylvania legislature for humane treatment of prisoners

Renovated the Walnut Street Jail (1790)



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Congregate work system prevails over Walnut Street model

Single-cell design becomes too expensive

Smaller cells at 7 feet long,4 feet wide, 7 feet high

Cells stacked on top of each other, known as ‘inside cell block’ architecture



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American prisons have highest incarceration rate worldwide

5% of world population holding 25% of world’s prisoners

Over 7.3 million citizens on probation, parole, in jail or in prison



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Three significant factors: Education and rehabilitation programs

Prohibiting prison-industry from competing in an open marketplace

Civil lawsuits against prison conditions



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Short term holding, typically 12 months or less

Majority of inmates are not convicted, but awaiting trial or other pre-trial procedures

Serve as gateway into the criminal justice system



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Over 3,300 local or county jails

Most municipalities are abandoning their jails as long-term holding facilities

Municipal jails primarily a temporary housing for arrestees until they can be moved to another facility or pay bail



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Typically for convicted felons sentenced to a year or more

53% of inmates incarcerated for violent crimes

Inmates examined, assessed, and classified before assignment to a prison facility



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Some prisoners may be kept out of general population based upon: Mental instability Health issues such as AIDS or Tuberculosis

Age (young or old) place them at risk of victimization

Gang members posing security risks



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Built in 1934 by newly formed Federal Bureau of Prison

It housed the most violent and highest security-risk inmates in San Francisco Bay

A maximum-security prison without any rehabilitation, educational, or treatment programs

Closed permanently in 1963; now a tourist destination



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Federal prisons are correctional facilities housing inmates convicted of violating federal statutes or crimes upon federal property

Known as the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP)



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Federal Bureau of Prisons operates 104 correctional facilities

200,000 inmates These range from minimum-security prison camps to administrative maximum

Feds have a lower recidivism rate



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Because of overcrowding and budget constraints, as well as the high costs of prison construction and staffing, some states allow private security companies to administer services

Not allowed in every state



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HIV/AIDS Communicable Diseases

Hepatitis C Tuberculosis

Mental Illness 8th Amendment prevents ‘cruel and unusual’ treatment, thus requiring adequate health care



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Hands-off (prior to Warren Court era)

Hands-on



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A place where people eat, sleep, and work together on a daily basis without contact with the outside world. A lack of social skills develops in this environment



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A socialization process by which new inmates accept the values of the prison lifestyle

For example, prison subculture language called ‘argot’

0131389033 ppt09

Education

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