Btm]tZiiXIw 1

Btm-]-tZi-i-XIw

Btm]tZiiXIw 2

Malayalam Language

ATMOPADESA SATAKAM(A Hundred Verses of Advice for Self-Realization))

Contemplative Writing

SWAMI MUKTANANDA YATI

Published By

ONE-WORLDSchool of Vedanta

Chethikode. P.OErnakulam- 682315.

Phone : 9539746366, 9645828032email : oneworldcommunion@gmail.com

web site : www.gurudhaamam.org

Cover : One-World GraphicsType : Nitya Chetana

Proof : Sabari ChetanaPrinted at : Don Bosco, Ernakulam

First Edition : 2002Upto Fourth Edition : 2011, Copies - 5000Fifth Edition : Sep - 2014, Copies : 2000

Rights Reserved

Rs. 160

Btm]tZiiXIw 3

{io\m-cm-bW Kpcp-hns

Btm-]-tZ-i-i-XIw

a\\mhnjvmcw

kzman apm-\ bXn

Btm]tZiiXIw 4

kzman apm-\ bXn

1967 Xriq Pn-bnse Ip-en-bq-cn P\n-p. sNdp--nXstamtp Bbn-cp-p. kvIqfn ]Tn-p-tmXs Hcp kXym-t\z-jn-bmbn Ae-bp-I ]Xn-hm-bn-cp-p. km-c-n-\n-S-bnepw ]T\w XpSp.km-n-I-im-kv{X-n _ncp-Zhpw BwK-te-b-km-ln-Xy-n _ncp-Zm-\--c-_n-cp-Zhpw FSpp. tPW-en-k-n ]n.Pn Untma t\Sn. Ipd-p-Imew ]{X-{]-h-I-\mbn tPmen sNbvXp. Atm-tgpw Kpcp-k-hn-[-n AW-bm-\p- XrjvW AZ-ay-am-bn. AXn-\m tPmenbpw Kmln-I-Xbpw If-p. Kpcp \nXy-ssN-X-\y- b-Xn -bpsS injyXzw kzoI-cn-p.Kpcp-hns \nt-i-{]-Imcw 1993 \mcm-b-W-Kp-cp-Ip-e-n tNp. Dun-bnse t^ln \mcm-bWKp-cp-Ip-e-n Kpcp \nXyssNX\ybXn-bpsS kao-]-hn-bmbn Kpcp-tkh sNphm\pw Aym--im-kv{X-hnNmcw sNp-hm\pw ku`mKyhpw \ntbm-Khpw Dm-bn. 2000 Fd-Wm-Ipfw Imn-c-a-v \nXy-\n-tI-X\w B{iaw m]n-p. {]`m-j-W-fpw{K-c-N-\bpw XpS-cp-p. Ctm sXmSp-]p-g-bv-Sp-p Ce-ho-gm-q-n-d-bn temI-nse ]pcm-X-\-amb Bym-n-I-ss]-XrIw kXy-Ip-Xp-In-Iv ]phbvm-\mbn Hcp Am-cmjv{S thZm[ym\-tI{ns {]h-\-n hym]r-X-am-bn-cn-p-p.

Btm]tZiiXIw 5

AhXmcnI

dn-hp-Wv, Adn-hn-e-av, Adnhp am{X-amb Hcp{_hn-ns {io\mcm-b-W-Kp-cp-hns B-ma-{-

W--fmWv a\-\m-\pIq-e-amb artK-{-apJw hr-n hnc-Nn-X-amb \qdp tmI--f-S-p Btm-]-tZ-i-i-X-Iw. Kpcp-hns IrXn-I-fn Ghpw {][m\w Cu IrXn-X-s. KpcpCXn kzbw Nne Xncp--ep-I hcpn-bn- p--Xn-\mKpcp-hn\v CXn-t\mSp {]tXyI XmXv]cyw Dm-bn-cpp Fq-ln-mw-. Adnhv F tI{-n-X-\mb kqcy-\n\np hnIn-cWw sNp Inc-W-amWv CXnse Hmtcm tmI-hpw.

Adnhv F Hp am{Xta kXy-am-bn- p-q. thsd ]eXpwDsp tXmn-p-Xv Adn-hn-s-Xs Hcp "the'bmWv.hyn Adn-hn\npw `n-\. temI-ns nXnbpwhyXy-kvX-a-. ]t, hynbpw Adnhpw Hp-Xs Fp]d-bp-Xpw temIhpw Adnhpw HpXs Fp ]dbpXpwHtc A-n-e Fp ad--cp-Xv. hyn Fn-hnsS ]d-Xv Pohm-mhv F A-n-epw Adnhv Fp ]d-Xv ]c-am-mhv F A-n-ep-am-Wv. Ch Xn-epAt`Zw Xz-akn (]-c-a-kXyw \obm-Ip-p), Alw {_mkvan(Rm {_-am-Ip-p), inthmlw (Rm inh-\m-Ip-p) apX-emb alm-hm-Iy--fm kqNn-X-am-Ip-XpXs. FmtemIhpw Adnhpw Hsp ]d-bp-Xv Adn-h-msX thsdHpw Cspw DXmbn tXmp-Xv Adn-hn \neo-\-amb Hcp {]tXyI in-bpsS ^e-am-bn-m-sWpw DA-n-em-Wv. khw JeznZw {_ (Cu ImWm-b-sXmw{_-am-Ip-p) F alm-hm-Iy-n\nv Cu A-nFn-t-cmw.

A

Btm]tZiiXIw 6

AssZz-X-ns \ne-]m-Sn\np hyn-_--fpwkaq-l-kw-hn-[m-\hpw icn-bmb \ne-bn a\-n-em-p-hm]p hn[-n-emWv Btm-]-tZ-i-i-XIw kwhn-[m\wsNbvXnp--Xv. Htc kabw Xmzn-Ihpw {]mtbm-Kn-Ihpambkao-]-\- CXn ImWmw.

ae-bm-f-nse `K-h-ZvKoX Fp hnti-jn-n--s CuIrXnp ae-bm-f-n Ccp-]-Xn]cw hymJym-\- Dm-bn- p-v. Ctmgpw Dm-bn-sm-n-cn-p-p. AXn\npwhyXykvXamb HmWp kzman apm-\ bXn-bpsS a\-\m-hn-jvImcw F hymJym-\w. km[m-cW-msc Kpcp-h-cp-fnbD]-\n-j-Zpncl-ky--fn-tebvp ssI]n-Sn-m-\-bn-pI Fey-amWv Cu hymJym-\-n-\p--Xv. Hmtcm ]Zyhpw ]ZwXncnv A\z-b-{I-a-n ]Zmw ]dv XmXv]-cymwhnh-cn-pI F k{-Zm-b-amWv ChnsS A\p-hn-n- p-Xv. Ign-bp-{X efn-Xhpw AXp-sIm-p-Xs kp{K-lhp-amb `mj-bmWp D]-tbm-Kn-n- p--Xv. Cu IrXn BZy-ambn]cn-N-b-s-Sp--hp-t]mepw Hsms Dn-tep IS-mklm-bn-p--Xm-Wp hymJym-\w.

DZm-l-c-W-n\v ""]c-bpsS ]mep \pI'' Fp XpS-p ]Xn-\mw ]Zy-ns hymJym\w ]Imw-:""Imew Ne-\-am-Wv. Ne\w am-am-Wv. amw ico-c-nsbpwa\-n-tbpw {]Ir-X-am-Wv. Ne-\-n\v hi-s-n-cn-p-XvAm-\m-h--bn-em-Wv. Ne-\-n Poh\v _\w A\p--`h-s-Sp-p. _\w ZpxJ-am-Wv. m\amWv Pohs\ \n-

e-amb Bm-hn {]Xn-jvTn-p-Xv. \n-eX B\--am-Wv. A\p-`q-Xn-bm-Wv. ]c-a-amb A\p-`q-Xn-bn Aan-cn-p m\n-Iv Ime-t_m[w Hcp ]oU-\-ambn A\p-`-h-s-Sm-dn-. Bm-\p-` qXn B\--ns \nd-p-I-hn-b-em-Wv. Bm-\p-`q-Xn-bmWv ]c-bpsS ]mev. AXv Aar-Xm-Wv.arXyp-hn\npw Pohs\ XcWw sNn-p ckm-b-\w.Fm-hpw AXv A\m-bm-tk\ {]m]y-a-. ` mKy-hm-mtAX-\p-` -hn-p-hm Ign-bp-p-q. ` mKyw Cuiz-c-Ir-]-bm-Wv.

Btm]tZiiXIw 7

AXv a\p-jy-{]-bXv\-ns ^e-ambn am{Xw e`n-p--X-. Ir]bvv ]m{Xo-`-hn-m {]tXy-Inp ImcWw Bh-iy-an-. Fm At\z-jn-p--ht\ Cuiz-c-Ir] Xncn--dn-bmIgn-bp-I-bp-q.

Bm\p-`q-Xn-Z-i-bn Hcp ]Xn-\m-bncw hjw-t]mepwHcp \nan-jw F-t]mse A\p-`-h-s-Spw. Fm Am-\-m Ime-t_m[w Hcp-h-\n \nd-n-cn-p-tm Hcp\nan-jw-X-s Hcm-bncw hj-t]mse `mc-ap--Xm-bn-ocpw. Imew a\-ns krjvSn-bm-Wv. a\-n kpJapm-Ip-tm Ime-n\v \ofw Ipd-bpw. kabw ]mp-t]m-IpA\p-`-h-am-bn-cn-pw. ZpxJ-ap-m-Ip-tm Imen\p \ofwIqSpw. kabw Cg-p-\o-p--Xp-t]mse A\p-`-h-s-Spw.kpJ-Zpx-J- Bt]-n-I--fm-Wv. Cu kXyw B[p-\n-I-imkv{Xw ]d-bp--Xn-\p-apt Kpcp ]d-pI-gnp.

Btm-]-tZ-i-i-X-I-hym-Jym-\--fpsS CSbn XnIpwam\y-amb Hcp m\w kzman apm-\ bXn-bpsS a\-\m-hn-jvIm-c-n\v Ah-Im-i-s-Smw. kzman Cu hgn-p {ia- XpS-cp-am-dm-I-s.

G{]n, 2002 tUm. Sn. `mkvIcAtab. Ieq

Btm]tZiiXIw 8

apJ-p-dn

s\mcp IY hmbn-n- p-v. bph-Xz-n-tev Imeq-n-\np-tm-gmWv AXp hmbn-m-\n-S-bm-b-Xv. B

IY hmbn--tm Rm\msI Akz--\m-bn. hon \npwCd-n-\-S-p. ImcWw B IY shdp-samcp IY am{X-am-bn-cp-n-; A-cm--fpsS Hcp Ie-hd Xs-bm-bn-cpp.Ftm-Sp-X-s-bp-ff Hcp-Xcw tNmZyw-sN--em-bn-cpp AXv.B IY Rm \n-tfmSp ]d-bp-I-bm-Wv. Hcp]t, \n-fn ]mIw-h Hcp a\-p-s-n Cu IY \nsf tNmZywsNpw. C{Xbpw \mfpw \n [cn-n-cp s]mbvap-J-]nn-onf-bpw. \n-fpsS Bm-hns imeo-\-ku-ay-X-bn Hcp-thf sNe-h-gn-m-\mbn Dw XpSn-p-t]m-Ipw. C\nIY ]d-b-s........

Hcn- Hcp knwl-pv P\nbvm\n-S-h-Xv HcpBn]--n-em-bn-cp-p. X-knwlw Cc-]n-Sn-m-\mbn HcpIpn\npw FSp-p-Nm-Sn-b-tm \ne-p-hogpIbpwAhn-sS-n-Sp {]k-hn-pI-bp-am-bn-cpp. Ipns\ {]k-hn DSs\ X-knwlw Npt]mbn. B knwl-p-nsIpI Xpd-n- p-t]mepw Dm-bn-cp-n-. A{Xbpw sNdnbIpm-bn-cp-p. Bn-S-b B knwl-Ip-ns\ Bn]---fpsS IqsS Iqn. Bnq- -nse X-bm-Sp-I-fpsS apeIpSnv B knwl-pv hfp hep-Xm-bn. BSp-I Bknw-ls X-sf-tmse Icp-Xn. BSp-I Ic-bp--Xp-t]mse knwlhpw Ic-bpw. BSp-I ]pp Xnp--Xp-t]mseB knwlhpw ]pp-Xnpw. Ah Hcp-anp Ifnp ckn-pw.knwl-ns BIm-c-s-p-dnv BSp-Itm BSp-I-fpsSBIm-c-t -`Z-s-p-dnp knwl-nt\m Hcp kwi-bhpw Dm-bn-cp-n-. As\ Ime- Hcp-]mSp Ign-p-t]m-bn.

Rm

Btm]tZiiXIw 9

Hcn- hr-\mb Hcp knwlw Bn]---fpsS ASp-p-IqsS IS-p-t]m-Im\nS-bm-bn. Atm Bnq- -n- Hcp knwlw Ifn-p-c-kn-p--Xp-Iv hr-\mb knwlwApXw Iqdn. AtXm-sSmw tcmjhpw tXmn. Bnq--nse knwlw BSn-s\-tmse Ic-bp-Xp ImWv B

hrknwlw Ap-X-s- Xv. am{X-a AXv ]pv -Xn-p-IbpwsNp-p. hr-\mb knwls I-tm av BSp-It]Sn-tm-Sm XpS-n. Atm Bn]--nse knwlhpw`b-p-hn-dtmSm XpS-n. hr-\mb knwl-n\v Atmebpw tcmjhpw Hcp-anp hp. Xs Ipe-n\pXsam\-lm\n hcp-n-h-bvp--Xm-Wtm Chs {]hrnFv B hrknwlw Hmp. hr-\mb knwlw Bnq--ns IqsS Hm-Sn-tm-Ip knwl-s-n-Snv _e-ambn

Hcp XSm-I--c-bn-tep sImp-t]m-bn. t]Snp hnd-]qIp-I-tfmsS, Xs shdptX hnS-W-sap ]dv B ]mhwknwlw tIWp-. Fm hr-\mb knwlw, Xs h-n\p hp-tN A]-am-\-I-c-amb A[x-]-X-\s amn-sb-Sp--W-sa \n-b-tm-Sp-IqSn XSm-I--c-bnse kz-amb Pe-n-\-cn-In BSpI-fp-ambn am\-kn-I-Xm-Zmyw]q knwls sImp-t]mbn \ndpn. Fnp Kn-p-sImp ]dp: ""FSm hnUvVn! \o Fs apJ-t-smp t\mq; Fn v B XSm-I-nse Pe-n \ns {]Xn-m-b Hp ImWq.''

XSm-I-nse sXfn Pe-n {]Xn-^-en apJwI-tm s]s -m-bn-cpp ]qhn-I-amb Xs kzXz-ns\nbw Hcp shfn-]m-Sp-t]mse B knwl-n P\n--Xv.Bn]--n-e-I-s knwl-ns Dn\npw AtmHcp K\w AW-s]m- n. B K\w ZnK--sf t`Zn-p apg-ambn-cp-p. AXp hopw hopw Kn-p.B knwlw Xs kzcq-]s Xncn--dn-p. AXns ]qhnIamb kvac-W-I DWp-h-p. hr-\mb knwlw CsX

mw Ip \np-I-bm-bn-cp-p. hr-\mb knwl-ns

Btm]tZiiXIw 10

Imcp-Wy-n\p sImp-knwlw \n ]d-p: ""An-m-bn-cp-

p-sh-n Fs apgp-h Pohn-Xhpw B Bn]--n-s-

IqsS ]pp-Xnp Xpe-p-I-f-tbn-h-cpam-bn-cp-t-t\. As-

\np ]pXn-sbmcp PohnXw Xn-cn-p-p.'' hr-\mb knwlw

sNdnb knwls ap knwl--fpsS ASp-tp sImp-

t]m-bn.

\psS Pohn-Xhpw CXp-t]m-se-bm-Wv. \mw \psS B-

kz-Xzs ad-p-t]m-bn-cn-p-I-bm-Wv. ]e]e XmZm-y--

fm Bn]--n-e-I-s knwl-p-n-s\-tm-se-bmWv

\mw hf-cp--Xv. IpSpw_ambn Pohn-p-t]m-cp \mw ]e-X-c-

n-ep kmaq-ln-Ihpw cmjv{So-bhpw aX-]-c-hp-amb _-

-fmepw _-\--fmepw kzX-kn--amb \psS kzcq]w

ad-p-t]m-bn-cn-p-p. B kzcq-]-ns aln-am-Xn-ibw a\-

n-em-msX sImp-sIm-p- Xp-cp-p-I-fn kzm-amb

PohnXw \bn-p--h-cmWv Gsd-t]-cpw.

am\-h-cm-in-bpsS `qXImew tcmKm-Xp-c-ambncpp. A\m-

tcm-Ky-I-c-am-bn-cp-p. {`m-am-bn-cp-p. Ign cm-bn-cn

Aqdv hj--fn Hcm-bncw bp--sf-nepw am\-h-

cmin sNbvXn-p-v. CXv XnIpw Ahn-iz-k-\o-b-ambn

tXmmw. am\-h-cmin ASn-apSn a\p-jy-Xz-c-ln-X-am-bn-cp-p.

aqV-am-bn-cp-p. kp-Nn-X-amb Bi-b-fpw a\p-jys\ ]e-

Xmbn ]nfpI-bmWv sNbvX-Xv. kaqlw Ah-\n Zpcn-

Xhpw \c-Ihpw krjvSn-p-I-bmWv sNbvXXv. AXn-\m Ah-

s\m-cn-epw t_m[-hm-\m-Im Ign-bp-n. Hcn-epw

]qW-\m-Iphm\pw Ign-bp-n. kZm-Nm-c-ns aqSp-]-S-a-

Wnv GsXmcp hi-s-bmtWm Ah \ntj-[n-p-Xv

B hiw Ah-s\-Xnsc ]I t]mn-sm-n-cn-pp.\mw

ASn--anb hiw AXn-Po-hn-p-hm-\mbn D]m-b-fpw

hngn-Ifpw Xnc-p-sIm-n-cn-pw. AtXmsS \-fmsI bp-

`q-an-bmbn amdpw. A-s\-bm-bn-cpp Ncn-{X-nse apgp-h

am\-h-cminbpw.

