Question paper - Unit F325/01 - Equilibria, Energetics and Elements
01 Elements Unit 1-2
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Transcript of 01 Elements Unit 1-2
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IB Music SL
Elements of Music
Unit 1
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1. Melody: Musical Line
Defining Melody The tune
Horizontal aspect of musicPitches and intervals
The skyline of themajestic Grand Tetonmountains in Wyomingresembles the rise and fallof melodic lines.
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Characteristicsof Melody
RangeContour
Conjunct movement Disjunct movement
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2. Rhythm: Musical Time
RhythmBeat
Accented beats providerhythmic pulse
Meter Measure
The duple subdivisions of thebays above the vaulted archesin Lincoln Cathedral (c, 1282)in England can be comparedto simple meters in music.
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Metrical
Patterns DownbeatDuple meter
Triple meter Quadruple meter,or common time
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Metrical Patterns
Simple meters
Compound meters
Sextuple meter
Like meter in music, basic repeatedpatterns provide the interest in thispainting by artist Robert Delaunay(1885 1941). Rhythm No. 1,1937.
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Metrical Patterns
Syncopation
Accent shifted to an offbeat
Polyrhythm
Additive meter
Nonmetric
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3. Harmony: Musical Space
Harmony (vertical aspect of music)ChordScale Syllables or numbers assigned to the tones of thescales Do-re-mi-fa-sol-la-ti-door 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8
Octave
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The Function of Harmony
Implied movement and progression from chordto chordTriad
Harmony lends a sense ofdepth to music, as perspectivedoes in this photograph. byFernand Ivaldi, of a viewdown a tree-lined canal inFrance.
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The Organization of Harmony
Tonic or keynote :First note of scale ( do ) is
home base
Tonality Major tonality Minor tonality
Diatonic harmonyChromatic harmony
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Consonance and Dissonance
Dissonance Consonance
Drone
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4. Musical Texture
Types of Texture Monophony
HeterophonyImprovisation
Polyphony
CounterpointHomophony
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Contrapuntal Devices
Imitation Canon
Round (Ex.: Row, Row, Row Your Boat )
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5. Musical Form
Structure and Design in MusicRepetitionand contrast
Variation Improvisation
The Gates in Central Park (2005). byartists Christo and Jeanne-Claude,show the reliance of art on the basicelement of repetition. This massivepublic art installation included 7,500orange gates extending over 23 milesof footpaths in New York
s Central
Park.
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Two-Part and Three-Part
Form
Binary Form A-B
Ternary Form A-B-A
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The Building Blocks of Form
Theme Thematic development
Sequence Motive
Some artists explore symmetricalpatterns that relate to the compositionalbuilding blocks of motives andsequences in music. Rosace (1941). byFleury-joseph Crpin (1875 1948), is a
good example.
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The Building Blocks of Form
Call and response , or responsorial music Ostinato
Movement
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6. Musical Expression: Tempo and
Dynamics The Pace of Music = Tempo Tempo Markings
Allegro Moderato Adagio AccelerandoRitardando
Italian Futurist painterGiacomo Balla(1871 1958)creates a pictorial depictionof speed and movement inGirl Running on a Balcony
(1912).
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Loudness and Softness
DynamicsForte
Mezzo forte Mezzo pianoPiano
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Moving from one dynamic toanother:
Crescendo Decrescendoor diminuendo
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Tempo and Dynamicsas Elements of Musical ExpressionShaping the expressive content of music
Metronome
Interpretation
Dynamic contrasts in music may becompared to light and shade inpainting. The concert (1626), byHeiidrik Terbruggen (1388 1629).
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