01 Na · Cu 2+ SO4 2 Cℓ Sn 2+ NO3 Fe 2+ Aℓ3+ Zn 2+ Na +.. 03 Aℓ Cℓ Fe ...

01NaCℓ

11

123

20Cu 2+ SO4 2 Cℓ

Sn 2+ NO3 Fe 2+

Aℓ 3+ Zn 2+ Na +..

03

FeCℓAℓ

24 26 17 Cℓ

10 Aℓ3+

04O2H+2Ca+2gMK+Na+HCO3C6H12O6

05

Cℓ Aℓ Mg Na O

17 13 12 11 8 ①②

27,21019C

67

06

10 – 19 Cq = +19,210 – 19 Cq/ = +3,2①②③10 – 19 Ce – = –1,6

07

08

09L1L2E1E2C1C2

S1S2①②

10

①②Ca2+2Cℓ③Mg2+

10 – 19 Ce = 1,6④

ت 0,058ت 0,002ت 0,068ت 0,050ت 0,376ت 0,081ت 0,065ت 0,015

Sodium تPotassium تCalcium تMagnésiumت Bicarbonates تChlorures تSulfates تNitrates ت

Na+ ت

K+ ت

Ca2+ ت

Mg2+ ت

HCO3 ت

Cℓ ت

SO42 ت

NO3 ت

Composition gr/litre

68

11

① + )2Cℓ + Fe2+ ( Fe) + 2Cℓ + 2H+(

②33

Fe2+ Cu2+ SO42 Cℓ

12

Cu2+MnO4

①②②

G

MnO4

Cu2+

ــ

AgNO3 BaCℓ2 NaOH

69

.........................

.........................

.........................

.........................

.........................

13 ،)CuCℓ2( .

①②③

14

①

②

15g2020,55g

①②③Ca2+SO42

70

❸ ❷ ❶

(AgNO3)Aq

+

A

16

SnCℓ2I= 51,2mA

①

②③ ④

17

ZnCℓ2 ①❶❷

②

③

④

⑤

18

①②

③

+

❷❶

+

A

– Cℓ

Sn2+

71

19

FeCℓ2

①②③

20Zn

24

2 SOCu

①②③

21

CaCO3① ② ③

22ℓm10024; SO+2Cu15

Zn2+①Zn2+②

Cu2+

Zn

③ZnCu2+

72

23 80 mℓ

C2H4O25,04 gNaHCO3

① ②CO2

③

24AgNO3 10

①②③④Ag+

25

Sn2+①②Sn2+26B

①

–②A③B④

27

73

1

A

BB

A

G

B

G

A

28 03

❶❷❸❹①

K+ Na+ Cℓ SO42 NO3

②

1①

2②33

29100 mℓ2,0 g

①②③Fe2+30①②

03

5ml

AgNO3BaCℓ2

5ml

①②

74

CaCO3

31

①②

10mℓ

Cℓ (Ag+ ;NO3)

SO42 (Ba2+ ;2Cℓ)

IICu2+ (Na+ ;OH)

IIFe2+ (Na+ ;OH)

IIIFE3+ (Na+ ;OH)

Zn2+ (Na+ ;OH)

Aℓ3+ (Na+ ;OH)

Ca2+ (2K+ ;C2O42)

32

①②

1

2

(Ba2+ ; 2Cℓ) (Na+ ; OH) (2K+ ; C2O42)

(Ag+ ; NO3)

75

Zn (s) Cu (s)

33 CuSO4 ZnSO4

CuSO4100ml ،

①②③

34 3CaCO

H2CO3H2SO4

H2SO4(aq) + CaCO3(s) … … … … ..(s) + CO2(g) + H2O(ℓ)

①

②③CO2④35

①②③

NaOH + HCℓ … … … … .. + H2O

36 Na+ , CℓO

76

NaOH

C R35

S22 S26 S37 S39

1

01

①Na

Na+

CℓCℓ–

Cℓ–Na+②q = 10 × (–1,6 × 1019)Ce–e– = –1,6 × 1019 C

q = –16 × 1019 C

③nZ

02

Cu 2+ SO4 2 Cℓ–

Sn 2+ NO3 Fe 2+

Aℓ 3+ Zn 2+ Na +

03

24 26 Fe 2+

18 17 Cℓ– 10 13 Aℓ3+

04

1Ca2+2Mg2+3K+

4Na+5HCO3–

1H2O2C6H12O6

n 27,2 × 1019 C

1,6 × 1019 C= = 17 e–

1

2

05①

Cℓ Aℓ Mg Na O

17 13 12 11 8

Cℓ– Aℓ3+ Mg2+ Na+ O2–

②Na 1e– + Na+ O + 2e– O2–

Aℓ 3e– + Aℓ3+ Mg 2e– + Mg2+ Cℓ + 1e– Cℓ–

06①

q/ > 0②q//q/ = q + q//

q// = q/ – q

q// = (3,2 × 1019) – (19,2 × 1019) = –16 × 1019 C ③Mg2+

07

O2–Na+Mg2+Aℓ3+Cℓ–

+ mA

A C

+

mA

A C

2

3

08①

09

①

S1S2

②Cℓ–Zn2+Zn2+ ; 2Cℓ–

10①

HCO3–

SO4 2Na+

Ca2+

② Ca2+ 2 Cℓ–

③اMg2+:q = 2 × (1,6 × 1019)C q = +3,2 × 1019 C

④AgCℓ . Cℓ–

+ mA

A C

+ mA

A C

3

4

11①

②

Cℓ– Ag +

Fe 2+ OH–

12①

②

③

13①❸

②

Cℓ–

Cu2+

H2O ③

2Cℓ– (aq) Cℓ2(g) + 2e–

Cu2+(aq) + 2e– Cu(s)