Btm]tZiiXIw 11

CXp-hsc \apv bYm a\p-jys\ krjvSn-m-\m-bn- n-. \c-k-am-\-\mb Hcp Pohn-sb-bmWv \mw krjvSn-n- p--Xv.AXv FmwsImpw hnI-e-amb Hcp Pohn-bm-Wv. Ahs\Ahs ]qW-X-bn ]pjv]n-X-\m-Im A\p-h-Zn-n-n-.Ah hyn-Xz-ns ]IpXn-am-{X-am-Wv. ]IpXn Fm-bvtm-gpw Jn\pw ]ncn-ap-dp--ap--h-\p-am-Wv. Ah\v B\-n-p-hm Ign-bp-n-. Hcp ]qW-a\p-jy\p am{Xta B\np-hm Ign-bpI-bp-q. ]qW-\m-Ip--Xnse ]cn-a-f-n\n-mWv BtLmjw kw -`hn-p--Xv.

Iptd-mew kmaq-ln-I-]-cn-an-Xn-I-fn XmZmyw ]qpPohn-tnh Cubp--h\v Bm-hns \nc-Xn-i-b-Z-W-n Fs X\n-a-bp apJw ImWn-p-X alm-Im-cp-Wn-I-\mWv Kpcp \nXy-ssN-X-\y-b-Xn. B Kpcp-hn-eq-sS-bmWv RmFs kzXz-ns C\n-a-bp-ff {]Xew BZy-ambn \pW--Xv. Cu ]pkvXIw Fgp-Xp-tm Fm-hpw Ah-cpsSkzXzs Xncn--dn-bm-\p-ff Im-Sn-bm-bn-cn-Ww CXnseHmtcm hmpw Fv {]m-\m-]qhw A`n-e-jn-p-I-bm-Wv.Cu Amw ]Xn-n Hpan tmI-fpw Bi-b-hn-]p-eo-I-cWw sNbvXnpv. hmb-\-bpsS kpK-aX \jvS-s-Sp-m-sX-bmWv AXv sNbvXn-cn-p--Xv. am{X-a ]pkvX-I-ns Ay-n ]Z-kq-NnI Xm-dmn tNn- p-apv. ske-IvSohv doUnw-Kn\v CXp klm-bn-pw. Cu ]pkvXIw Xm-dm-n-b-Xn-\p-tijw GI-tZiw AXp aWn-q ssZLy-ap Btm-]-tZ-i-i-X-I-nse Hmtcm tmIhpw kqva-X-tbmsS ]cn-tim-[n-p Hcp {]`m-jWw Xe-tbm-e--d-n hp \S-p-I-bp-mbn. AXns sdtmUv sNbvX koUn Xm-dm-bn- p-v. Btm-]-tZ-i-i-X-Is IqSp-X Bg-n Adn-bp-hmB{K-ln-p-hv Chn-sS-\npw AXv e`n-p--Xm-bn-cn-pw.CXns cN-\-bn BZyw klm-bn \nXy-bvpw {]q v^doUv sNbvX i_-cn-bvpw kvt\lm\p-{K- t\cp-p.

Imn-c-awBKv 2014

lrZ-b]qhwkzman apm-\ bXn

Btm]tZiiXIw 12

tm-]-tZ-iiXIw Hcp imkv{X-am-Wv. B imkv{XwB[p-\n-I-imkv{Xw t]msebp Hcp imkv{X-a-.

B\p-` q-Xn-I-m-\-ap Hcp Ejn-bpsS lrm-cn hnfAssZz-X-a-I-c-amW-Xv. AXns\mcp ka-{KXbp-v. ka-{K-Xsbp ]d-bm ImcWw, AXns ]cn-[n-bn hcmHpw-X-s-bn. KW-\-bns]-Sp-Xpw KW-\-bn\npIhn-Xpw Dsm-m t]mcp A\--hn-im-e-XbmWvBtm-]-tZ-i-i-X-I-s ka-{K-am-p--Xv. ]qm--I ]d-p-\-S-p--Xp-Iv IuXp-I-aq-dp Hcp sImp-Ip-nst_m[Xehpw \nhm-W-ns [ym\-hn-lm-b-n A\p-`qXn \pW-psImn-cn-p Hcp tbmKn-bpsS t_m[Xehpw Cu imkv{X-n Htc-t]mse CSw Is-p-p-v.{]Xy--tKm-N-c-amb Cu {]]-hpw KWn-X-im-kv{X-nsImev]-\n-I-amb kqva-X-e-fpw Bym-n-I-X-bpsS A\p-`q-Xn-km-{n-abpw Btm-]-tZ-i-i-X-I-ns hnNm-c-hym-]vXn-bn A`q-X-fm-Wv. hymk\pw \yq-\pw sslk _Kpw IWm-Z-\pw {InkvXphpw \_n-bpw _p\pw FmwBtm-]-tZ-i-km-K-c-nse tXtPm-X-cw-K--fm-Wv.

am{X-a, Btm-]-tZ-i-i-X-I-n\p hy-amsbmcpeyhpw {]Xn-]m-Z-\-co-Xn-bpap-v. CXn Ah-X-cn-n-phnjbw \app ]cn-N-b-an-m--X-. B hnjbw Aym--am-Wv. RmXs-bm-Wv. Rms\p ]d-m ico-csam{Xw ASn-m-\-am-n-bp Rm\-. ico-chpw a\pwBmhpw Hm-bn-cn-p Rm. tkm{I- okpw D]-\n-j-

BB-Zi-\-{]-th-inI

Btm]tZiiXIw 13

nse Ejnbpw Dun-bqnd {]tabw: ""\o \ns-Adn-bp-I. B Adnhv \ns kzX-{-\m-pw.'' As\ RmFs {]ta-b-amn At\z-jWw Bcw-` n-p-tm AXn{]]-s kw_-npw Cuiz-cs\ kw_-npw D]T-\- kzm`m-hn-I-ambn A -`hn-pp.

GsXmcp Pnm-kp-hn\pw At\z-j-W-hp-ambn aptm-p-t]m-Ip-tm aqp tNmZy--sf BXy-n-I-ambn A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-tn hcpw.

1 Cu temIw Fhn-sS-\n-p-mbn?2 Rm BcmWv?3 Fn\p Pohn-Ww?

Cu aqp tNmZy-pw Dcw \Im ]cym-]vX-am-Ip-tmtg Hcp imkv{X-n\v ka-{KX Ah-Im-i-s-Sm Ign-bp-I-bp-q. ChnsS Hmtcm tNmZy-n\pw ap tNmZy--fpsSD-c-sf Is-m-\p D-c-hm-Zn--hpap-v. HmtcmtNmZyhpw imkv{Xo-b-amb hnNm-c-]--Xn-bn-eqsS hnI-kn-X-am-bn-p-v. Hmas tNmZy-n\v Dcw \evIp-Xvkm-im-kv{Xw (ontology). cmatXv m\-im-kv{Xw(epistemology). aqma-tXv aqey-imkv{Xw (axiology). Cuaqp imkv{X--fnepw s]SmsX Hcp imkv{X-n\pw \ne-bp-d-n-m Ign-bn-. Fm Kpcp-hm-Is, Cu aqp imkv{X-tbpw ""{_-hnZy'' (The Science of the Absolute) Fkq -k-a-\z-b-X-{ns ]cn-K-W-bn sImp-h-n-mWv kIe Zmi-\n-I-k-a-ky-I-tfbpw ]cn-l-cn-p--Xv.

Bm-hns\ kw_-n-p Cu imkv{Xs imkvt{Xm-NnX-ambn ]d-p-X-cp imkv{X {io\mcm-b-W-KpcphmWv. -Kpcp Bm-arXw \pI Ejn-h-cy-\m-Wv. ]c-a-]p-cp-jm-amb apnsb kqcy-Xpeyw B-[m-c-bmnamnb alm-a-\o-jn-bp-am-Wv. kzbw -ap--\mb Kpcp am\p-jy-Is apgp-h\pw apn-bn-tep \bn-m-\mWv Btm-]-tZ-i-i-XIw cNn--Xv. Atm apn-bmWv Cu imkv{Xw ]Tn-

Btm]tZiiXIw 14

p--Xns {]tbm-P-\w. Fn \np apn-bmWv?Am-\-n\n-p- apn. ]c-h-i-X-bn\n-papn. ti--fn\n-p apn. Am-\w-sIm-mWv\apv Pohn-Xw _-\w-t]mse tXmp-Xpw ZpxJwsImvNv XIpt]m-Ip--Xpsa-mw. _\w A\p-`-hn-p--XpsIm-mWv Hcmv apn thW-sap tXmp--Xv.apn-bvp-th-n-bmWv Btm-]-tZ-i-i-XIw ]Tn-p-Xv.AXp-sImv Btm-]-tZ-i-i-XIw Hcp tam-im-kv{X-am-Wv._-\-n\n-p tamamWXv. ZpxJ-n \nptamamW-Xv. {]m]-n-I-X-bn\np tamamWXv.

\mw Cu temI-n Pohn-p-tmXs C{n-b--fn-eq-tSbpw a\-n-eq-tSbpw temIhnj-b-sf A\p-` -hn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p-v. C{n-b-smpw a\-p-sImpw _-s-Sp hnj-b- \s _np-p. CjvS-cq-]-nepwA\n-jvS-cq-]-nepw DZm-ko-\-cq-]-nepw \s kzm[o-\n-p-p. temI-n Pohn-p--tXm-sSmwXs \mw CutemI-ns ` mKhpamWv. Fm \psS apn-ep \ma-cq-]m--I-am-b temIs \mw Adn-bp-Xv \n\npwA\y-am-b Hcp hkvXp-t]m-se-bm-Wv. \mw Cu temIsA\p-`-hn-p-Xv, mXm-hmbpw Im-hmbpw t`mm-hmbpw hn -`Pn-Xambm-Wv. \n\n-pw A\y-am-b temIshopwhopw `pPn-p-hm hy{KXsp-sIm-n-cn-pHmWv Poh. Poh Ftmgpw ]q-X-bvp-th-n-bmWv{ian-pXv. Poh PK-n-s\-bmWv AXns XrjvWsbHSp-p-hm-\mbn `pPn-p-sIm-n-cn-p--Xv. As\ PohPK-ns\ XrjvWm-\n-hr-n-mbn `pPnp-tm hopwhopw _-\-n-tep t]mhp-p. Fm t`mK-Xr-jvW-bpsS adp-]p-d-amb sshcmKyw hyn-bn P\n-p-tmCu PohXs PK-n\np apn B{K-ln-p-IbpwsNp-p. Atm B apnv tlXp-hm-bn-mWv Cuiz-c hcp--Xv. Cuiz-c kh-X-{-kz-X-{-\m-Wv. m\-kz-cq-]-\m-Wv. A\--\m-Wv.

Btm]tZiiXIw 15

Cuizc PK-nsbpw Poh-sbpw {kjvSm-hm-Wv.kwlmhpw Cuiz -cXs. krjvSn -Imhpwkwlmhpamb Cuiz-c krjvSn-{]-{Inb F eoesb(play) Poh\neqsS Ah-X-cn-n-p-I-bmWv sNp--Xv. {]]wF \ma-cq-]m--I-eoesb Poh F {]mXn-`m-kn-I-X-bn-eqsS Ah-X-cn-n-p--XmWv BsI PK-ns s]mXp-hm-b Bhn-jvIm-c-X-{w. ChnsS {]]--n\v BXy-n-I-amb \ne-\n-ev]n-. shfnw hcp-tm Ccpfv t]mIp--Xp-t]mse {]]-hpw m\m-K-a-\-tmsS amp-t]m-Ipw.A{]-Xy--am-Ipw.

Poh _-\--\mbn-cn-p-tm B Pohs\ apn-bn-tev B\-bn-p Hcp {]Xn-]m-Z-\-X{-am-bn-cn-Wwimkv{X-n Dm-bn-cn-t-Xv. imkv{X-n\v Ah-ew-_n-m-hp coXo-hn-[m\w (methodology) Pohs\ Btm-p-J-am-n-sb-Sp-pI am{X-am-Wv; As-n Cuiz-tcm-p-J-amnop-IbmWv. GsXm-c-dn-hp-sIm-mtWm \apv CuPKv _\w F-Xp-t]mse tXmn-Xv B Adn-hmWvhnth-I-_p-n. _-Im-c-W-amb PK-ns\ \ncm-I-cn-t-Xv Pohs tam-kn-nv Ah-iyw-th Hcp {]{In-b-bm-Wv. AXn-\p-th hen-sbmcp Adn-hns\ Kpcp ]d-p-X-cn-IbmWv Btm-]-tZ-i-i-X-I-n-eqsS sNp--Xv.

Btm-]-tZ-i-i-X-I-n Kpcp \S-n-bn-cn-p Nn -bmbAh-X-cWw A\ym-Zr-i-sat ]d-bm-s\m-p-I-bp-q. {]Xn-]m-Z-\-nepw `mj-bpsS kqva-amb {]tbm-K-nepw KpcpAh-ew-_n-n-p \njvj Btm-]-tZ-i-i-X-IstemI-an-nIv kmln-Xn-bpsS A{Kn-a-m-\v {]Xn-jvTn-p-p. Hm-a-Xmbn \mw At\z-jn-v Is-t Hcp D-bp-v. AXns\ "Icp' FmWv hnfnp--Xv. Icp {]]-ns-k--bm-Wv. Fp ]d-m, Cu {]]--n\v Imc-W-am-bn-cn-p--Xv Ftm AXmWv Icp. Icp {]]-Imc-W-am-Wv. ]c-aamb -Im-c-Ww. ]c-a-Im-c-W-am-bn-cn-p-Xv -k--bm-Wv. ]c-a-Im-c-W-am-b k \n Is-p-tm AXns\ B-k

Btm]tZiiXIw 16

Fp ]d-bpw. ]c-a-Im-c-W-am-b AXns\ {]m]-n-I-X-bpsS ASn-m-\-am-bdn-bp-tm {_-k Fp ]d-bpw. Atm BZy-ta-Xs k-bm-b Hcp kXys FSpp-Im-Wn-p-p.AXns\ Icp Fp hnfn-ncn-p-p. Icp Imcy-smwImcW-am-Wv. Imcy- \ma-cq-]m--I-amb {]]-w-X-s-bm-Wv.

Icp-hns kz`mhw Adn-hnepw Gdnb Xc-n-ep--Xm-Wv. AXv AIpw ]pdpw Hcpt]mse km-k-am-\y-ambnhn-p-p. AXv Adn-hnepw Gdnb Adn-hm-Wv. sF{n-b-{]m-[m-\y-ap km[m-cW Adn-hn\npw AXoX-am-bHcdn-hm-Wv. Adn-hnepw Gdnb Adn-hmWv Icp-hns\ Adn-bp-tm \appm-Ip--Xv. At\z-j-W-n-eqsS hnI-kn-n-s-Sp-t Hcp-Xcw Am-\-n-eq-sS-bmWv (intuition)CXp km[n-X-am-Ip--Xv. Atm Icp C{n-b-hn-j-b-a-. C{n-b-hn-j-b-am-bn-cn-p--sXms km[m-cW Adn-hm-Wv.

Ip-sIm-p Im-Wp Zrirw km[m-cW Adn-hm-Wv.ImXpsImv tIp i_vZw km[m-cW Adn-hmWv. aqp-sImv aW-p Kw km[m-cW Adn-hm-Wv. \mp-sImvcpNn-p cpNn km[m-cW Adn-hm-Wv. Xzp-sImv kv]in--dn-bp kv]iw km[m-cW Adn-hm-Wv. C\n Cu C{n-bm-\p-` -h-fpsS ASn-m-\-n Nnn--dn-bp-Xpw km[m-cWAdn-hp-X-s-bm-Wv. km[m-cW AdnhpIsms tZi-Im-e-]-cn-an-X-am-b am\w Dm-bn-cnpw. GsXnepw Hcp tZi-p-h-pam-{Xta C{n-b-n\p Hc-dn-hns\ kzoI-cn-m Ign-bp-I-bp-q. AXp-t]m-se-Xs AXn-s\mcp Ime-]-cn-n-]vXnbpw Dm-bn-cn--Ww. AXp-sImv C{n-b-fneqsS Adn-bp Adn-hp-I-sfms ]cn-ta-b--fmWv.

Icp-hm-Is A]-cn-ta-b-am-Wv. Af-m-\m-hm--Xm-Wv. Af-m-\m-hm--Xp-sIm-pXs AXv C{n-b-Zzmcm Adn-bm-hp--Xp-a-. A]-cn-ta-b-amb Hns\ Nn-Ipw Dsm-m-\m-hp-I-bn-. AXp-sImmWv AXns\ Adn-hn-ep-ta-dnb

Btm]tZiiXIw 17

Adn-shp ]d-bp-Xv. Cu Adn-hn-ep-ta-dnb Adn-hm-b Icp-

hns\ F-s\-bmWv \mw Adn-tb--Xv? Htc- k-a-bw-Xs

Cu Icp Adn-bp--hs AI-pw AtX-t]mseXs ]pd-

pamWv nXn-sNp--Xv. kqva-cq-]-n AI-pw

qe-cq-]-n ]pd-pw nXn sNp-p. kqva-cq-]-n

{]hn-p--XmWv a\-v. qe-cq-]-n {]hn-p-

-XmWv ]-` q-XmI-am-b Cu {]]w.

Atm Htc Icp-hn-\p-Xs cp Xc-n {]Xn-`m-

kn-p-hm Ign-bp-p. AXn-emWv Poh Fpw hymtam-

ln-X\m-bn-o-cp--Xv. Hcp Icp qe-ambpw kqva-ambpw

Pohs\ hw Npn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. As\ hcp-tm

\-psS PohnXn\v sXpI ]m\n-S-h-cp-p. GI-amb

Icp-hns\ Adn-bmsX, Icp-hns qe-kq-va--fmb Zznap-

J--sf-bmWv \mw Adn-bp--Xv. Icp-hn kw`-hn-p-sIm-

n-cn-p qehpw kqva-hp-am-b, AIhpw ]pd-hp-am-b

cp hi-sf am{X-amWv Pohn-Xm-\p-` -h--fn\nv \apv

Adn-bp-hm Ign-bp-p-q. AXp-sImv Icp-hns\ Adn-b-

Ww Fv Kpcp Dd-np ]d-bp-p. Icp-hns\ Htc-k-a-bw-

Xs AIpw ]pd-p-an-cn-p k-bm-bn--dn-b-Ww.

AXv Adn-hn-ep-ta-dnb Adn-hm-Wv. Icp Hcp hnj-b-a-. Icp

hnj-bm-Xo-X-t_m[am-Wv. CXmWv Btm-]-tZ-i-i-X-I-

ns {]ta-b-am-bn hcp--Xv. -km[m-cW Adn-hn\npw

AXo-X-am-b Hc-dn-hns\ a\p-jy At\z-jn-p-hm XpS-

p-tXmsS B hyn kXym-t\z-jn-bm-bn-o-cp-p. B

hyn BPnm-kp-hm-bn-o-cp-p.

