011 Skeletal System

8/3/2019 011 Skeletal System

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Long Bones- metacarples,metatarsals, phelangies, humerus,ulna, radius, tibia, fibula

Short Bones- carpals, tarsals

Flat Bones- rib, scapula, skull, sternum

Irregular Bones- vertebrae, somefacial bones

Sesamoid- patella


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Distal

epiphysis

Proximal

epiphysis

diaphysis

yellow marrow

epiphyseal line

periosteum

compact bone

spongy bone

Endosteum

hyaline cartilage

Sharpeys fibers


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Posterior ViewPosterior View


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Cervical Vertebrae(7)

Thoracic Vertebrae(12)

Lumbar Vertberae (5)SacrumCoccyx

Cervical Vertebrae(7)

Thoracic Vertebrae(12)

Lumbar Vertberae (5)SacrumCoccyx

The Vertebral ColumnThe Vertebral Column


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Sternum

True Ribs (7)

False Ribs (3)

Floating Ribs (2

Sternum

True Ribs (7)

False Ribs (3)

Floating Ribs (2

The Thoracic CageThe Thoracic Cage


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Sacrum & CoccyxSacrum & Coccyx


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Bones of the Pectoral GirdleBones of the Pectoral Girdle


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Humerus

Ulna

Radius

8 Carpals

14 Phalanges

5 Metacarpals


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Pelvis


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Ischium

Ilium

Acetabulum

Pubis

Ischium

Obturator

foramen

Pelvis (lateral view)


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Male Pelvic Girdle Female Pelvic Girdle


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Patella

The Lower Limb(Legs)

The Lower Limb(Legs)

Femur

Tibia

Fibula

5 Metatarsals

14 Phalanges

7 Tarsals


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metatarsals

phelangies

tarsals

metatarsals

phelangies

tarsals


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Immovable JointsImmovable Joints(synarthrosis)(synarthrosis)

suturesuture

pubis symphisispubis symphisis


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Slightly Movable JointSlightly Movable Joint(ampharthrosis)(ampharthrosis)


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femur

ligaments

pelvis

(diarthrosis)- freely moveable


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femur

pelvis

hyalinecartilage synovial

cavity

jointcapsule


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Abduction

Extension

RotationFlexion

Adduction

Synovial Joint Movement


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275 bones275 bones12 weeks (612 weeks (6--99

inches long)inches long)


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cartilage

calcifiedcartilage

bone

epiphyseal

plate

epiphyseal

line

Endochondral Ossification

2o ossification

center

Fetus: 1st

2 months

AdultChildhood

Just before

birth


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Osteoblast

Osteocyte

OsteoclastEats bone

Builds new bone

Mature bone cell


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Bone Repair:1. Electrical stimulation of the fracture site:

Increases speed and completeness of healing The e- stimulation inhibits PTH and slow osteoclasts

down from reabsorbing bone

2. Ultrasound treatment:

Daily treatments reduce healing time of broken bones

by 25-35%

3. Free vascular fibular graft technique:

Transplant fibula in arm

Gives good blood supply not available in other

treatments4. Bone substitutes:

Crushed bone from cadaver- but risk of HIV and

hepatitis

Sea bone- coral

Artificial bone- ceramic


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hematoma callus bony callusbone

remodeling


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Diseases of the Skeletal System:

Osteoporosis- bone reabsorption

outpaces bone deposit; bones

become lighter and fracture easierFactors:

age, gender (more in women)

estrogen and testosterone decrease

insufficient exercise (or too much) diet poor in Ca++ and protein

abnormal vitamin D receptors

smoking


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OsteoporosisOsteoporosis

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Rickets- vitamin D deficiency

Osteomalacia- soft bones, inadequate

mineralization in bones, lack of vitamin D

Pagets Disease- spotty weakening in the

bones, excessive and abnormal boneremodeling

Rheumatoid arthritis- autoimmune

reaction

Diseases of the Skeletal System:


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INQUIRY

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DSHoonPWwXQ

1. What is a fontanel?2. How many bones in the adult skeleton?

3. What is the difference between the appendicular

and axial skeleton?

4. What is a meniscus?

5. Demonstrate adduction.

6. Weight bearing vertebrae are called?

7. What does an osteoclast do?

Extra Credit: 1-page reaction paper on bipedalismand problems associated with our human frame.

Attach article. Turn in 1-week from today.

011 Skeletal System

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