Cu2+(aq) + 2Cℓ– (aq) Cu(s) + Cℓ2(g)

14①

G

MnO4

Cu2+

ــ

+ –

4

5

②

15①m = m2 – m1

m = 20,55 – 20m = 0,55g

②

③NaHCO3

Ca(HCO3)2Ca2+

BaCℓ2BaSO4

SO4 2

16①

②③

2Cℓ– (aq) Cℓ2(g) + 2e–

Sn2+(aq) + 2e– Sn(s)

Sn2+(aq) + 2Cℓ– (aq) Sn(s) + Cℓ2(g)

+

A

– Cℓ

Sn2+

II

e–e–

5

6

17①❶❷❶❷②

H2O Zn2+

Cℓ–

③④

2Cℓ– (aq) Cℓ2(g) + 2e–

Zn2+(aq) + 2e– Zn(s)

Zn2+(aq) + 2Cℓ– (aq) Zn(s) + Cℓ2(g)

18①②

Ag (S) Ag + (aq) + e–

Ag + (aq) + e– Ag (S)

Ag (S) +( Ag + + NO3– ) (aq) ( Ag + + NO3–) (aq)+ Ag (S)

19①

④②

2HCℓ (aq) + Fe(S) FeCℓ2(aq) + H2(g)

(2H+ + 2Cℓ–)(aq) + Fe(s) (Fe2+ + 2Cℓ–)(aq) + H2 (g)

③10ml(Fe2+ + 2Cℓ–)

Cℓ–

10ml (Fe2+ + 2Cℓ–) Fe2+

6

7

20 ①②(Zn2+ ; SO42– )

③Zn(S) + Cu2+(aq) Cu (S) + Zn2+(aq)

21 ①

aqH+ + Cℓ–aqH3O + Cℓ–H+H2O

②CaCO3(S) aqHCℓ

Ca2+

CO32–

H+

Cℓ–

③(Ca2++CO32–)(S) + 2(H++ Cℓ–)(aq) (Ca2++2 Cℓ–)(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(g)

22

①Zn2+NaOH②

Cu2+Cu(S)

ZnZn2+③ZnCu2+

23 ①

②2CO

③(CH3COO –+H+)(aq) +(Na+ +HCO3–)(S) (CH3COO– +Na+)(aq) +CO2(g) +H2O(ℓ)

+

7

H2O

8

24 ①Cu2+②

Cu(S) Cu2+(aq) + 2e–

[ Ag + (aq) + e– Ag (S)] ×2

Cu(S) + 2 Ag + (aq) Cu2+(aq) + 2 Ag (S)

Cu(S) + 2(Ag + + NO3– )(aq) (Cu2+(aq) + 2NO3–)(aq) + 2Ag (S)

③Cu(NO3)2.

25

(2H+ + 2Cℓ–)(aq) + Sn(s) (Sn2+ + 2Cℓ–)(aq) + H2 (g)

26 ①

②A③B④

A Cu(S) Cu2+(aq) + 2e–

Cu2+(aq) + 2e– Cu(S)

Cu(S) + Cu2+(aq) Cu2+(aq) + Cu(S)

27

(2H+ + 2Cℓ–)(aq) + Fe(s) (Fe2+ + 2Cℓ–)(aq) + H2 (g)

1

21

8

9

28 ①

K+ Na+ Cℓ– SO42– NO3–

②①②3

29 ①II②

Fe(S) + (Cu2+ + SO42–)(aq) (Fe2+ + SO42–)(aq) + Cu(S)

③Fe2+(Fe2+ + SO42–)

(Fe(OH)2Fe2+

IIFe2+ (Na+ ; OH–)

30 ①(Ca2+ + CO32–)

②(Ca2+ + CO32–)(S) + 2(H+ + Cℓ–)(aq) (Ca2+ + 2 Cℓ–)(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(g)

CO2

CO2

31 ①Cu2+ ②

1SO42–

2Cu2+9

10

33 ①②

Zn(S) + Cu2+(aq) Zn2+(aq) + Cu (S)

③

Cu2+(aq) + 2e Cu(S)

Zn(S) Zn2+(aq) + 2e

Cu2+(aq)+ Zn(S) Cu(S) +Zn2+(aq)

2H+(aq) + 2e H2 (g)

Zn(S) Zn2+(aq) + 2e

Zn(S) + 2H+(aq) Zn2+(aq)+H2 (g)

Cu(S)

(ZnSO4)aq1,38 moℓ/ℓ

Zn(S)

(0,1 moℓ/ℓ)

C6H8O7

10

01 Na · Cu 2+ SO4 2 Cℓ Sn 2+ NO3 Fe 2+ Aℓ3+ Zn 2+ Na +.. 03 Aℓ Cℓ Fe ...

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Transcript of 01 Na · Cu 2+ SO4 2 Cℓ Sn 2+ NO3 Fe 2+ Aℓ3+ Zn 2+ Na +.. 03 Aℓ Cℓ Fe ...