A-s\-sbmcp kXym-t\zjn Ip-I Apw D-S-n

imkv{Xw hfsc ka-{K-ambn hnNmcw sNbvX-dn-tb--Xp-v.

Ip-I Fp ]d-m- C{nb. -Zr-iy- am{Xw

ImWp In-s\-b ChnsS hnh-n-p--Xv. An-{n-b-

-tfbpw IqSn-bmWv Ip-I Fv Kpcp \ma-I-cWw sNbvXn-

cn-p-Xv. D-S-Wsap ]d-bp-hm ImcWw C{n-b-

Btm]tZiiXIw 18

Ftmgpw ]pdw-tem-I-mWv tap-sIm-n-cn-p--Xv.AXp-sImv ]pdw-tem-I-p\npw C{n-b-a-\-p-Isf D-S--Ww. shdptX _ew {]tbm-Knv \nb{npI F-.BZyw AXn-\p-th-nbmWv Icp-hns nXn-hn-ti-j-s-p-dnv ]d-p-X--Xv. C{n-b--fn hym]-cn-p-sIm-n-cn-p Pothms Icp-hn-tep Xncn--Ww. XmXv]-cy-sf apgp-h B-K-X-{]n-b-am--Ww.

]mm-Xy-X-z-Nn--bn ttmbpw Acn-tm-nepwkam--c-ambn Hgp-In-sm-n-cn-p cp \Zn-I-sf-tm-se-bm-Wv. Ch Xnep _w Kpcp-hn-tXpw injy-t-Xp-am-Wv. Fmepw Zmi-\n-I-amb Hcp ]nWw Chn-S-bn-ep-v. Ncn-{X-n-eqsS Ch Hgp-In-sbm-gpIn cp hmZ-sfkp-jvS-am-n. ttm-bpsS Nn-I-fmWv Bi-b-hm-Z-n-tev (idealism) hgn-am-dn-b-Xv. Acn-tm-n-ens Xz-Nn`uXn-I-hm-Zs (materialism) Icp-n-Sn-n-p. Cu cp hmZ-fpw ]c-kv]cw kwL--\-nhsc Gs-n-p-v. Ctmgpw Gs-Sp-p-v.

]mm-Xy-Nn--bnse AXn-Im-b-m-scp hnti-jn-n-m-hp tUm. tPmkWpw _njv s_nenbpw Hcn-{]`m-X-k-hm-cn-bn Ip-ap- n. s_nen-bm-Is ISp Bi-b-hm-Zn-bm-Wv. temIw Hcp Bi-b-am-sW-mWv s_n-en-bpsShmZw. tUm. tPmk ` uXn-I-hm-Zn-bpw. ImW-s-Sp temI-n-\-p-dv Hcp kXyhpw C F hmZ-amWv ` uXn-I-hm-Zw.Ah kwkm-cnp h-tm AsXmcp X-ambn ]cn-W-an-p. Xw aq-tm tUm. tPmk hensbmcp Is-Spv s_n-en-bpsS Imen t\mn Htcdp sImSp-p. ImepNXv tNmc-sbm-en-m XpS-n. s_nen hmhnp \ne-hn-fn-p. Atmgpw tIm]w AS-msX tUm. tPmktNmZnp: Cu Ipw tNmcbpw Bi-b-amtWm? s_nenIc-p-sIm-p-Xs ]dp: Ipw tNmcbpw Bi-b-am-Wv. ]ns \n Fn-\mWv Ic-bp-Xv? tUm. tPmk tNmZn-p. AXpw Bi-b-am-Wv. s_nen ]d-p.

Btm]tZiiXIw 19

C-s\-bmWv idealism hpw materialismhpw Hcn-epwtNcmsX iWvT-Iq-Sn-sIm-n-cn-p--Xv. B[p-\n-I-imkv{Xamb physics ` uXn-I-hm-Z-ns k--Xn-bm-Wv. Fm Cn-hnsS Ip-h-cp metaphysics BIs Bi-b-hm-Z-n\npw P\n--Xm-Wv. Chbvp cn\pw Hn-n-cn-m Ign-bp HcnSw \S-cm-P-Kp-cp-hmWv hfsc hy-X-tbm-Sp-IqSnimkvt{Xm-Nn-X-ambn ]d-p-X-n-p-f-f-Xv. AXn\p klm-b-I-amb Zmi-\n-I-]n_ew {io\mcm-b-W-Kp-cphns Btm-]-tZ-i-i-X-I-n \npw Zi--\-am-e-bn\n-p-amWv \S-cm-P-Kp-cp-hn\p Inn-b-Xv. Kpcp-tZ-hs Btm-]-tZ-i-i-X-I-nBib-hm-Zhpw ` uXn-I-hm-Zhpw ]nW---fn-m Hcp ` qan-I-bn kwK-an-p-Xv Hmtcm tmI-n-eq-tSbpw IS-p-t]m-Ip-tm \app ImWm-\m-Ipw.

Btm]tZiiXIw 20

Adn-hn-ep-ta-dn-b-dn-n-Sp--h Xpcp-hn-ep-samp ]pd-p-ap-z-enpwIcp-hn\p Ip-I-f-p-ap--S-nscp-sXsc hoWp-h-W-n-tbm-Xn-tS-Ww.

1

I

Adn-n-Sp--h X - Adn-bp--hsDcp-hnepw AIpwHp ]pdpw Xp-eyambn ]pdpwAdn-hnepw Gdn Ipw Nnnpw apw Adn-bm-hp

Adn-hp-I-Xo-X-ambnDz-enpw Icp-hn\v {]Im-in-p B-k-sb

Adn-bp-Xn\mbnIp-I Apw Ap mt\-{n-b--tfbpwD-Sn Bm-` n-ap-J-amnsXcp-sXsc [mc-ap-dn-bm coXn-bnhoWp-h-Wn Kpcp-hn, Icp-hn kan-X-\mbnHmXn-tSWw kzm[ymbw sN-Ww.

cp B-k--bm-Wv. B-k Fm \psS \nXy-amb D Ft A-ap-q. B-k--bmb Icp-hn-

s\-bmWv Adn-tb--Xv. Icp-hns\ Adn-bmsX Cu temI-nIpw tIpw sXmpw \pWpw aWpw Nnnpw Adn-bm-hp Fmw hy-sat ]d-bm-s\m-q. Fs-mIcp-hmWv Fm Adn-hp-Ipw Imc-W-am-bn-cn-p--Xv, FmAdn-hp-Ipw {]Im-i-am-bn-cn-p--Xv, Fm Adn-hp-IpwA-hp-am-bn-cn-p--Xv. ImcWw GI-amWv. Imcy- At\-I-am-Wv. GsXm-n\n-mtWm temIw PmX-am-bXv BHns\bmWv ImcWw F-Xp-sImv hnh-n-p--Xv.khImc-W-am-b Icp-hns\ Adn-m Fmw Adn A\p--`h-am-bn. AsXmcp ]qm-\p-`-h-am-Wv. Ima-\-I Hgn

Btm]tZiiXIw 21

]q-X. kzm-kwXr]vXn-bmWv ]qm-\p-` -h-ns sXfn-a. Icp Htckabw Adn-bp--hs AIpw ]pdpw nXn-sN-p-p. AIv A--c-Wambpw ]pdv F-a hkvXp--fmbpw {]Im-in-p-p. thsdm-c-n ]d-mkqvaw AIpw qew ]qd-pw.

A-s\-bp Icp-hns\ B\p-` q-Xn-I-ambn A\p-` -hn--dn-bmBZy-ambn C{n-b-fnse A`n-c-a-\s Dh-en--Ww. A`n-c-a-\s Icp-hns Zni-bn-tep Xncn-p-hn-S-Ww. hnj-bm-` n-ap-Jambn {]hn-n-cp Adnhv Atm Bm-` n-ap-Jam-bn-o-cpw. CXmWv D-S-pI F {]{In-b. CXv Hcp {]mhiywsNbvXm t]mcm. \nc--c-ambn sN-Ww. Kpcp-hmWv Adn-hns \ntI-X-\w. B-km-m-XvIm-c-n\mbn Kpcp-hn {i-bp-d-n Hcp a\v At\z-j-I-\n A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. Kpcp-hns]mZm-n-I-n hoWp-h-WWsan Al t]mI-Ww.Ffn-a-bpsS hgw hc-Ww. B-km-bp-Py-n-\p A`n-em-jhpw thWw.

a\p-jys Al--bmWv m\-n\p XS-w \np--Xv. AXp-sImv Ffna thWw. sXcp-sXsc hoWphW--Ww. sXcp-sXsc Fp hmv ss\-c-cy-tm-Sp-IqSn FA-n-emWv Kpcp {]tbm-Kn-n-cn-p-Xv. a\p-jy Fhn-sS-bmWv hotg-Xv? Adn-hns apn-em-Wv. ]c-a-amb Adn-hns apn \a-kvI-cn--Ww. Adn-hns aq-cq-]-amWvKpcp. AXp-sImv Kpcp-hns\ hW--Ww. hW-pI FmAl \nmn-X-amb Ah--bn hn-pI. AXn-\p-ti-jw-thWw Cu {Kw a\-\-n\pw hnNm-c-n\pambnF-Sp-phm.

Btm]tZiiXIw 22

Ic-W-hp-an-{n-bhpw Itf-_cw sXmdn-bp-a-t\-I-P-K-p-tamn-semw]c-sh-fn-X-n-ep-b `m\p-am XXncp-hp-cp-hmWp Xnc-p -tX-dn-tS-Ww.

{]

2

]w ]-` q-Xm--I-am-Wv. `qan, shw, Xo, hmbp,BImiw Fn-h-bmWv ]-`q-X-. {]]n\v

Ka-\-kz-` m-h-ap--Xp-sIm-mWv PK-s t]cp-h--Xv. {]]--am-I-s, Fn-bm-sem-Sp-m \ma-cq-]--fm-Wv. \ma-cq-]-sf mt\{n-b--fn-eq-sS-bmWv \mw Adn-bp--Xv. Iv,aqv, \mv, Xzv, sNhn Fn-h-bmWv mt\-{n-b-.Iv ImWp-p. In\v hnj-b-am-bn-cn-p-Xv cq]-am-Wv. cq]w]-` q-X--fn-sem-mb An-bpsS KpW-am-Wv. aqp-sImvaW-p-p. aWw ]rYzn-bpsS KpW-am-Wv. \mhpsImv ckwAdn-bp-p. ckw Pe-ns KpW-am-Wv. Xzv kv]i-t\-{n-b-am-Wv. kv]iw hmbp-hns KpW-am-Wv. sNhn-bn-eq-sS-bmWvtIp--Xv. tIhn BIm-i-ns KpW-am-Wv. ]-` q-X-

Ic-Whpw - A--c-W-fpwC{n-bhpw C{n-b-fpwItf-_cw ico-chpwsXm -dnbpw C{n-b-p hnj-b-am-bAt\-I- P-Kpw \nc-h-[n- \ma-cq-]-fpwHmn a\-\-hn-t[-b-am-p-I-bm-sW-nFmw Fmw]c-sh-fn-X-n Db ]c-a-amb NnZmIm-i-n

DZn-p-\np`m\p-amX B-kq-cysXncp-hp-cp-hmWv ssNX-\y-cq-]-amWv.Xnc-p -tX-dn-tSWw Cmcyw At\zjn-dn-bWw.

Btm]tZiiXIw 23

fpw Cn-b-fpw Xn-ep Cu ]c-kv]-c-_-Xbn\n-mWv {]]m\p-`hw Bhn`-hn-p--Xv. {]ItjW]o-Ir-X-am-bXv, IqSn-t-XmWv {]]-w. ]o-I-cWwFm Ap ` qX-fpw tNtc--]Sn tNcp--Xm-Wv. C{n-b-v X\nsb Adn-bm Ign-bp-I-bn-. A--c-W--fpsS klmbwIqSn Bh-iy-am-Wv. a\-v, Nnw, _pn, Al-mcw Fn-h-bm-Wv A--c-W-. a\-ns kz`mhwkwibw D-bn-p-I-bm-Wv. Fv? FhnsS? Ftm-? Bcv?Fs\? Fn\v? Fo tNmZy--sfmw a\-ns krjvSn-bm-Wv. tNmZy-ns Dcw ]qhm-\p-` -h-n\npw Is--Ww. ]qhm-\p-` -h--fpsS tiJ-c-amWv Nnw. kvarXn-cq-]-nepw hnkvarXncq]-n-ep-amWv Nnw {]hn-p--Xv. Nn-n sXfn kvarXn icntbm sXtm Fp\n-bn-p-Xv _pn-bm-Wv. _pnsb AXp-sImv \n-bm-nIm Fp hnfn-p-p. Al-mcw A`n-am-\n-bm-Wv._pn \n-bn Hns\ X\nbvp thWtam thtbmF {]nbm-{]nbcq]-n-ep {]Xn-I-c-W-amWv Al-m-c-n-t-Xv.

Cs\ Ic-tW-{n-b-I-tf-_-cm-Zn-I-fm \mw A\p-` -hn-p-t]m-cp Cu PK-ns clkyw Adn-bp-hm-\mbn ]pXn-sbmcphnNm-c-co-Xnsb Ah-ew-_n-t-n-bn-cn-p-p. AXv Aap-J-amb a\-\-am-Wv. a\\w sNp-tm kzcq]-amb B-kq-cy Adn-hns AXn-hn-i-Zm-Im-i-n DZn-p-bp-\npA\p-` -h-km-mXvImcw kw -`hn-p-p. ChnsS ]c-shfnkns\ Ipdn-p-Xpw `m\p-am Nnn-s\-p-dn-p--Xp-amb {]Xo-I-i-_vZ--fm-Wv. B Htc-sbmcp B-kq-cys_lp-hn-[-amb kv^ pc-W-fmWv Fn-bm-sem-Sp-m \ma-cq-]m--I-amb Cu {]]w. tXdpI Fm AXm-bn-o-cpI Fm-Wv. B-k-bpw Rm\pw At -`Z-am-sW--dn-bp- A\p-` -h-]qn-a.

Btm]tZiiXIw 24

3shfn-bn-en-cpp hnh-anp ImWpwshfn-ap-X-emb hn`q-Xn-b-p-tammPe-\n-[n-X-n-ep-bnSpw Xcw-Kmhen-b-Xp-t]msebt -`Z-ambv htc-Ww.

B

shfn-bn-en-cpv ]pdncn-p-Xp-t]mse

hnhw Cp ImWpw hnh-cq-]-n

ChnsS ImWsSp

shfn-ap-X-emb BImiw apXembhn`q-Xn-bpw Ap ` qX-tfbpw

Hmm a\-\-hn-t[-b-am-n-bm

Pe-\n-[n-X-n IS-en

Dbn-Spw Bhn`-hnp

Xcw-Km-hen Xnc-I-fpsS \nc

AXp-t]mse F-Xp-t]mseAt -`Z-ambv htcWw At -`Z-ambn A\p`hamI-Ww.

Imiw, hmbp, An, Pew, ]rYn-hn Fn-h-bmWv ]-`q-X-. ]-`q-X-sIm-mWv {]]--n-se

Ipw ]ppw ]pgbpw ]pgphpw am\pw a\p-jy\psa-mw- \nn-X-am-bn- p--Xv. Fp ]d-m, ChnsS hnti-j-cq-]-nhn-p As-n hnhn-[-cq-]-n ImW-sSp Fm-n\pw BZn-a-amb Hcp GI-kbpv; Hcp aqe-Im-cWapv.{]Xy--n t\mp-tm Cu aqe-Im-c-Ws \appImWm Ign-bp-I-bn-. IS-en Xnc-I apd-ap-d-bmbnDbsm-SppXv ImWp-tm IS-en\npw Xnc-Ithsd-bm-sW-p- {]Xo-Xn-bmWv \-fn Dfhm-Ip--Xv.Fm Xnc-am-e-Ipw Imc-W-am-bn-cn-p-Xv IS-em-Wv. IS-en-s kbnemWv Xnc-am-e-I-fpsS At -`ZX Adn-tb--Xv.

Btm]tZiiXIw 25

AXp-t]mse shfn-bn-en-cn-p Fm hnj-b-pw Imc-W-am-bn-cn-p Hcp ]c-sh-fn-bp-v. B ]c-sh-fn-bn As-n NnZm-Im-i-n Fm-n-t\bpw t`Z-a--dn-b-Ww. As\Adn-bp-tm m\w B\p-` q-Xn-I-ambn amdpw.

hnhw F ]Zw kmt-Xn-ImnepXm-Wv.Ib-dn ]mns tXm hnh-am-Wv. ChnsS ]mvHcp bmYmy-a-. {]Xo-Xn-bm-Wv. hnhw {]Xo-Xn-bm-b-Xp-sImv {]mXn-`m-kn-I-am-Wv. Kpcp-Xs ""cp-kz-cq-]-a-dn-bm-Xn-cp-fm hnh-kw \n\-n-enXp cp-hn\n-p-thtdm?'' Fp AssZz-XZo-]n-I-bn tNmZn-p-p-v. {]]-m-\p-` hhpw hnh-cq-]-am-Wv. AXv Bm-hn\nv A\y-a-. Bmhv kXyhpw {]]w {]Xo-Xn-bp-am-Wv.

Fm Kpcp ]d-bp D]-a-bpsS ]m--e-nhnh-n\v hmK-sa-Sp-p--XmWv D-aw. hnhwF hmns Aw hnti-tjW hn-bvp--Xv, \ne-\n-evp--Xv Fm-Wv. Xnc-I IS-en\nv thsd-b-s-nepw \apv Xnc FXv hyXn-cn--amb Hcp hkvXp-hnsA\p-` -h-amWv km-\n-p--Xv. Xnc-bpsS kbpw IS-enskbpw Pe-am-Wv. Pe-ns hoWtIm-Wn-eqsS t\mp-tm ISepw Xncbpw c-. Fm IS Pe-nskmam-\y-k-bpw Xnc hntijk-bp-am-Wv. \nc-h[nhnti-j- tNp-sIm-mWv temIw {]Xn-`m-kn-p--Xv. m\wsImp am{Xta \m\m-Xz-{`aw Df-hm-p hnti-j-sf \ncm-I-cn-m-\m-hq. {]]w Bm-hn\np A\y-a-s--dn-b-Ww. AXmWv B-km-m-Xvm-cw.

Btm]tZiiXIw 26

4Adn-hp-a-dn-n-Sp-ahpw ]pamXdn-hp-sam-cm-Zn-a-l-p-am-{X-am-Ipwhnc-f-X-hnp hnf-p-a--l-madn-hn-e-aXp am{X-am-bn-tS-Ww.

