01 Introduction to Gsm

23
1 © NOKIA 6-66680 v.3 / 21.10.2004 Introduction to GSM Objectives At the end of the module the student is able to: Name the key terms in mobile communications List the main improvements from 1G to 2G mobile communications systems Identify five events in the GSM evolution and connect each with the correct year

description

sYAATR

Transcript of 01 Introduction to Gsm

Introduction to GSMObjectives
At the end of the module the student is able to:
Name the key terms in mobile communications
List the main improvements from 1G to 2G mobile communications systems
Identify five events in the GSM evolution and connect each with the correct year
* © NOKIA 6-66680 v.3 / 21.10.2004
1895 G. Marconi - First radio transmission
1901 First transatlantic transmission
1909 First Broadcast Transmission
* © NOKIA 6-66680 v.3 / 21.10.2004
Service continuation
without interruption
1
2
3
guard band
02 Services
* © NOKIA 6-66680 v.3 / 21.10.2004
Advantages of GSM
GSM uses radio frequencies efficiently, and, due to the digital radio path, the system tolerates more inter cell disturbances.
The average quality of speech achieved is better than in existing analogue systems.
Data transmission is supported throughout the system.
Speech is encrypted and subscriber information security is guaranteed.
Due to ISDN compatibility, new services are offered compared to the analogue systems.
International roaming is technically possible within all the countries concerned.
The large market toughens the competition and lowers the prices both for investments and usage.
* © NOKIA 6-66680 v.3 / 21.10.2004
Evolution of GSM (1)
1985 CEPT made decision on time schedule and action plan
1986 CEPT tested eight experimental systems in Paris
1987 Memorandum of Understanding (MoU), allocation of the frequencies
890-915 uplink (from mobile to base station)
935-960 downlink (from base station to mobile)
* © NOKIA 6-66680 v.3 / 21.10.2004
Evolution of GSM (2)
1988 The European Telecommunications Standard Institute (ETSI) was created and includes members from administrations, industry and user groups
1989 Final recommendations and specifications
1.7.1991 First official call in the world with GSM
1992 Australian operators were the first non-European signatories of the GSM MoU
1992 New frequency allocation: GSM1800
1710-1785 uplink
1805-1880 downlink
1993 Roaming agreements between several operators are established. By December 1993 there were 32 GSM networks operating in 18 areas.
1994 The first GSM network in Africa was launched in South Africa. The GSM Phase 2 data/fax bearer services were launched. By December 1994 there were 69 GSM networks in operation.
1995 There were 117 GSM networks operating around the world. The GSM phase 2 standardisation was completed, including adaptation for GSM 1900 (PCS 1900).
* © NOKIA 6-66680 v.3 / 21.10.2004
Evolution of GSM (4)
1996 By December 1996 there were 120 networks operating. The 8K SIM was launched in addition to Pre-Paid GSM SIM cards.
1997 Zimbabwe and Mozambique implement GSM networks.
1998 Over 2 million GSM 1900 users in the USA and a total of 120 million GSM 900/1800/1900 users worldwide. The first High Speed Circuit Switched Data (HSCSD) trials in Singapore.
* © NOKIA 6-66680 v.3 / 21.10.2004
Evolution of GSM (5)
1999 First GPRS call in a live network. 200 million subscribers exceeded and 344 networks in 127 countries (August 1999).
Location Based Services Standardised.
GSM 850 support
2000 First GPRS networks launched
* © NOKIA 6-66680 v.3 / 21.10.2004
Evolution of GSM (5)
2001 GSM 700 support
2002 IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) standardised
More than 40 operators launched MMS
More than 120 operators offer GPRS commercially (Oct. 2002)
About 880 Million GSM subscribers (Dec. 2002)
460 GSM networks on air in 164 countries (Sep. 2002)
* © NOKIA 6-66680 v.3 / 21.10.2004
Source: GSM Association
Source: GSM Association
Area
estimates
1. Name advantages of cellular systems to single cell systems.
The supply area of a single cell system is limited. A cellular system
can offer mobile services to region or even national wide.
Handover procedures offer service continuation for a moving subscriber.
The cell size can be adjusted (e.g. in GSM900, the cell radius is ranging from 0.5 to 35 km). By decreasing the cell radius, thus increasing the numbers of cells in one geographical area, the available radio interface capacity can be increased.
* © NOKIA 6-66680 v.3 / 21.10.2004
2. Explain the difference between handover and location update procedure.
A handover takes place during a call, when the mobile phone is
moved from one cell to the next. It is required for service continuation. (the mobile phone is in the so-called „dedicated mode“.
A location update takes place, when the mobile phone is moved into a new cell, which belongs to a new administrative area called „location area“. A location update only takes place, when the mobile phone is in the so-called „idle mode“, i.e. no call takes place.
* © NOKIA 6-66680 v.3 / 21.10.2004
Review
3. Which of the following is a requirement for the GSM specifications?
The system must be compatible with existing mobile standards.
The system must be standardised globally.
The system must be built without causing any major changes in the existing Public Switched Telephone Networks (PSTN).
All of the above.
* © NOKIA 6-66680 v.3 / 21.10.2004
Review
4. Which two statements in the following are generally seen as advantages of GSM over analogue networks?
Data transmission is supported in the whole GSM network.
It is only possible to use an analogue mobile telephone in the own network.
GSM mobile stations can be used in other digital mobile networks, for instance in NMT and TACS networks.
GSM is a more secure system than analogue systems with respect to subscriber information and transmission.
* © NOKIA 6-66680 v.3 / 21.10.2004
Review
5. Match the year in the left-hand column with the corresponding significant GSM event in the middle column.
1982
1986
1992
1991
1995
1999
1989
1994
2000
Year
Event
 
 
 
 
 
Dec 97Dec 98Dec 99Dec 00Dec 01Dec 02Dec 03Dec 04Dec 05
A
NMS
NMS
NSS
NSS
BSS
BSS