C

Adnhpw Adn-bpI F {]{In-bbpwAdn-nSpw Ahpw Adn-bsSp hnj-bhpw]pamX Adnhpw Adn-bp--h F t_m-[hpwHcp BZn-a-lv Htc-sbmcp BZn-a-amb tPymXnvam{X-amIpw am{X-am-Wv.hnc-fX hnp ]cn-an-Xn-I-fn-msXhnf-pw Pzen-p-\npA-lmw B al-mbAdn-hn Aav B-k--bn hne-bnvAXp-am-{X-am-bn-tS-Ww AsXmp-am-{X-am-bn-o-c-Ww.

{n-b--fn-eqsS Ipw tIpw aWpw cpNnpw sXmpwHs Adn-bmw. Ch {]Xy--m-\--fm-Wv. AtX-

t]mse A-c-W-n-eqsS Nnnpw A\p-am-\npw Adn-bmw. Ah ]tcm--m-\--fm-Wv. {]Xy--]-tcm--m-\--sfmw {]am-W--fm-Wv. Fm Adn-hnepw Adn-bm-\mbnHcp hnj-b-ap-v. hnj-b-s- {]tabw FmWv ]d-bp-I.hnj-bsbm-Wv ChnsS Adn-n-Sp-aw Fp ]d-bp--Xv. ImWp-I, tIpI, Nnn-pI Fn-h-sbmw Adn-sh{]{In-b-bpsS hnhn-[fmb kwth-Z\-fm-Wv. GXp hnj-bs Adn-bp-tmgpw Rm Adn-bp--h FmXrXzw \-n-sems ImWp-p-v. Cu mXrXzwA`-hn-n-cn-p-Xv {]am-Xm-hn-em-Wv. Cs\, Adn-bp--hAdn-bAdn-b-s-Sp hnjbw Ch aqnt\bpwtNmWv thZm-n-I {Xn]pSn Fp hnfnp-Xv. {]am-

Btm]tZiiXIw 27

Xm-hv, {]am-Ww, {]tabw Ch aqpw Hcp ]qhnse aqv CX-fp-I t]mse-bm-Wv. aqn-X-fp-I Hcp ]qhn kaRvP-k-ambn hn\y-kn-n-cn-p--Xp-t]m-se-bmWv Hcp hnj-b-m-\-n {]am-Xmhpw {]am-Whpw {]ta-bhpw Hn-n-cn-p--Xv. {]am-Xm-hn\v {]ta-b-an-msX Adn-bm-\m-hp-I-bn-. {]ta-bs Adn-b-W-sa-n GsX-nepw Hcp {]am-Ws B{i-bnt ]q. ChnsS {]am-Xmhv hyn-K-X-amb Al-m-c-am-Wv. {]tabw ]-`q-Xm--I-amb {]XytemIhpw A-I-c-W-hr-n-I-fn-en-cn-p ]tcm--tem-I-hp-am-Wv. Am-\nbmb Poh\v ico-c-Xm-Zmyw Dm-Ip-tmgmWv C-s\-{Xn]p-So-t -`Z-tm-sS-bp- Adn-hp-m-Ip--Xv.

Fm mt\mZ-bn Htc-sbmcp BZn-a-m-\-ns aqp ]ncn-hp-I am{X-amWv {Xn]p-So-t`-Z--sfv\app t_m[y-am-Ipw. t_m[n-hr--p-h- nhv {io_p-sAIta hnf-n-bXv Cu t_m[y-am-Wv. acp-Xzm-a-e-bn ]n-Sw Kpl-bnhv {io\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp-hns AI-a-e-cnepwCu t_mt[m-Z-b-amWv kw -`hn--Xv. BZn-a-tPymXn-ns AXn-cp-I-fn-m \nd-p-I-hn-b. Cu BZn-a-l-m-Is kh{X\nd-p-hn-e-kp B-k Xs-bm-Wv. khhym-]-I-XbmWv B-k--bpsS kz`m-hw. AsX-tmgpw {]Im-inp-sIm-n-cn-pw. al-m-b Cu BZn-a-m-\-n Aenv,

AXp-am-{X-ambnocp--XmWv ]c-a-amb B\-w.

Btm]tZiiXIw 28

5

De-I km[m-cW P\-

Dd-n- DdpIbpw

DWv DW-cp-Ibpw

Nn-sNpw ]eXpw ]e-]e Nn-I-fpw sNpp.

CsXm-sbpw Cu at\m-hym-]mc-sf

Dp-]mp-\npw Dp-t\m-n-sm-n-cn-p

hne-a-Xn-bmX hnfv Aaq-ey-amb B-Zo-]am-Is

DZn-bpw DZn-p-Ibpw

]ns]m-en-Ibpw C ]ns AWbp-Ibpw sNp-n-.

CXpIp t]mbn-tSWw Cu B-Zo-]w IpPohnWw.

[m-cW a\p-jy-cpsS PohnXw t\mq. Ddw, DWhvFo cp {[ph-n-S-bnemWv AhcpsS PohnXw

]e-]-e- hym-]m-c--fn-eqsS Dub-emSn Ifn-p-Xv. F{X-sb{XNn-I-fmWv Ah-pf-f-Xv? F{X-sb{X kz]v\-fmWvAhp-Xv? cmhnse Ip Xpd-m hnNm-c--fpsSthen-tbw Ah-cpsS a\-n-tev IS-p-h-cpw. IpSpw-_-{]-iv\-fpw sXmgncw-Ks {]iv\-fpw Ipn-I-fpsS hnZym-`ym-k-{]-iv\-fpw hr-cmb A-\--am-sc-p-dn-p BIp-e-X-Ifpw IS-_m-[y-X-Isf Hmp D-WvT-Ifpw Ch-bn\n-smw Hcn- tamN-\-ap-m-Ipsa {]Xym-ibpwFmw Hcp hyn-bpsS a\-n-eqsS amdn-amdn IS-p-s]m-bvsIm-n-cn-p-p-v. a\v A-s\-bm-Wv. AXn\p shdp-sX-bn-cn-m Adn-p-Iq-Sm. Nn-I-tfmSv XmZm-y-s-Sp-Xv

De-I-cp-d-n-bp-Wp Nn sNpw]e-Xp-an-sXm-s-bp-ap-p- ]mp\npwhne-a-Xn-bmX hnf-p-Zn-bpw ]ns]men-I-bp-an-nXp Ip t]mbn-tS-Ww.

km

Btm]tZiiXIw 29

Pohs Hcp {]am-Z-am-Wv. B {]am-Zs Xncp-p-hm\mWvKpcp D]-tZ-i-cq-]-n ChnsS samgn-bp--Xv. \o Nntbmat\m-hym-]m-c-tfm Hp-a-. \o tIhew kmn-ssN-X-\y-am-Wv. kmn-ssN-X\yw Hcp hnf-p-t]m-se-bm-Wv. Bhnf-n-s\mcp Ip-v. AXp shdptX ImWp-Itbbpq.Nn-I-fp-ambn XmZm-y-sp hne-]n-p-I-bn-. Bm-Z-n-eq-tSbpw bmX-\-bn-eq-tSbpw ISpt]mIp- Poh\v Znim-t_m[w Dm-n-sm-Sp-p hen-sbm-c-dn-hmWv Kpcp \apvXcp--Xv. DZ-bm-kvX-a-b-n-msX {]Im-in-p-sIm-n-cn-pHcp Iv Fm-h-cp-sSbpw Dns Dn-ep-v. \S-cm-P-Kp-cp-hn\v Cu Iv dialectical eye Bbn-cp-p. inh-` --mvCXv inhs aqmw-I-m-Wv. Zmi-\n-I-mv CXv D-m-Wv. ]t, A-s\-sbmcp Iv Fm-n-t\bpw Ip-sIm-n-cn-p--Xmbn Bcpw Adn-bm-dn-. AXp-sIm-mWv KpcpCXp-I-p-t]m-bn-tSWw Fp ]d-bp--Xv.

Aaq-ey-amb Hcp hnf-n-t\m-SmWv Cu Ins\ Kpcp D]-an-n-cn-p--Xv. B hnfv A\m-Zn-bmb Zo]-am-Wv. A\--ambn In-sm-n-cn-p-XmWv. GsX-nepw Hcp ImevHcm In-p-h-- hnf--n-Xv. In--Xm-sW-n C\wXom AXp sIp-t]m-Ip-sa-p-d-m-Wv. Fm AXv sIp-t]m-hp-I-bn-. sISm-hn-f-m-Wn-Xv. a\p-jys \nc-I-ambPohn-Xs km-I-amn Xom\mWv Kpcp Cu D]-tZiwAcp-fp--Xv. FmWv Pohn-X-ns Aw F tNmZyw\n-fn C\n DW-cp-tm B tNmZy-ns Dcw CXm-Wv: Cu hne-a-XnbmX hnf-ns\ Ip-t]m-bn-tS-Ww. shdp-sX-bv ImWm-s\m-p-I-bn-. AXp-sImv AXn-tev{inp t\mp-I-Xs thWw. t\m-W-sa-n t_m[-]qh-amb {iaw At\z-j-Is `mK-p-\npw Dm-I-Ww.CXn-s- Aw \o \ns-s Adnv Pohn-WwFm-Wv. \o Xs-bmWv Cu temI-n-s hnf-m-bn-cn-p--Xv F-dn-b-Ww. Cu Adnhv m\m-ar-X-am-Wv.

Btm]tZiiXIw 30

6DW-c-W-an-n-bp-d-Ww `pPn-oSW-a-i\w ]pW-tc-W-sa-n-h-wAW-bp-a-t\-I-hn-Iev]-am-I-bmemcpW-cp-h-Xp-smcp \nhn-Im-c-cq-]w?

km

DW-cWw DW-cWwC\n Dd-Ww ]ns Dd--Ww`pPn-o-S-Ww A-i\w `Ww Ign--Ww]pW-tcWw C-W-tN-cWwFn-hw C-c-n-ep-At\Ihn-Iev]w ]e-X-c-n a\-ns\ N-en-n-

p-sIm-n-cn-p XmXv]-cy-AWbpw \s hen-n-gbvpw.BI-bm Cm-c-W-mHcp \nhn-Im-c-cq]w am-an-m Bk-XysBcv DW-cp-h-Xp-Xv? Bcpw ]q-ambn DW-dn-bp-

n--tm?

[m-cW a\p-jys XmXv]-cy- W-{]-`m-N--e--fm-Wv. Aev]-t\cw am{Xw \ne-\nv sIp-t]m-Ip-

-h-bm-Wv. Dd--n\npw DWsWo-p AhCjvS-ap- t`mPy- Isn hmcnhenp Xnp-p.A\--amb t`mPy--fp Hcp Xota-i-bpsS apn-emWv\ Ccn-p--Xv. {]]w Hcp Xotai-bm-Wv. Xo\nepwIpSn-bn-ep-ap Aan-X-t`m-K-{]n-b-X-sImv Pohn-X-ns Dt-iy-e-y- \mw ad-p-t]m-Ip-p. \mhns cpNn am{X-a\apv Bk-nsb P\n-n-p--Xv. kh C{n-b-pwAX-Xns hnj-b-sf `pPn-m\p sImXn-bp-v. AwIgnv hbdp \nd-bp-tm Ah\v CWsb hmcn-p-W-cW-sap tXmpw. Aw Aan-X-ambn Ign-p-tm AXv cP-

Btm]tZiiXIw 31

ns\ Dev]m-Zn-n-p-p. ctPm-KpWw en_n-tUm-bm-Wv,ctXym-am-Wv. D]-t`m-K-kw-kvImcw hn- kmaq-ln-I-X-bn _em-w-Khpw kzhK-c-Xnbpw cXn-ssh-Ir-X-fpws]cp-Ip-Xv kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. cXn Du--bs hcp-p--Xm-Wv. cXn-{Io-U-I Ign-bp-tm a\p-jy oWn-p-p. oWn-X-\mb a\pjy Dd-s Ah-ew-_n-p-p. DWhv, Aw, cXn, Ddw Cs\ amdnamdnhcpXmXv]-cy--sf-bmWv hnIev] Fp ]d-bp--Xv. HcpZnh-k-s Pohn-X-nXs \psS a\v Htsd {`m-amb B{Klp ]nmse ]mp-t]m-Ip-Xp ImWm-dp-v. Fn-\m-Wv a\v hnhn[ hnj-b--fn-tev ]mp-sIm-n-cnp-Xv?

Bcpw AXn-s\-p-dnv Nnn-m-dn-. Cu Xnc-n-\n-S-bnPohn-X-ns bYm eyw \mw ad-p-t]m-Ip-p. \nhn-Im-c-amb kzm-k-sb \mw ad-p-t]m-Ip-p. temI-hn-j-b--fn-tev DWn-cn-p--Xp-sImv B-kz-cq-]-n-tev DW-cp-hm Ign-bp-n-. temI-hn-j-b--fn- Dd-p-Ibpw B-k--bn DW-cp-Ibpw thWw. Kpcp-hns CuD]-tZiw tIp-tm-sg-nepw \psS Dn B DWhvDm-I-Ww. BcpwXs Fp-sIm-mWv Cu B-k-sbAdn-bm-Xn-cn-p-Xv F Hcp- ]-cn-tZ-h-\-kzcw Cu tmI-n [z\n-p-p-v. AXp-sImv Bm-hns\ Adn-bp-hmthn Pohn-Xs \mw hn\n-tbm-Kn--Ww. AXmWvKpcp \app Xcp D]-tZ-iw...-..B-tm-]-tZ-iw.

Btm]tZiiXIw 32

7DW-c-cp-Xnnbpd-n-Sm-Xn-cp-oSW-a-dn-hm-bn-Xn-\n--tbm-Ky-s\-m{]W-h-ap-Wp ]nd-sm-gnp hmgpwap\n-P-\-tk-h-bn aqn \nn-tS-Ww.

A

DW-c-cpXv C\n hnj-b--fn-tev C\n DW-c-cp-Xv.

Dd-n-SmsX Ccp-o-SWw B-t_m-[-n\npw hyXn-N-

en-p-t]m-ImsX Ccn--Ww.Adn-hmbv Rm Adn-hm-sWv Adn-b-Ww.

CXn\v Cv B-\n-jvT-\m-bn-cn-p--Xn\v

Atbm-Ky Fm tbmKy\sp hcn-I-bmsWn

{]Whw DWv B-t_m[w Dn-ep-Wv

]nd-sm-gnv hmgpw P\-\-a-c-W--fpsS Nm{In-I-X

bn\npw ap-\mbncn-pap\n-P-\-tk-h-bn Hcp Kpcp-hns\ tkhn-p--Xnepw

{]km-Zn-n-p--Xnepwaqn \nn-tSWw apgp-h {i-tbbpw GtIm-]n-

np \ndp-Ww.

Sp hon Fhn-sS-sb-nepw ]e-lm-c- Nps -Sp-p aWw aq-n-e-Sn-m Adn-bmsX a\p ]dbpw:

Fhn-sS-\n-mWv tZmi-bpsS aWw hcp-Xv? Hcp tZmiF\npw Inn-bn-cp-s-n \ kzmtZmsS Ign-m-am-bn-cp-p. Atm hmbn Dan-\o Dudn-qSpw. tZmi-hn-Nmcw\psS a\-ns kz-K-Xnbvv hnLv\w hcp-n. F{Xs]s -mWv \ {]tem-` -\-v hiw-h-Z-cm-Ip-Xv. Nq-ens sImfp-n an-csb sImcp-n v ao]n-Sn-m-c ays {]tem-`n-n-p--Xp-t]m-se-bmWv {]IrXn\psS apn-tev hnj-b-sf Fdn-np Xcp-Xv. hnj-b--sf-b \mw BXy-n-I-ambn Adn-tb-Xv; \ss-

Btm]tZiiXIw 33

bm-Wv. AXn-\mWv Kpcp Dun--d-bp--Xv: DW-c-cp-Xn-\n Fv.CXn-\w Gsd-t\cw InS-p-d-Ww F-. temI-hn-j-b--fn-tev a\v Bk--am-I-cp-sX-m-Wv. AtX-t]m-se-Xs thsdmcp sXv kw -`hn-p-Xv, B-n-X-\mb \mwBm-hnemWv Xs nXn F Imcyw ad-p-t]m-IpXmWv. Xm Bm-hm-sW Imcyw ad-m AsXmcpDd--am-Wv. AXp-sImv Dd-msX Adn-hmbn, Bm-hmbnCcn--Ww. {io\mcm-b-W-Kp-cp-hns\ kw_-n-n-S-tmfwAdnhpw Bmhpw Hp-X-s-bm-Wv. Fm-hpw Cs\B-\njvT Inn-sbp hcn-. hopw hopw HmtcmtcmtemI-Im-cy-n-tev a\p hgp-Xn-tm-Ipw.

CXv hyn-K-X-amb Hcp Atbm-Ky-X-bm-Wv. Cu Atbm-Ky-Xsb Xncn--dn-b-Ww. Fmte t]mwh-gn-bp-q. kzbtakz-\m-Im ]p-n-s-n Hcp Kpcp-hns\ kao-]n--Ww.B Kpcp-hm-Is A-cm-m-hn \mZm-\p-` qXn DpsImncn-p-- alm-mhm-Wv. Kpcp-hns cp eW- ChnsSFSpp ]d-bp-p-v. {]W-h-ap-W-h Fpw ]nd-sm-gn--h Fpw. ]nd-sm-gn-bp-Xv m\w-sImv P\n-arXn-bm-Ip kwkm-c-N-{I-n\nv ]pdp IS-p-tm-gm-Wv. {]Whw Pohn-Xs A\--ambn \ho-I-cn-pXz-am-Wv. apWvU-tIm-]-\n-jv ]d-bp-Xv ""XXv hnm-\mw k Kpcp-tah A`n-K-tXv t{im{Xnbw {_-\njvTw.''t{im{Xn-b\pw {_-\n-jvT-\p-amb Hcp Kpcp-hn-s\-Xs kao-]n--Ww. t{im{Xn-b\pw {_-\n-jvT\pw HcmX-s. {ipXn{]W-h-am-Wv. {]W-h-ap-W Kpcp-hn-s\--s Is--Ww. B Kpcp-hns\ tkhnv apgp-h {ibpw hnizm-khpwKpcp-hn Anv Pohn--Ww. Iptd-\m Ign-bp-tmhyn-bnse Zphm-k-\-I-sfmw bn-pw. kZv-hmk-\-I]pjvSn{]m]n-pw. shfn--ns kmn-y-n Ccp-n\vm\-an-tm. Atm B-m-\-n-\p AlXssIh-cpw.

Btm]tZiiXIw 34

sXmcp D]-a-bm-Wv. Poh t`mKy-hn-izs A\p-`-hn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-Xv Av C-{n-b--fn-eq-sS-bm-Wv. Hfn

Fm shfn--am-Wv. shfn--ap--Xp-sIm-mWv \mw cq]hpw\ndhpw ImWp--Xv. cq]w ]-hn-j-b--fn BZy-t-Xm-Wv. i_vZ-w, kv]iw, -cq-]w, -c-kw, -K-w Fn-h-bmWv ]-hn-j-b-. Ch Fm-n-t\bpw {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-p {]tbm-K-amWv Hfn apX-emw ]gw. Av C{n-b--sf-bmWv ApInfn-I-fmbn D]-an-n-cn-p--Xv. Infn-I t`mK-{]n-b-cm-Wv. ]gwBkzm-Zy-a-[p-cn-asb [z\n-n-p-p. hr-ns Nn-I-fn\npw Nn-I-fn-tev NmmSn, Hmtcmtcm ]g-w sImn-t\mn cknp Infn-I-sf-tm-se-bmWv \psS C{n-b- {]hn-p--Xv. ico-cs Hcp \mdp \fn-I-tbm-

Hfn apXemw Ins hnj-b-amb cq]w XpS-nb

]gw Apw hnj-b--fm-Ip Ap ]g-fpw

Dv `pPnv As-n A\p-`-hnv

\mdpw \fn-I-bn Gdn \mdp ico-c-n hknv

\tb\ amdn-bmSpw CjvSm-\p-kmcw hnj-bfn

amdnamdn can-pInfn-Isf Apw mt\{n-b--fmIp Ap

Infn-I-tfbpwAcnp Iogva-dnpw AmsS hcp-Xn-bn hcp-pshfn-hpcp Gn hnthIkz-cq]s {]m]nvAIw A-cm-mhnhnf-n-tSWw DWp hn--Ww.

8Hfn- ap-Xemw ]g-a-p-app \mdpw\fn-I-bn-tedn \tb\ amdn-bmSpwInfn-I-sf-b-p-a-cnp Iogva-dnpwshfn-hp-cp-th-n-bIw hnf-n-tS-Ww.

C

Btm]tZiiXIw 35

SmWv D]-an-n-cn-p--Xv. \fn-I-bpsS Aw Dp s]m-bmb Ipg Fm-Wv. \psS icochpw Dp-s]m--bmbHcp Ipg t]mse-bmWv. B ico-c-n-em-Is ZpKw han-p hkvXp- Ipan-p IqSn-bn-cn-p-p. ico-c-nepXp-t]m-se-Xs a\pw Hcp amen-\y-q-m-c-am-Wv. AXvt`mK-em-e-k--tbmsS temIs `pPn--Xns ^e-am-bn- m-Wv.\psS icocw D]t`mKm-\-cw hcp aen-\y-sf Iqn-bn-Sp Xmhf-am-Im ]mSn-. amen-\y-- Atm \owsN-Ww. ico-c-nse amen-\y- \ow sNm \mw{ian-p--Xp-t]mse {]m[m-\y-ap--XmWv at\m-am-en-\y--fpsS\nm-\-hpw. am\-k-{]-m-f-\-n\v Ghpw AXym-h-iy-amb HmWv hnth-Iw.

shfn-hpcp GpI FXv hnth-Is kamn-pIF A-n-emWv Kpcp {]tbm-Kn-n-cn-p--Xv. amen-\y--fmWv \fn-Isb \m-ap--Xm-p--Xv. Imahpw t{Im[hpwAkq-bbpw Al-m-chpw [mjvSyhpw Fmw amen-\y--fm-Wv. Rm ico-c-am-sW-p-ff sXp[mc-W-bn\nmWv,C{n-b-fm-Ip Infn-I t`mKy-hn-iz-n\p ]nmse ]mdn-]-d-p--Xv. Hcp th-m-c H shSnbvv Infn-Isf Xmsg-hogvp-Xp-t]mse, \fpw hnth-I-am-Ip kzcq-]-tanC{n-b-fpsS Bnsb Acnp Iogva-dn--Ww.Acnp Iogva-dn-pI F ]Z-{]-tbm-K-n I-iambDd Xocp-am-\-ap-m-I-W-sa-mWv Kpcp \njvjn-p--Xv. km[-Is Ag-Ip-g- kao-]\w kao-No-\-a. Fmte ]q-amb B-km-m-XvImcw km[n-p-I-bp-p.

Btm]tZiiXIw 36

sXmcp Nn{X-` m-j-bm-Wv (picture language). C-s\-bp-tmI-v Hcp _mlymhpw thsdmcp A-

cmhpw ImWpw.- H t\m-n Hcp ac-n Nph-nX]p sNp Hcp kym-kn-bpsS Nn{X-amWv \psSat\m-ap-Ip-c-n Apcn-p-I. X]p sNbvXp hmgpw \cF {]tbmKw Aap-J-ambn Bm-hn-e-a-cp Hcp tbmKn-bpsS \ne-sb-bmWv Hmn-n-p--Xv. cp hn-I hvacs s]mXn-n-cn-p-p. hn-I ac-n\npw A\y-a-. ac-nsXs `mK-am-Wv. Cu acw km[m-cW ac-a-.CXp ambm-a-c-am-Wv. amb-bpsS cp in-I-fmWv Bh-c-Whpw hnt-]-hpw. B cp in-I, cp hn-I-sf-tmse Bm-hns kzcq-]s ad-p-I-f-bpw. Bh-cWwhyn-bnse kpjp-]vXy-h-bpw hnt]w Pm{K-Z-h--

Ccp-]p-dhpw cp ]pdhpwhcp-amdv Ahsb s]mXnp\np hn[n]q Hcp sImSn ]pjv]np \np Hcp

Imp-hn IWshp ]Sv Dbv hfv tatev ]-envtahpw nXn sNpXcp-hn-\-Snv ac-ns Nph-nX]p sNbvXp hmgpw X]v A\p-jvTnp Ign-bp\c\v a\p-jy\vhcm \cIw \cIw Dm-hp-I-bn- Fp\n\-n-tSWw t_m[y-spsIm-Ww.

Ccp-]p-dhpw hcp-am-d-h--sb-qsmcp sImSnhp ]Sp-bptahpwXcp-hn-\-Snp X]psNbvXp hmgpw\c\p hcm \cIw \n\-n-tS-Ww.

9

C

Btm]tZiiXIw 37

bp-am-Wv. Dd--n\pw DWhn\pw CS-bn Pohn-Xm-\p-` -h- ]Sp ]-en-p-tm ambm-e-X- Xop hn{`m-a-I-amb {]]w \psS apn A\m-cWw sN-s-Sp-p.

Fm [ym\-ns Dsh-fn-hn ambm-h-n-Ip]nnse B-kz-cq-]s AII-p-sImp ImWp Xm]-kt{i-jvT\v PohnXw Hcn-epw ZpxJ-`q-bn-jvT-am-bn-cn-p-I-bn-. AXp-sIm-mWv Kpcp ]d-bp-Xv, [ym\-\n-c-X-\mb\c\v Hcn-epw \cIw hcn-I-bn-s-v. \cIw Fm ZpxJ-ns Xo{hX Ft A-ap-p. \cIXp-ey-amb Pohn-X-n\nv Ic-I-b-dpXn\v X]v AXy-m-t]-n-X-am-Wv. X]v F hmn\v C{n-b-a-t\m-kw-b-a\w FAw FSp-m aXn. Pohn-X-n\v Ah-t_m-[-X-e-n-ep Hcp ISn-m- Bh-iy-am-Wv. Ima-ns Iq-c-mb a\-ns\ Ib-dqcn hnSp Pohn-X-n-t\m-SmWv km[m-c-W-m-c\v {]nbw. Fm Hcp kZv-Kp-cp-hns kao-]-n-cpv tam-im-kv{Xw tIm-\nShcp-tm Nn-ipnhcn-Ibpw X]v Hcp-hs PohnXs Xmt\ Bt-jn-p-Ibpw sNpp. \nb-{-W- ASn-t-ev]n-t--h-b-.kzta-[bm hcn-t--Xm-Wv. Xm]- X]-n A`n-c-an-p--h-\m-Wv. tin-p--h-\-. kz--Wn-m-ckzs NqSmn AXn\npw amen-\y-sf ths-Sp-p--Xp-t]mse Xs-bmWv Xm]- at\m-am-en-\y-sfB-Xm]wsImv Dcp-n-b-I-p--Xv. ChnsS X]v Hcpcmk-Xz-c-I-amWv. B-m-\-n-tev hynsb AXn-thKw ASp-n-p cmk-Xz-c-Iw. CXneqsS m\m-\p-k-m-\-th-f-bn X]-ns A\n-hm-cy-Xsb Kpcp Dun--d-bp-bmWv sNp--Xv.

Btm]tZiiXIw 38

10""Ccp-fn-en-cn--h-\mcv? sNmI \o''sbsmcp-h-\p-c--Xp-tIp Xm\p-tahwAdn-h-Xn-\m-b-h-t\mSp \obp-am-sc cp-fp-an-Xn {]Xn-hm-Iy-ta-I-am-Ipw.

Ccp-fn - Ccp- nCcn--h Bcv? Ccn-p \o BcmWv?sNmI \o \o shfn-s-SpqFv Hcp-h Fv Hcp-hDc-Xv tIv tNmZn-p-Xv tIn vXm\pw Ghw A{]Imcw Ccp-fnen-cn-p--h\pwAdn-h-Xn-\mbn BcmWv F--dn-bm-\mbnAh-t\mSv tNmZyw tNmZn--h-t\mSv\obpw Bcv \obpw BcmWv?Fv Acpfpw Fv Xncnpw tNmZn-pw.CXn {]Xn-hmIyw Ch-cpsS cp-t]-cp-tSbpw

tNmZy-p- DcwGI-amIpw HpX-s-bm-bn-cnpw.

m-hns A\n-tj-[y-amb Dsb X-an-m coXn-bn Ah-X-cn-n-p Hcp ]co--W-amWv {io\mcm-bW-

Kpcp \app ImWn-p-X-cp--Xv. \ Ccp- p- apdn-bn-tev HcmISp hcp-p. B apdn-bn Hcm Ccn-p-p-v. IS-p-h-cpBv apdn-bn Btcm Ds tXm Df-hm-b-tm tNmZn-p-I-bm-Wv: ""BcmWv Ccp- v Ccn-p-Xv?'' Atm Ccp- vCcn-p B D-cw ]dbpp: ""Rm.'' Ccp- -n-cn-pB IS-p-h-cp Bfn-t\mSp Hcp adp-tNmZyw tNmZn-p: ""\oBcmWv?'' Atm Abm ]d-p: -""Rm.'' cp-t]-cp-tSbpwDcw -""Rm'' FpXs. Cu cp hyn-I-fnepw Ccn-p-""Rm'' F kv hyXym-k-aptm? Ah-[m-\-]qhw

B

Btm]tZiiXIw 39

Xncp a\-n-em-p-I-bm-sW-n Htc-sbmcp kXs-bmWvF-m-h-cnepw -""Rm'' F t_m[s Df-hm-p--sXvImWm-hp--Xm-Wv.

ca-W-a-ljn-tbmSv Hcm tNmZn-p: Rm Bcm? aljn]dp: ""qe-i-co-c-a Rm, ]-hn-j-b--f Rm.]mt\n-b--f Rm. ]-It-{n-b--fRm. ]-{]m-W--f Rm, a\pw Rm\-. Am-\hpw Rm\-.''""Ch-sbmpw Rm As-n ]ns Rm Bcm?''''HSp-hn Xp-hm Xc-an-msX X\nsb tijn-p"Adnhv' BIpp Rm.''

hfsc \mS-Io-b-ambmWv Kpcphpw Cu kw`m-j-W-i-IewNn{Xo-I-cn-n-cn-p--Xv. Ccpfnen-cn-p hynbpw ISphcp hynbpw ]c-kv]cw ImWp-n-. Ccp- ns ]m--es Kpcp ChnsS sImp-h-Xv Ip-sIm-p Adn-hns\ \ntj-[n-m-\m-Wv. Fm cp-t]cpw Ah-c-h-sc-p-dnv shfn-s-Sp-p Adnhv kzw t]tcm ap A\p-_--amb hnh-c-tfm A. ""Rm'' F i_vZ-am-Wv. BcmWvCu Rm? \apv qem-\p-` -h--fpsS klm-b-an-m-sX-Xst_m[y-ap Imcy-amWv ""Rm'' Ds hkvXp-X. cphyn-I \S-p Cu tNmtZym--c--fn\nv A]cn-NnX-a-m kml-N-cyn-emWv Cu kw`m-jWw \S-p-XvFv sXfn-bp-p. Ah-cpsS Dcw ""Rm'' F H-hm-n-tev Npcp-n-bXv AXp-sIm-m-Wv. ico-c-n-tbpw a\-n-tbpw D]m-[n-k--n\npw hyXn-cn--amb Cu""Rm'' Ghpw kzbta Adn-bm-hp k-bm-Wv. AXvA\p-` -h-n BZy-t-Xm-Wv. Rm Dv F A\p-` -h-n\p tij-amWv \apv ap _mlyhpw A`y--c-hp-ambA\p-`h- Dm-hp-Xv. Rm Dv Fp ]d-bp--Xp-Xs Hcp Bh-\-am-Wv. D-X-s-bmWv bYm-nRm. ASp ]Zy-n Rm Bsc tNmZy-n\v IqSp-X hni-Zo-I-cWw Kpcp \Ip-p.

Btm]tZiiXIw 40

11Al-a-l-sa--cp-fp--sXm-s-bm-cmbpIn-e-Ita ]e-X--tX-I-amIpwAI-ep-a-l--b-t\-I-am-I-bm-eoXpI-bn-elws]mcpfpw XpSn-Sp-p.

Alw Alw Fv Rm Rm FvAcp-fp--sXms \mw ]d-bp-Xv FmwBcm-bp-In Xncp a\-n-em-p-I-bm-sW-nAIta ]e-X Dkmc-n shth-sd-b-,GI-amIpw Hp-X-s-bmWv.AIepw Fnse Rm thsd, Ah-\nse

Rm thsd F Xc-n-ep-Al Rm F ` mhwAt\Iw BI-bm At\-I-amsW-nepwCu XpI-bn Rm, Rm F ` mh--fp-sS-

Fmw kmcw Hm-sW Xc-nAlws]mcpfpw ]c-am-n- s]mcpfmb RmXpSn-Spp B[m-c-k-Xy-ambn \ne-sIm-p-p.

m a\p-jycpw Ah-c-hsc kw_-n-p Imcy-]d-bp-tm Rm FmWv ]d-bm-dv. F{X Bfp-I

Dm-bmepw Ah-sc-m-hcpw Rm FmWv Ahch-sc-p-dnp ]d-bp--Xv. Ign tmI-n \S-nb ]co--W-ns ASn-m-\-n Fm-h-cn-ep-an-cn-p RmHp-X-s-bmWv Fv ]co-nv Adn-p-I-gn-p. {ih-Ww, a\-\w, \nZn-[ym-k-\w Ch aqpw tNp- Hc-t\z-j-W-n-eqsS am{Xta Rm F B-kXyw Fm-h-cnepwHm-sWv B\p-` q-Xn-I-ambn Adn-bm Ign-bp-I-bp-q. {ihn-t-Xv Kpcp-hn-s\-bm-Wv. A\p-` -h--\mb Kpcp-hn\npw

F

Btm]tZiiXIw 41

t\cnp tI--Ww. AXp {ih-Ww. tI -Xns\ Bg-n]cn-Nn-\w sN-Ww. AXp a\-\w. a\\w BmhnDdbvp-tm AXp \nZn-[ym-k-\w. \nZn-[ym-k\w ]mI-am-Ip-tm kam-[n-nXn ssIh-cp-p. \nhn-I-ev]-k-am-[n-bn Bm-hns Nn{Zq-]X sXfn-a-tbmsS {]Im-in-p-p.a\p-jy\p Is-m-hp ]c-a-amb B\--ns el-cn-bm-W-Xv.

\n-semw cp Xc-n Alw-t_m[w {]hn-p-p-v. Hv hym-P\pw atXv Ak-ep-am-Wv. Ak Alwip-am-Wv. Id-]p-c-fm--Xm-Wv. Kpcp Alw-s]m-cp Fv ]d-bp-Xv ip-amb Al-s-bm-Wv. ip-amb Alw GIhpwAZzn-Xo-b-hp-am-Wv. AXv Aap-J-ambn Adn-tb--Xm-Wv.Alw-s]m-cp-fns\ kmm-XvI-cn-p--h inip--sf-tmse\njv-f--cmbn amdp-p. Im]Syw Ah-cn ImWp-I-bn-. Ah-cpsS apgp-h k-bnepw B ss\aeyw {]Im-in-pw.

AI-evsb tXmn-n-p Alw-t_m-[-s-bmWv AI-ep-w A-l Fp ]d-bp-Xv. Am-\w-sIm-mWv AIevtXmp-Xv. Am-\n\v -h-i-sn-cn-p--h "Rm'Fp ]d-bp-tm ico-c-n-t\m-Sp- XmZm-ys Dun-bp-d-n-p-I-bmWv sNp--Xv. Al-m-c--hn-aq-Vmmhmb hymP-amb Alw "Im Alw CXn a\ytX,' Rm Im-hm-sWv kzbw hnNm-cn-p-p. Rm Im-h F-dn-bp-Xv m\w. m\w hymPs ad-amn Ak-ens\ ImWnpXcp-p. Ak-ens\ Rms\v Adn-bp-Xv B-km-m-Xvm-cw. Atm Fm Rm\p-I-fnepw kmchpw GIhp-ambAlw-s]m-cp am{Xta kXy-am-bn- p-q Fv Ghpw A\p--`hn--dn-bm Ign-bpw. Al-m-cn\npw \npw Alw-

s]m-cp-fns\ thn-cn--dn-bp-Xv hfsc Zpjv-c-amb km[-\-bm-Wv.

Btm]tZiiXIw 42

12sXmen-bp-sa-ep-p-aew Zpc--a-xIe-I-fp-ta-p-a-l--sbm-p ImI!s]men-bp-an-X\y s]menp]q-amIpwhen-sbm-c-l hcm hcw Xtc-Ww.

sXmenbpw NhpwFepv Fp-Ifpwaew amen-\y-fpwZpcw AxI-e-Ifpw ZpxJ-tlXp-I-amb hm-k-\-IfpwGpw Al hln-p Al-sbHp ImI DWthmsS t\mpI.s]menbpw \in-p-t]m-IpCXv A\y CXv Ahn-Zy-bmb A\y-bmWv.s]menp ]q-amIpw AhnZy \inv ]qX

ssIh-cn-pw.hen-sbm-c-l Xm h-\m-sW Alhcm- hcw XtcWw hcm-Xn-cn-m-\p- hcw Xtc-Ww.

co-cs apgp-h\pw sXmen-sIm-m-Wv s]mXn-n-cn-p-Xv. sXmen-bpsS ASn-bn amwk-ap-v. icocw amwk-

_w am{X-a-. AXns\ Xmn-\ndpp Hcp FnIq-Sp-apv. ico-c-ns ]pdw-` mKw F{X hrn-bm-n-h-mepwDn Nop-\m-dp hkvXp--fmWv InS-p--Xv. \mw Ign-p `-Whpw shhpw Fmw aqp aWn-q Ign-bp-tm AgpIn-\m-dm XpS-pw. AXpam{Xa, a\-nsDn Hfn-n-cn-p hmk-\-I AXnepw Agp-In-b-Xm-Wv. Akq-b, Cujy, tIm]w, aZw, am-cyw, Zw`w ChsbmwPohn-Xs hrn-lo-\-am-p- Zqjyhmk-\-Ifm-Wv. ]c-kv]cw sIp-]n-Wp InS-p Chsb t_m[-ns sXfn-a-bn Hp t\mn-m-W-Ww. Xe-bn tSmNv ssev ]nSn-

i

Btm]tZiiXIw 43

nv Ccp-ns\ Xnc-bp--Xp-t]m-se, t\mp-n-S-sms{]Imiw {]kcnv Ccpv A{]-Xy--am-Ip-p. Rm ico-c-am-sW Al s]men-p-t]mbn Rm ]qWw FAlw-s]m-cp sXfnp hcp-p. s]men-bpI F-Xn\v{]Im-inpI Fpw \in-pI Fpw Aw Iev]n-mw.\in -p -Xv Al--bm -Wv . sXmen -p -dv am{XwHXpn\nevp hyn-t_m-[-am-Wv. {]Im-in-p-Xv B-kz-cq-]-am-Wv.

B-kz-cq]w kz-kp--c-am-Wv. AhnsS kuc`yw am{XtaDq. AXn-cp-I-fn-m hnim-e-X-bmWv Bm-hns Xew.Bm-\p-` hw Dm-Ip--Xn\v Al s]men-p-t]m-I-Ww.]q-am-b Bm-\p-` hw DmIp--Xp-hsc hmk-\-I Fcn--S-t--Xp-v. AXn-\n-S-bn Nne BfpI-fn hen-sbm-c-l hv Ah-cpsS \- Po-hn-Xs Xmdp-am-dm-m-dp-v.Rm m\n-bm-Wv, Rm Cuiz-c--\mWv, Rm alm-\mWvFsms kzbw hp ]d-bp-tm Abm hensbmcpAlbp Bfm-Wv. henb Al--bmWv tkzm-[n-]-Xn-Isf krjvSn-p-Xv. Ah A[o-i-kz-` m-h-ap--h-cmbnocp-p. ImcpWyw Ch-cn hn hc-n-cn-pw. ap--h-cpsS{ibpw BZ-chpw Ch B{K-ln-p-p. ]pcm-W--fnlnc-Wy-I-in-]phn-tbpw `kvam-kp-c-tbpw IY-I hen-sbm-c-l--bpsS Zpc-sbmWv ZrjvSm-o-I-cn-p--Xv.hen-sbm-c-l-bpw s]men-p-t]m-IWw. AXp s]sps]men-bp-I-bn-. AXn\p Cuiz-cm-\p-{Klhpw Kpcp-Im-cp-WyhpwthWw. AXp-sImv {]m-\m-cq-]-n hen-sbm-c-lhcmXncn-m hcw XtcWw Fp An--Ww. hcwF-Xp-sImv A-am-p-Xv \psS I-i-n-sImvt\Sn-sb-Sp-m-hp--X CXv Fm-Wv. Cuiz-c-{]-km-Z-mam{Xw e`y-am-bn-o-cp--Xm-Wv. {]m-\m-\zn-X-amb a\vCXn\v A\n-hmcy-am-Wv.

Btm]tZiiXIw 44

13{XnKp-W-abw Xncp-\o-d-Wn-sm-co-iI-a-ecnp hWnbamdnkI-e-a-gnp XWnp tIh-e-naln-a-bp-ap al-n-em-Wn-tS-Ww.

{XnKp-W-abw kXzw, cP-v, Xav Fo

aqp KpW-sf Nps-Sp

Xncp-\o AWn Znhy`kvaw ]qin-b

Hcp Cui\v Htc-sbmcp Cuizc\v

AI-a-e-cnv kev]--fm-Ip ]q

Anv

hWn BmW-` m-h-tm-sS

Aw Bdn C{n-b-p hnj-b-fnep

sImXn Bdn--Wpv

kIew Agnv Fm euIn-I-_--\-fn

\npw ap-\mbn

XWnv imNn--\mbn

tIh-e-n tIh-e-am-b-Xns

aln-a-bp-av Ap-Xm-Z-c-fpw Cm-Xmbn

al-n B-tPym-Xn-n

BWn-tSWw Bp-t]mbn AXm-bn-ocWw.

IrXn {XnKp-Wm-n-I-bm-Wv. kXzw, cP-v, Xav Foaqp KpW--fmWv a\p-jys\ I--fpsS GSm-Iq-S-

n-tev hen-n-g-p--Xv. {XnKp-W- I--fn ImawIen Pohs\ _-\--\m-p-p. Cu aqp KpW--fpsS \ocmfn-n-Sn-n\npw ap-\m-I-W-sa-n Cuiz-c-\n ]q-ambpw icWw Kann-cn--Ww. Cuiz-c-\m-Is,Cu aqp KpW--tfbpw Dw-Lnp \np GI-ambs]mcpfm-Wv. Cuiz-c KpWm-Xo-X-\m-Wv. {]IrXn {XnKp-Wm-

{]

Btm]tZiiXIw 45

n-I-bm-Wv. {]Ir-Xn-bmWv Pohs I-t-{Xw. {XnKp-W-sf m\m-n-sIm-mWv Npp-Nm--em-p--Xv. Xncp-\o`kva-am-Wv. `kvaw AWn-bp-Xv hnc-n-bpsS e-W-am-Wv. AsXmcp {]XoIwIqSn-bm-Wv. `kvaw ]qin NpS-e--f-n \rw sNp XmWvU-h-\-S-cm-P hnc--`m-h-ns {]Xo-Im--I-amb Nn{X-W-am-Wv. ]pcm-Winhs\]tcm--ambn am{Xta ChnsS [z\n-n-p-p-q. Cui{]]--{k-jvSm-hmb kth-iz-cX-s-bm-Wv.

\-psS kev]-kq-\--fmWv Cui\v A-\-bmbn\Ip--Xv. at\m-X-e-n-emWv Cu ]qP \S-p--Xv. A-W-tmSp-Iq-Sn-thWw kev]--tfbpw I--tfbpwCui\p kan-t--Xv. AXn-eqsS C{n-b--fn -]-n-\np Ima-\-Isf Cm-Xm-m Ign-bpw. Ima-\-I-fmWvtemI-n \s _n-n--p--Xv. Ima-\-I- Xm]kz`m-hn-I-fm-Wv. Xm]w NqSm-Wv. Xm]-amWv a\pjys\ p_v[-\m-p--Xv. C{n-b--fpsS NqSm-dn-bm C{n-b--fnkam[n ssIh-cpw. ka-\ne ssIh-cpw.

Cuiz-ckaWw Bbm-k-c-ln-X-am-Ip-tm kIe_-\-fpw Agn-p-am-dpw. A-c-W-n ]ncn-ap-dp-- krjvSnncp NqsSmw XWp-p-dv imn-Zm-b-I-amb Hc-\p-`-hs Dn-ep-Wpw. AXv Cuiz-cm-\p-`-h-am-Wv. Cuiz-cm-\p-`hw Dm-Ip-tm \mw _mly-tem-Is ad-p-p. \mw Hcp B-cy-]-c-X-bn aXn-a-dv {`m-s\-tmse Pohn -sp hcmw. tIh-e-n aln -a -bn\npw aptmp t]mI-Ww. aX- ssZh-ns tIh-e-a-ln-asb hmgvp Zzzm-[n-jvTnX kao-]-\-amWv kzoI-cn-n-cn-p--Xv. Ahn-sSbpw \mw At\z-j-Ws \ndp-p-hm ]mSn-. hopw hopw ]q-amb \ne ssIh-cn-p--Xp-hsc Bg--fn-tep s]mbvsIm-n-cn--Ww. cs-p- `mhw Cm-Xm-Ip--Xp-h-sc BZn-a-l-n BgWw.B-km-m-Xvmcw AXp-sImv aXm-Xo-X-am-Wv.

Btm]tZiiXIw 46

14{Xn`p-h-\-koa ISp Xnn-hnpw{Xn]pSn apSnp sXfn-n-Sp Zo]wI]-S-b-Xnp Ic--am-Ip-ho-sep]-\n-j-Zpn cl-ky-tamn-tS-Ww.

{Xn`p-h-\-koa ISv Pm{K-v, kz]v\w, kpjp]vXnFo aqptemI-papdv

Xnnhnpw \ndp-{]-Im-in-p--Xmb{Xn]pSn apSnp {Xn]p-Sn-bpsS \mi-n-eqsS am{XwsXfn-n-Sp Zo]w kmm-XvI-cn-m-hp B-Zo]wI]-S-b-Xnv - I-k-ym-knvIc--am-Ip-hoe A\p-`-h-th-Zy-am-hp-I-bn-F F Xc-n-ep-D]-\n-j-Zp-n-c-lkyw D]-\n-j-n ]d-n-cn-p

cl-ky-amb Zi\wHmn-tSWw Ftmgpw HmWw.

psS A\p-`-h-v aqv AXnn-I Iev]n-mw.Hv DWn-cn-p-tm A\p-`-hn-p temI-am-Wv.

Cu Ah-sb Pm{K-Z-h FmWv ]d-bpI. Cu Ah--bn C{n-b-fpw {]]-hpw Xn _-sv{]hn-p-p. cm-as Ah kz]v\-am-Wv. kz]v\wImWp ka-bv C{n-b- {]h-\-\n-c-X-a-. Fm\ Dd--hp-a-. kz]v\w ImWp BfpsS Dnse ]qhkva-c-W-I-fmWv kz]v\--fmbn A\p-`-hn-p-sIm-n-cn-p--Xv.aqm-as Ah-sb kpjp]vXn FmWv ]d-bpI. AXm-bXv \ Dd-w. Dd--n Hpw-Xs Adn-bp-I-bn-.Fm Dd--n\npw DWm kpJ-ambn DdnF tXm Dm-Ipw. DW-Xn\p tijta A-s\-bp- Adn-hp-m-hpIbp-q.

\

Btm]tZiiXIw 47

Dd-p ka-bv Rm kpJ-ambn Dd-pp FvBcpw Adn-bp-n-. C{Xbpw A\p-`-h- \ap-smw ]cn-Nn-X-am-Wv. Fm Hcp m\n-bpsS t_m[w Cu aqptemI-pw Ap-d-p- Hc-\p-`-h-n-em-Wv {]Xn-jvTn-X-am-bn-cn-p--Xv. B t_m[s "Xpco-bt_m[w' FmWvD]-\n-j-pI ]d-bpXv. {Xn]pSn apSnv sXfn-n-SpZo]w Fv {io\mcm-b-W-Kpcp hnfn-p-p. t_m[-nsmXr--m-\--tb hn`-P-\--fmWv {Xn]p-Sn-I-fmbnAdn-b-s-Sp--Xv. {Xn]p-Sn-bpsS \miw t_mt[m-Z-b-am-Wv.t_m[w sXfn-bp-tm \mwXs Hcp kzbw{]-Im-i-tPym-Xnm-bn-o-cp-p.

kymkw ]epw Hcp thjw-sI--em-Wv. kym-k-hrn XymK-kp-c-`n-e-amb Pohn-X-ns amXr-I-bm-b-Xp-sImv P\--fpsS BZcw kym-kn-Iv e`n-p-Xvkzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. -\psS ]qhn-I-cmb ky-mk-t{i-jvT-m-cpsS PohnXamWv ` mc-Xo-b-kw-kvm-c-n-\v amlmyw t\Sn---Xv. AXp-sImv kzoIm-cyXbpw BZ-chpw Inp HcptaJ-e-bn-tev Bfp-I Xmev]cyw {]ISn-n-p-Xv temI-k-l-P-am-Wv. Fm Imepw Ccw Bjm-V-`q-Xn-IDm-bn-cp-p. -i-cm-Nm-cy-cpsS Imev I]-S-k-y-kn-amkar--am-bn-cpp F-Xns sXfn-hmWv ` P-tKm-hnw FIrXn-bn ""DZ-c-\n-anw _lp-Ir-X-thjw'' Fv Cq-scIfn-bm-n-b-Xv. thjw sIn \S-m-sempw Xpco-bm-\p-`hwDm-hp-I-bn-. Xpco-bm-\p-`-h-n\v Xt]m-\n-c-X-amb At\z-jWhpw X]pw thWw. hb-p-]n-g-n-\mbn thjw sIn\S-p kym-kn-amsc AXp-sImv I]-S-b-Xn-IFmWv ]d-bp--Xv. D]-\n-j-ns ]m--e-s Hmn-p-sIm-mWv Kpcp Cmcyw nco-Icn-p--Xv.

Btm]tZiiXIw 48

15]c-bpsS ]mep\pI `mKy-hm-msmcp ]Xn-\m-bn-c-am-sm-cev]-t\cwAdn-h-]-c-{]-Ir-Xn--[o-\-am-bmec-s\m-Sn-bm-bn-c-am-p-t]mse tXmpw.

]c-bpsS ]mev ]c-am--m-\-n\npwDudn-hcp B\-m-\p-`hw

\pI ` mKy-hm-mv A\p`hnp A\p-Kr-lo-XvHcp ]Xn-\m-bn-c-amv Hcp ]Xn-\m-bncw hjwt]mepwHcev]-t\cw kzev]t\c-ambn A\p-` -h-sSpw.Adnhv t_m[wA]-c-{]-Ir-Xnv Bm-hn\n\y-amb {]Ir-XnvA[o-\-am-bm hi-s- p-t]m-bmAc-s\mSn Ac-\n-anjwBbn-c-am-p-t]mse Hcm-bncw hjt]msetXmpw A\p-`-h-s-Spw.

ew Ne-\-am-Wv. Ne\w am-am-Wv. amw ico-c-ntbpwa\-n-tbpw {]Ir-X-am-Wv. Ne-\-n\v hi-s-n-cn-

p-Xv Am-\m-h--bn-em-Wv. Ne-\-n Poh\v_\w A\p-` -h-s-Sp-p. _\w ZpxJ-am-Wv. m\amWvPohs\ \n-e-amb Bm-hn {]Xn-jvTn-p-Xv. Bmhvkzcq-]-amWv. kzcq]w \n-eam-Wv, nc-am-Wv. \n-eXbnhn-p-Xv B\--am-Wv. A\p-` q-Xn-bm-Wv. ]c-a-amb A\p-`q-Xn-bn Aan-cn-p m\n-Iv Ime-t_m[w Hcp]oU-\-ambn A\p-` -h-s-Sm-dn-. Bm-\p-` qXn B\--ns\nd-p-I-hn-b-em-Wv. Bm-\p-`q-Xn-bmWv ]c-bpsS ]mev.AXv Aar-Xm-Wv. arXyp-hn\npw Pohs\ XcWw sNn-p ckm-b-\w. Fm-hpw AXv A\m-bm-tk\ {]m]y-

Im

Btm]tZiiXIw 49

a-. `mKy-hm-mt AX-\p-`-hn-p-hm Ign-bp-p-q.`mKyw Cuiz-c-Ir-]-bm-Wv. AXv a\p-jy-{]-bXv\-ns ^ e-ambn e`n-p--X-. Ir]bvv ]m{Xo-`-hn-m {]tXy-InpImcWw Bh-iy-an-. Fm At\z-jn-p--ht\ Cuiz-c-Ir] Xncn--dn-bm Ign-bp-I-bp-q.

Bm\p-`q-Xn-Z-i-bn Hcp ]Xn-\m-bncw hjw-t]mepwHcp \nan-jw F-t]mse A\p-`-h-s-Spw. Fm Am-\-m Ime-t_m[w Hcp-h-\n \nd-n-cn-p-tm Hcp\nan-jw-X-s Hcm-bncw hj-t]mse `mc-ap--Xm-bn-ocpw. Imew a\-ns krjvSn-bm-Wv. a\-n kpJapm-Ip-tm Ime-n\v \ofw Ipd-bpw. kabw ]mp-t]m-IpA\p-`-h-am-bn-cn-pw. ZpxJ-ap-m-Ip-tm Imen\p \ofwIqSpw. kabw Cg-p-\o-p--Xp-t]mse A\p-`-h-s-Spw.kpJ-Zpx-J- Bt]-n-I--fm-Wv. Cu kXyw B[p-\n-I-imkv{Xw ]d-bp--Xn-\p-apt Kpcp ]d-pI-gnp.

B_ v sFo Hcp DZm-l-cWw ]d-bp-p-v. Npp-]-gp Hcp teml--In-Sn Hcmsf ]nSn-n-cp-n-bmAbmv Hcp \nanjwt]mepw Hcm-bncw hjw-t]msetXmpw. Fm Imap-In-bpsS kvt\l-a-kr-W-amb Npw_-\m-enw-K-\m-Zn-I-fn \nhr-Xn-sIm-n-cn-p Hcp-h\v aWn-q-dp-I Ign-p-t]m-bmepw Hcp \nan-jw-t]m-setb tXmp-I-bp-q. t_m[w Xn\npw A\y-amb Hn hym]cn-p-XmWv Ah-iX. hmkvX-h-n Ime-ns acWamWv B-km-m-Xvm-cw. Ime-n Pohnp--XmWvac-Ww. a\p-jy temI-n Pohn-p-tmgpw ac-W-ns`oXn-bn\npw hnap--\-. Ime-t_m-[amWv a\p-jy\narXyp-`o-Xn-sb- krjvSn-p--Xv. Acs\mSn Bbn-c-am-p-t]mse tXmpw FXv a\p-jy AaXy-\m-bn-o-cppF-Xns Be-m-cn-I-{]-tbm-Kam-Wv. Cu ]Zyw \nhr-Xn-bpsS \nd-p-Xq-h-em-Wv.

Btm]tZiiXIw 50

16A[n-I-hn-im-e-a-cp-{]-tZ-i-sam-mbv\Zn s]cp-Ip--Xp-t]mse hp \mZw{ipXn-I-fn hoWp Xpdpa-n-sbpwbX-an-bepw bXn-h-cy-\m-bn-tS-Ww.

A[n-I-hn-im-e-a-cp-{]-tZiw hfsc hnim-e-amb acp-`q-an-bnHmbv BIth\Zn-s]-cp-Ip--Xp-t]mse \Zn Ic-I-hn-sm-gp-Ip--Xp-t]mse\mZw -hv {]W-h-[z\n Dd-h-s]mn hv{ipXn-I-fn hoWv Dm-XnhoWvXpd-p-w An AI-p Xpd-n-pp.Fpw bX-an-bepw CXn\v Ftm-gpw b-a\w ioe-am-nbbXn-h-cy Bbn-tSWw kym-kn-t{i-jvT Bbn-cnWw.

m-\p-` -hs Imhym--I-am-bmWv Kpcp Ah-X-cn-n-p--Xv. hnim-e-ambn ]cp InS-p aW-c-v. B

aW-cv NqSp-sImp X]n-n-cn-p-I-bm-Wv. s]svv Bacp-`qan apgp-h \ndp]c-sm-gp-Ip Pe-{]-hmlw Dd-h-s]m-n-h-cnI-bm-sW-n B A\p-`-hw \psS kev]s-t]mepw AXn-i-bn-n-p--Xm-Wv. acp-`q-an-bpsS X]vX-lr-Z-b-n \Zn-bpsS \\hv ]Sv kpJ-io-X-fna ]I-cp A\p-`q-Xn. AXp-t]m-se-bmWv A-cm-m-hn \mZw DXnp-hv Dm-Xp-I-fnhoWv m\-N-p-ns\ Xpd-p-X-cp--Xv. Ahm-Ny-kp--c-amb Bm\p-` q-XnbmWv Kpcp Cu tmI-n-eqsS ]Ip-X-cphm {ian-p--Xv. \-psS cp ImXp-Ipap-dv Adn-hns am[p-cy-aqdp \mZw {ihn-pHcp t{im{X-ap-v. B t{im{Xw DW-c-W-sa-n {i thWw.{i Bm-hn Dd-n-cn-p _pn-bm-Wv. {i Dm-Xns\ BZyw Xpd-pp. BtXm-sSm-w-Xs D-pw

B

Btm]tZiiXIw 51

Xpd-p-p. ChnsS ]d-bp Iv m\-N-p-m-Wv. ka-kvX-X-bnepw B-km-nyw Zin-p ImWv m\-N-p-v. B-kw-b-a\w ioe-am-nb Hcp kym-kn-h-cy\vam{Xta Cu A\p-` qXn ssIh-cn-I-bp-p. t\ct ]dI]-S-k-ym-kn-v Cu A\p-`-h-ns shfn-hp-m-bn-cn-p-I-bn-.

A[n-I-hn-ime acp-{]-tZiw A\--amb t_m[-nshym]vXnsbbmWv hyRvPn-n-p--Xv. \Zn-bpsS ioX-tk-N-\wsIm-mWv Xnse B\-m-\p-` q-Xnsb Xncn--dn-bm acp-`q-anv Ign--Xv. \msamw Pohn-Xs acp-`qan IWsX]np Xop--h-cm-Wv. ZpxJ-amWv Pohn-Xs Nqgvp\nevp bmYmy-sav {io_p ]d-Xv CuA-n-em-Wv. A]qhw Nnev Kpcp-Ir-]-sImv Bm-hns kpJ-io-X-fn-a-bn- Aan-cn-p-hm ku`mKyw e`n-p-p. {]W-h-amWv \Zn-bmbn Bm-hn Hgp-IpXv. {]W-hs \mZw Fp hnh-n-m ImcWw ]qWX {]m]nPoh kwKo-Xm--I-am-sWp ]d-bm IqSn-bm-Wv. temI-hn-j-b--fp-ambn apn-bp-cpn Pohn-p kmam\y a\pjy-cn Cu kwKoXw ad-p-t]m-b-Xns sshc-ky-amWv \man-hnsS ImWp--Xv. Bfp-Iv Aev]w-t\-cw-t]mepw ck-tmsS shdp-sX-bn-cn-p-hm Ign-bp-n-. shdp-sX-bn-cn-p-tm a\p-jy apjn-p-t]m-Ip-p. _mly-tem-Ishnt\m-tZm-]m-[n-I-sfmw a\p-jys apjn-n\n-p tamN-\-n-\p-th-n-bm-Wv. {]W-h-ap-W \mZ-tbm-Kn-I Bm-hns kwKo-X-n [ym\-\n-c-X-ambn A`n-c-an-p-p. CuB\w \ncp-]m-[n-I-am-Wv. tbmKn-bpsS B\w \ntZm-j-am-Wv. inip--fpsS {IoU-t]m-se-bm-W-Xv.

Btm]tZiiXIw 52

17Ag-se-gp-a-n-X-fmp cp -X- m-bvpg-ep-a-\mZnhnfp Xqn-bmm\ng-ep-cp-hm-sbcn-bpp s\tXm ap]g-Inb hmk\ hn hrn-b-t{X.

An-X-fmv Ap \mf--tfmSp IqSncp Xmbv qew, kqvaw Fo cp

XpI-fmbnAg-segpw In-sm-n-cn-p,Npgepw Npn-n-cn-p-sIm-n-cn-pA\m-Zn-hn-fv BZn-bn-m Hcp Zo]wXqn Xqnbnn-cn-p--Xp-t]m-se-Bm Bmhv\ng Dcp-hmbv \ngemb icocw Gn-sImvFcn-bpp In--sm-n-cn-p-p.s\v AtXm hnf-s-cn-bm-\p- s\m-sW-ntemap ]g-Inb hmk\ apt \-n IpSn-sIm-p

]gwsN I-hm-k-\-I-fm-Wv.hn B hnf-nse Xncn-I-fm-Is,hrn-bt{X Nn-hr-n-I-fm-Wv.

cp Xnc-o-e-bn sXfn-bp Ne-n-{Xw-t]m-se-bmWv KpcpCu tmIw Na-n--cn-p--Xv. A\m-Zn-bmb Bmhv Hcp

hnf-p-t]mse Hmtcm-cp--cnepw Fcn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p-v.Htc-sbmcp Bmhv Fcn-bp-tm Hcp \mfta ]mSp-q.Fm amb-bpsS in-I-fmb Bh-cWhpw hnt-]hpw\nanw Bm-hn\v Ap \mf- D-Xp-t]mse tXmn-n-p-p. Ap \mf- Fp ]d-bp-Xv a\p-jy-i-co-c-nse Ap mt\-{n-b-fneqsS-bp A\p-`-h-fm-Wv. sNhn-bn-eqsS i_vZ-\m-fhpw Xzn-eqsS kv]i-\m-fhpw

H

Btm]tZiiXIw 53

In-eqsS cq]-\m-fhpw \mhn-eqsS ck-\m-fhpw aqn-eqsSK-\m-fhpw {]Im-in-p-p. mt\-{n-b--fn-eqsS B-Zo]w {]Im-in-p-tm-gmWv \mw tIp-Xpw kv]in-p-Xpw ImWp-Xpw cpNn-p-Xpw aW-p-Xpw Hs.Cu Zo]-n-\m-Is, cp Xp-Ifpv. Hp am\-kn-Iw (con-ceptual) cm-a-tXv sF{n-bw (perceptual). sF{nb-am-bXv qe-amb Xm-Wv. C{n-b-ns apn Hcp hnjbwhp-\np-tm a\-mWv B hnj-bs \n-bnpa\-n-em-m-\p- km-l--sfms Hcp-n-sm-Sp--p--Xv. C{n-b- hnj-bs kmam-\y-ambn a\-n-em-p-Ibpwa\v hnti-j-ambn \nh-Nn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. DZm-l-c-W-n\v Hcp amgw ImWp--tm AXv C{n-b-v \evIp-Xv amgw F kmam-\y-t_m-[-am-Wv. a\-ns cwK-{]-th-i-ap--mIp-tm IqSp-X IrXy-X-tbmsS amgw atKm-h-bmtWm \oe-\mtWm aqhm--\mtWm Fp khn-ti-j-ambn \nW-bn-p-p. a\-n ]qhmn-X-am-b- hmk-\I-fmWv temI-\nW-b-n-\p-thn Icp--fm-bn-cn-p--Xv.

B-Zo]w {]Im-in-p-Xv \ng-ep-cp-th-n-bm-Wv. \ng-epcpFp ]d-m Xnc-o-e-bn ann-a-d-p-t]m-IpOmbmNn{X-t]mse Ft A-ap-q. Cu hnf-s-cn-bp-hm C-\-am-b s\v hfsc ]g-w-sN ]qh-I-kw-kvIm-cfm-Wv. ]qhn aW-sa--t]mse Ch Nn-nhknp--Xp-sIm-mWv hmk\ Fp hnfn-p--Xv.s\n Xncn-sb--t]mse hmk-\-I-fn Nn-hr-n-I-fmWvIn-sm-n-cn-p--Xv. hnj-b-kwKw Dm-Ip-tm t_m[whnj-b-ns BImcw ssIsmv Poh-\n hntm-`- Dm-n-sm-n-cn-pw, I-S-en Xnc-b-Sn-pw-t]mse.Chsb-bmWv Nn-hr-n-I Fp ]d-bp--Xv. BmhvAn-{n-b--fn-eqsS a\-ns ]m--e-n {]Xn-^ -enp{]Im-in-p Hcp at\m-l-c-Nn{Xw Cu tmIneqsS Kpcp\app ]Ip-X-cp-p.

Btm]tZiiXIw 54

18Al-an-cp-f-n-cp-fm-In-e--cmbv \mal-a-l-sa--dn-bm-Xn-cp-n-tSWwAdn-h-Xn-\m-e-l-a--Im-c-a-sdn-h-Xn-\n--s\-bmp-tam-Xn-tSWw.

Alw Ccp-f B-t_m[w Ccp-f-.Ccp-fm-In Ccp- m-bn-cp-s-n,A-cmbv \mw Dm-gvN-t]mepw t]mbnAlw Alw Fv Rm Dv Rm Dv

FpIqSnAdn-bm-Xn-cp-n-tSWw Adn-bm-Xn-cn--W-am-bn-cp-p.Adn-h-Xn-\m Fm Rm\pv F Adn-

hns\ \ntj[n-m\mhm--Xn-\mAlw A-Im-c-a-sv Bm-hmb Rm Ccp- -svAdn-h-Xn\v t_m[yw hcp-p-Xn-\p-thnCs\ C{]ImcwBpw Fm-h-tcmSpwHmXn-tSWw shfn-s-Sp-n-sm-Sp--Ww.

tcm-cp-cpw Ah-c-h-sc-p-dnp ]d-bp-tm RmF kh-\maw D]-tbm-Kn-mWv kwkm-cn-m-dv. Rm

t]mIpp, Rm \S-pp, Rm InS-pp Fn--s\.ChnsS Rm F hnh ico-c-ns Ne-\--fpambn_-sp XmZm-y-n\n-mWv DS-se-Sp-p--Xv.Rm B\-n-p-p, Rm Adn-bp-p, Rm kvt\ln-p-p, Rm shdp-pp Fp \mw ]d-bp-tm ChnsSRm kqva-X-e-n-emWv {]hn-p--Xv. shdppwkvt\lhpw Fmw am\-kn-I-X-e--fn-ep hnIm-c--fm-Wv.Rm Atm a\-pambn XmZm-y-s Hcp GI-I-am-Wv.Ipd-p-IqSn Bg-n-tev \mw At\z-jn-p-t]m-Ip-tm ico-c-n\npw a\-n\npw hyXn-cn--ambn Rm\n\v \ne-

Hm

Btm]tZiiXIw 55

\nm Ign-bp-sav A\p-`-h-am-Ipw. B Rm ip-ambBm-hm-Wv. Adn-hm-Wv. B Rm kZm kpJn-bm-Wv. RmDv F kXyw Bpw \ntj-[n-m Ign-bpn-. RmC Fp ]d-b-W-sa-nt]mepw Rm Dm-bn-cn--Ww.Rm Ds--dn-bm\pw Cs--dn-bm\pw Rm Dm-bn-cn--Ww. AXp-sIm-mWv Kpcp Dun--d-bp-Xv RmAm-\-am-Ip Iqcn-cp--sv. Am-\-n AdnhvAtijw {]Im-in-p-I-bn-. Iqcn-cp- v Hcp Zriyhpw sXfn-bm--Xp-t]m-se--s.- \mw Hmtcm-cp--cnepw \ Dd--nt]mepw kpJ-ambn hn-p Rm Dv. B Dkpjp-]vXn-p-t]mepw kmn-ssN-X-\y-am-bmWv hn-p--Xv. Rm Adn-hns \nd shfn--am-Wv. Rm Iqcn-cp-m-sW-n Rm, Rm Fp- t_m[w-t]mepw Dm-Ip-hm ]mSn-m-bn-cp-p. Fm As\ Atm? Rmckn-p-p, Rm ZpxJn-pp Fsmw ]d-bp-tm-sgm-sbpw Rm AhnsS {]Im-in-p-p-v.

AXp-sImv Fm-hpw Adn-n-cnmthn ]d-p-sIm-Sp-t HmWv Rm Bm-hm-sW-v. AXv HcpCcp hkvXphs-v. Bmhv kzbw-{]-Im-i-am-Wv. AXnsDsb Xn--f-bm-\m-hn-; shfn--ns Dsb Ccp-n\v \ncm-I-cn-m-\m-hm--Xp-t]mse. AXp-sImv \mw hopwhopw ]d-b-Ww: Rm Am-\-a-, Rm m\-am-Wv.Rm Ccp- -, Rm shfn--am-Wv. Rm ZpxJ-a-, RmB\--am-Wv. Rm iq\y-X-b-, Rm \nd-hmWv Fv.khw ln kn-Zmw t\l \m\mkvXn In\. ChnsSkn-Zmw am{X-ta-bpq. \m\m-Xz- Hpw-X-s-bn-Fp {io\mcm-b-W-Kpcp Zi-\-am-e-bn ]d-bp-p. P\-sft_m[n-n-p-hm-\mbn Kpcp sImSp-p Ghpw henb D]-tZiw shfn-s tXSn \n Hcn-Spw Ae-tb Fm-Wv. ImcWw B shfnw \nX-s-bm-Wv. Hcn -t]mepw AW-bmsX Pzen-p \n-fpsS \nP-kz-cq]w.......

Btm]tZiiXIw 56

19ASn-ap-Sn-b--a-Xp-n-Xp--Xp-sSn-bn-Sp-am-Znak--bp-sX-mwPU-anXp kha-\n-Xyamw Pe-nhSn-hns\ hnp Xcw-K-a-\y-amtam?

ASn ASn-bn-ep--XmWv kXywapSn D-Xnbnep--XmWv kXywAw A-p--XmWv kXywAXpv AXp D-Xp-X-s-bmWvCXpv CXp D-Xp-X-s-bmWvAXpv AX-, asm-mWv DXvFv ASn-bnSpw Cs\ a\p-jy shdptX

kXyssmn hmZn-p-p.BZn-a-k Fm-n-tbpw BZn-bmb

B-kXs-bmWvD-sXmw _lp-hn-[-ambn ChnsS ImWp

\ma-cq-]--sf-mw.CXp khw Cm-Wm-hp--sXmwA\n-Xyamw \mi-ap--XmbPUw PU-am-Wv.Pe-n hSn-hns\ hnv Pe-ns k-bn\npwXcwKw XncA\y-amtam? thdn- n-cn-p-XmtWm?

{]]w apgp-h\pw Htc-sbmcp k-bpsS \m\m-hn-[amb Bhn-jvIm-c--fm-Wv. BIm-inepw ` qan-

bnepw A-cn--n-ep-ambn Fa hkvXpsf \mw C{n-b-sImv ImWp-p-v. BIm-i-nse \-{X-fpw`qan-bnse Ipw apw hr-e-Xm-Zn-Ifpw kmK-chpw acp-`q-anbpw arK-fpw a\p-jycpw Fmw Cu BZn-a-k--bpsSBhn-jvIm-c--fm-Wv. Bhn-jvIr-X-amb Fm-n\pw Hmtcm

Cu

Btm]tZiiXIw 57

cq]-ap-v. cq]s \mw Adn-bp-Xv \ma-I-cWw sNbvXm-Wv. A-s\-bmWv F-a- \m-a-fpw F-a cq]-fpwtN hymh-lm-cn-I-{]-]w kwPm-X-am-Ip--Xv. \ma-cq-]--fpsS_mlp-ey-m \mw BZn-a-k-sb hnkva-cn-p-t]m-Ip-p. Fn vhmp-I-fpsS ambm-Pm-e-ns]- ns --t]mse kXyssmnXn-m XpS-p-p.

Ip-sImp ImWp Hns\ am{Xta Rm kXy-ambn hniz-kn-p-I-bp-q Fsm-cm iTn-p-p. Atmthsdm-cm ]d-bp-p, ssZhw D-X--fn ad-n-cn-ppFv. C\nsbmcm ]d-bp-p, AXp--X-, CXmWv D-XvFv. B aXw icn-b-, Cu aXw icn-sbv thsdmcp Iq.As\ ]dp]-dv X-n-tepw ASn-]n-Sn-bn-tepw Ah-km\w bp-n-tepw c-smcn-n-en-tepw\bn-p hmZ-{]-Xn-hm-Z--fpsS A-iq-\yX Kpcp FSp-pIm-Wn-p-I-bm-Wv Cu ]Zy-n-eqsS sNp--Xv. DXvBZn-a-k am{Xw. ASn--ap-Sn, Ahn-sS--C-hn-sS, AXp-v--C-Xpv F-sXms shdpw i_vZ-Pm-e- am{Xw. AXp-sIm-m-W-hsb PUw Fp ]d-bp--Xv. PU-h-kvXp-Aev]m-bp-p-I-fm-Wv.

Hcp Xncbvv F{X-t\cw Pe-n s]mn-\nmIgnbpw? Aev]-t\cw am{Xw. Ipdp Ign-m hn-S-t-p-Xs Xnc Xncn-p-t]m-Ipw. Xnc Fhn-sS-\n-mWv hXv?Pe-n\n-v. Pe-amWv Xnc-bpsS BZn-a-k-. Pe-n\nvthdn-smcp AkvXnX Xnc-bvn-. Xnc A\n-Xy-am-Wv. Pew\nXy-am-Wv. CsXmcp DZm-l-cWw am{X-am-Wv. Cu DZm-l-c-W-n-eqsS B-k--bpsS \nXy-Xzhpw \ma-cq-]--fpsS A\n-Xy-Xzhpw Kpcp hy-am-p-p. Fm X-fpw Am\-n\npw P\n-p--Xm-Wv. m\-n Xw Hgn-p-t]m-Ip-p. t_m[w sXfn-hp kXys Zin-p-p. hnZzm\ AXn-hmZo `hXn m\n AXn-hmZw sNp-n FvapWvU-tIm-]-\n-jv FSpp ]d-bp-p.

Btm]tZiiXIw 58

20De-In\p thsdmcp k-bn--Xp-spe-I-cp-c-Xp khaq-l-lo\wPf\p hnte-ibsap tXmn-bmepw\e-an-bepw aeame \mK-amtam?

De-In\v \ma-cq-]m--I-amb {]]--n\vthsdmcp k-bn B-k--bn\npw ` n-ambn

thsdmcp k-bn-.AXp-sv Chn-sS-Im-Wp Hmtcm-n\pw

thsd-thsd D-bp-svDe-I Dc-Xv P\- ]d-p-t]m-cp-Xvkhw FmwDul-lo\w bpn-bp--a-.Pf\v Am-\nvhnte-ibw ]mvFp tXmn-bmepw Dsp tXmn-bmepw\ew Cbepw tNtXm-l-c-ambaeame ]qame\mK-amtam? ]mmbn amdptam?

m a\p-jycpw tbmKm-I-ambn Nnn-p--h-c-.tbmKm--I-hn-Nmcw Xz-Nn-m-tem-Iv ` mc-X-ns

X\-Xmb kw`m-h-\-bm-Wv. ImgvN-m-Sns\ ka-{Khpw kao-Ir-X-hp-am-pI tbmKm--I-hn-Nm-c-ns {]tXy-I-X-bm-Wv.GsXmcp Nn-bpsSbpw ka-{K-Xv hy-amb Hcp ASn-d Dm-bn-cn--Ww. {]]--s-p-dnv hnNmcw \S-nb`mc-Xo-b- E-jn-I sNs-n-bXv Htc-sbmcp Imc-W-n\n-mWv Imcy-cq-]--fmb Cu {]]w Bhn`q-X-ambn ImW-s-Sp--sX \n-b-n-em-Wv. {]]--Im-c-Ws ASn-m-\-s-Sp-n-smv Nnn-m am{Xta Nn ka-{K-am-

F

Btm]tZiiXIw 59

hp-I-bp-q. Kpcp De-Ins ksb kh-k-am-t-jn-bmbBZn-a -Im -c -W-ambn FSp -p-Im-Wn -p-p. \m\m-Xz -smw Ccn-nSw \Ip Cu GI-k-bn ka-\z-bn-m hnNm-c-samw bpn-lo-\-am-Wv. Kpcp Dul-lo\w FmWv ]d-n-cn-p--Xv. ]c-a-Im-c-W-am-b B-k--bn Fm-n-t\bpw tbmPn-np a\-n-em-p-tmB Nn bpn-bp--am-Wv. Imc-W-n\npw A\y-ambnHcp Imcyn-\pw \ne-\nm-\m-hp-I-bn-. Ifn-a-n-s\-q-SmsX IpS-n-s\-s\ \ne-\nm Ignbpw? AXp-sImv Kpcp Dd-n-p-Xs ]d-bp-p: ""De-In\p thsdmcpk-bn'' Fv. CXp tIp-tm Cu temIw iq\y-am-sW- a\-n-em-tXv; temI-n-ep- Fm-n\pwA-am-bn-cn-p-Xv Htc-sbmcp BZn-a-k--Xs-bm-WvFm-Wv.

shfn-p-d-hp-aqew ]qame ImWp-tm `ocp-hn\v AXv]mm-sW {`aw Dm-Imw. hnte-ibw ]mm-Wv. ]qam-e-bpsS BIm-chpw ]mns BIm-chpw kam-\-am-Wv. AXp-sImv aqV\v Dm-Ip sXn-m-c-Wsb, Adn-hp- Hcmhv Xncp-n-sm-Sp-p-p. ]mmsWp hnNm-cnv `b-s Abm-fpsS a\-n ]qame ImWp-tm Dm-IpB-cy-\n`-c-amb ktmjw Kpcp FSp-p-Im-Wn-p-p.thZm--nse Ibdpw ]mpw F ZrjvSm--n\v Hcpamw hcpn Ib-dns m\v ]qam-esb {]Xn-jvTn-p-I-bmWv Kpcp sNp--Xv. Cu amw ]mc--cy-Nn--bnse HcpZmi-\n-I-hn--h-am-Wv. kqva-X-e--fn Ccw sImp-hn--h- Kpcp At\Iw \S-n-bn- p-v. BZn-a-k shdpw{]tbm-P-\-c-ln-X-am-b H. AXn \nln-X-am-bn-cn-pB\--amWv AXns aqeyw. ]qam-e-bm-sWp Xncn--dn-bp-m AXv IqSp-X {]nbw P\n-n-p-p. AXp-sImmWvthZm--nse ncw ZrjvSm--amb Ib-dn-s\-amn ]qam-esb Kpcp {]Xn-jvTn--Xv. {]tbm-P-\-aq-ey-s-bmWv ChnsSIqSp-X Dun--dbp--Xv.

Btm]tZiiXIw 60

21 {]nb-sam-cp-Pm-Xn-bn-sX{]nbw XzZo-b {]nb-a]c-{]n-b-sa--t\-I-ambn {]nb-hn-j-bw-{]Xn hnSpw {`aw X {]nba]-c-{]n-b-sa-dn-n-tS-Ww.

{]nbw Hcp PmXn Htc-sbmcpXcw {]nbtabpq.CXv F {]nbw CXv Fs CjvSw,XzZo-b-{]nbw \ns CjvSw,A]-c-{]nbw thsdm-cp-hs CjvSwFv At\-I-ambn F Xc-n Htc {]nbw-Xs

At\-I-{]n-b--fmbnocp--Xv.{]nb-hn-jbw {]Xn CjvS-hn-j-bfnhnSpw {`aw Dm-Ip {`aw \nan-amWv.X{]nbw Xs {]nb-amWvA]-c-{]nbw thsdm-cp-h-sbpw {]nbwFv Adn-n-tSWw Fp- kXyw a\-n-em--Ww.

bw B\--am-Wv. B\--n-te-p Pohn-I-fpsS Dp-JX P-k-l-P-am-Wv. B\--ns Ccn-nSw Hmtcm

Pohn-bnepw AXns AI-ta-X-s-bm-Wv. ]pdta Xnc-bp-XvB\--ns Ccn-nSw Adn-bm--Xp-sIm-m-Wv. B\whnj-b-n-X-a-, B-n-X-am-Wv. AXv Ht-bp-q. At\-I-an-. a\-ns A`n-c-an-m-\p hmk-\-sb-bmWv {]nb-ambn Fp--Xv. B {]nbw kqvam-n B-{]n-b-am-Wv. Bmhv GI-amWv. Bm-hnse {]nbhpw GI-am-Wv.AXp-sImv AXv Hcp PmXn Fp ]d-n-cn-p-p. PmXnF-Xn\v Xcw Ft A-sa-Sp-t--Xp-p. Fm Pohn-I-fnepw kpJw A\p-`-hn-m-\p {]h-WX GI-am-bn-cn-p--Xp-sIm-mWv {]nbw Hcp PmXn Fv Kpcp FSp-p-]dn-cn-p--Xv. ZpxJn-p-hm Bcpw CjvSsSm-dn-. AXp-sImv

{]n

Btm]tZiiXIw 61

ZpxJn-m-\p {]h-WX {]nb-ambn hcn-I-bn-. ZpxJsHgn-hm-m-\mWv Hmtcm Pohnbpw {ian-p--Xv. ZpxJsHgn-hm-p-Xv B-{]n-b-X-sIm-m-Wv. Bm-hn kl-P-ambn IpSn-sIm-p B\--\n`-c-X-bm-emWv Bm-hnFm Pohn-Ipw {]nbw P\n-p--Xv. Bm-hm-IsGIhpw khhym-]n-bp-am-Wv.

Fm Poh-\nse Al-m-a-a-Xm-Zn-I ImcWw Hcp-h hnj-b-tem-ep-]-\m-bn-o-cp-p. hnj-b-n-emWv B\--an-cn-p-Xv F {`aw \nan--amWv hnj-b-n Hcp-h\v {]nbw P\n-p--Xv. {`aw FXv Am-\-P-\y-ambsXn-m-c-W-bm-Wv. Ak-Xys kXy-ambn Icp-Xp--XmWv{`aw. Ak-Xy-amb temI-hn-j-b- kXy-sap Icp-Xp--Xp-sIm-p-X-s-bmWv hnj-b-{]n-b-X-bn Dun-\n-p-sImv Pohn-p-hm hyn-I {ian-p--Xv. {`aw Hcp-h-\n i-am-Ip-tm Ahs CjvS-ap- hnj-b-fpwhyXy-kvXfmbn-cn-pw. B-{]nbw ad-p-t]mbn Bm\v hnj-b-{]nbw hp-Iq-Sp-Xv Am-\w \nan--am-Wv. A-s\-bmWv Fs CjvSw, \ns CjvSw, Ah-cpsSCjvSw Fn--s\- CjvSm-\n-jvS- _lp-e--fmbn hvB-{]n-b-n\v hn`-P\w kw`-hn-p--Xv. CXp amn-sb-Sp--W-sa-n \apv {]nb-s--Xmbn tXmp Hcp Imcywthsdm-cmpw {]nbw Df-hm-p Ah-t_m-[-n ka-RvP-k-ambn tNWw. Bm-hn \njvT-bp Hcmvthsdm-cm-fpsS kpJs l\n-m-sX-Xs Xs kpJsIs-m Ign-bpw. Xs kpJw thsdm-cm-fpsS kpJ-n\vtlXp-I-amb coXn-bn ]I-cp-hm\pw Ign-bpw. m\n-ItemI-n\v ImWn-p-sIm-Sp amXrI AXm-Wv. BXy-n-I-ambn {]nb-hkvXp Bmhp am{X-amWv. Bm-hp-X-s-bmWv kh-hp-ambn {]Xn-`m-kn-p--Xv. Cmcyw FtmgpwHmthWw.

Btm]tZiiXIw 62

22{]nb-a-]-csbsX{]nbw, kzIo-b{]nb-a-]-c-{]n-b-an-{]-Im-c-amIpw\b-a-Xn-\mse \cp \ \evIpw{Inb-b-]-c-{]n-b-tl-Xp-hmbv htc-Ww.

{]nb-a-]-cs thsdm-cp-hs {]nbw GXmtWmAsX{]nbw AsX-sbpw {]nb-am-bv hc-Ww.kzIo-b-{]nbw F\np {]nb-s--XvA]-c-{]nbw asm-cp-h\pw {]nb-am-bv hc-Ww.C{]-Im-c-amIpw \bw CXmWv Pohn-Xs ka-c-k-s-

Sp-m\p Hcp t]mwh-gn.AXn-\mse {]nbw GI-am-bn-cn-p--Xp-Im-cWw\cp \\Ipw{Inb Hcp-h\v \-bp-m-p {]hrnA]-c-{]n-b- thsdm-cp-h-sbpw kpJ-n-\vtlXp-hmbv htcWw Imc-W-am-bn-oc-Ww.

hn-X-n\v \smcp s]cp-am--n thWw. AXn-s-nPohnXw Ae-tm-e-am-bn-o-cpw. [mn-I-amb Hcp

hyh-nXn {]]--kr-jvSn-bns Aeo-\-ambn InS-p-p-v. ]c-kv]cw CW-n-\np Hcp hyh--bmWv{]]--n \mw BIth Itm-Sn-m ImWp--Xv. CuCWw kl-P-am-Wv. am\p-jn-I-X-e-n-tev hcp-tmkrjvSn-{]-{In-b-bnse kl-P-amb Xmfw ` RvPn--s-Sp--Xp-Im-Wmw. a\p-jy bpn-]qhw Nnn-p Hcp Pohn-bm-Wv. Ahs bpn-bpsS ASn-m\w Xt-Xp-am-{X-ambkpJ-X-Xv]-c-X-bm-Wv. thsdm-cm-fpsS Pohn-X-n\v Fp kw -`hn-mepw Xs AsXmpw _m[n-p-I-bn Fv aqV-ambn Ah Nnn-p-p. Cu aqV-hn-izmkw {]]--ns[mn-I-hy-h-v FXn-cm-Wv. a\p-jy Hgn-sI-bp ap

Po

Btm]tZiiXIw 63

Pohn-Ismw Cuiz-cXs IrXy-amb s]cp-am--n- -I\In-bn- p-v. a\p-jy-s\mcp tXmym-kn-bm-Wv. tXmymkw]e-tmgpw [mn-I-ew-L\w IqSn-bm-Wv. hyn-bpsS Xmtm-n--cs Ah-t_m-[-ns shfn--n-emWv Xncp-t--Xv. AXn-\p \b-amWv Kpcp ]d-bp--Xv.

\app tXmn-b-Xp-t]m-se-sbmw sNp-I-bm-sW-nFhn-tSbpw kwLjw am{Xta apn-\np-I-bp-q. {]nb-ns Xe-n hcp ]nSnhm -in -IsIm-mWvkwLj- Dm-Ip--Xv. -Po-hn-X-n ka-\zbw sImp-h-c-W-sa-n \mw Nne \op-t]m-p-I-sfms \S--Ww.AXn\p Zmi-\n-I-amb Hcp ASn-d-bpw Dm-bn-cn--Ww.Hm-a-Xmbn, {]nb-ns ASn-m\w B-k--bm-sW--dn-bp-I. Bm-hns {]nbw Fm-h-cp-tSbpw {]nb-am-Wv.AXp-sImv Bm-hns {]nb-n-tev tNcp--Xns`mK-ambn \mw {]mY-an-I-ambn sNt-Xv thsdm-cm-fpsSCjvS-tbpw \psS CjvS-ns ]cn-K-W-\-bn-tevsImp-h-cm ]Tn-p-I-bm-Wv.

thsdm-cmv CjvS-s Imcyw \ap-pw-IqSn CjvS-sphcp-tm \mw Aev]wIqSn hnim-e-lr-Z-b-\m-bn-o-cp-p. Atm \apv {]nb--c-am-b Hv thsdm-cmpw{]nb--c-am-bn-o-cpw. \mw temI-n-\p-thn Pohn-p-I-bm-sW-n temIw \ap-p-th-nbpw Pohn-pw. \mwCuiz-c-\p-thn Pohn-p-I-bm-sW-n Cuiz-c \ap-p-th-nbpw Pohn-pw. `K-h-ZvKo-X-bn AXmWv ]c-kv]cw`mh-bx]c-kv]cw {]km-Zn-n-pI Fp ]d-bp--Xv. AXp-sImv F\nv \-bpm-p {]hrn thsdm-cm-fpsSPohn-X-n\p Xn-bmbn hcm ]mSn-. A{X-am{Xw Icp-X-temSpw Dsh-fn-thm-Spw-IqSn Pohn-m am{Xta {]nb--fnse kzc-e-bs Imp-kq-n-m \apv Ign-bp-I-bp-q.

Btm]tZiiXIw 64

A]-c-\p-th-n-b-l\niw {]bXv\wIr]-WX hnp Ir]mep sNbvXn-SppIr]-W-\-t[m-ap-J-\mbv InS-p-sNp]-P-b-Iah-p-thn am{Xw.

23

A]-c-\p-thn thsdm-cmp-thnAl\niw cm-I t -`Z-an-msXIr]-WX hnv kzmX Ifv{]bXv\w I-Ir]mep sNbvXn-Spp Ir]bp--h sNpp.Ir]-W kzmAt[m-ap-J-\mbv InSv A[-a-amb kpJ-t`m-K--fn apgpInA]-P-b-Iw [-hntcm-[n-bmb IwAh-p-th-n--am{Xw Xs am{Xw kpJ-n-\p-thnsNpp sNpp.

]-W-Xbpw Ir]m-ep-Xzhpw ]c-kv]-c-hn-tcm-[n-I-fmb cvat\m-` m-h--fm-Wv. Ncn-{X-n Cu cv at\m-` m-h-

Gdnbpw Ipdpw amdn-amdn hp-sIm-n-cn-p--Xp-Im-Wmw._p\pw tbiphpw \_nbpw \mcm-b-W-Kp-cphpw Ir]m-ep--fm-Wv. lnv-edpw aptm-fn-\nbpw Ae-Ivkm-dpw sNn-kvJm\pw Ir]-W-m-cm-Wv. Ah shn-n-Sn-m {ian-XvAh-cpsS Al-m-c-[mjvSy-fn\n-m-Wv. Ir]m-ep-temI-n-\p-thn Xs-s \nth-Zn--h-cm-Wv. Hcp apS--\mb BnIp- nsb cn-p-hm-\mbn {io_p- kzwincv Ipcp-Xn--n shp-sIm-Sp-p. {io\mcm-b-W-KpcpIpp-dp-p-I-sf-tmepw t\mhn-m-Xn-cn-p a\v hfn-sb-Sp--W-sav \tmSv ]d-p. Alnw-k-bn-emWv Ir]-bpsS Ccn-n-Sw. Ir] XnIpw ssZhn-I-amb Hcp KpW-am-Wv.

Ir

Btm]tZiiXIw 65

kl-Po-hn-I-fnepw Xs Pohs XpSn-p-I sXm -dn-bp--h-\mWv Ir]m-ep. Ir]mep Fp sNp-tmgpw AXv khn-tbpw lnXw am\n-m-Wv sNp-I. Fhn-sS-sb-nepw thZ-\bpwbmX-\bpw ImWp-tm Ir]m-ep-hns a\w Aen-bpw. Ah-cpsS ZpxJ-\n-hm-c-W-n-\p-thn Ir]mep X\n-m-hp--sXmwsNp-p. an a\p-jycpw kzw `mcy, Ipn-I F IpSp-mb XmXv]-cy--fnam{Xw HXpnq-Sp--h-cm-Wv.- A-Xn-\-p-d-smcp temI-ap-sv Ah Nnn-mt]mepw sa\-s-Sm-dn-. As\bp at\m-` m-h-s-bmWv Ir]-WX FvKpcp hnti-jn-n-p--Xv.

F-t-mfpw Ir]-WX Cp P\--fn Bth-in-n-cn-p-I-bm-Wv. Hcp `qXm-th-iw-t]mse P\w kzm-X-bpsSIpSp-mb IpSpw-_-]-m--e-n-tev Dh-en-p-sIm-n-cn-p-XmWv \mw ImWp--Xv. Cu Dh-en-b-ens\ AWp-Ip-Spw_w (nuclear family) FmWv hnfnp--Xv. A\pwAbpw aI\pw aIfpw am{Xw AS-p Hcp IpSpw-_w. Ah-cpsS kpJw am{X-amWv Ah At\z-jn-p--Xv. kpJw Is-p-hm-\p- {]bm-W-n F{X Bfp-Isf thW-sa-nepwZpxJn-n-p-hm Ah aSn ImWn-p-n-. CXmWv Ir]-WsPohn-X-co-Xn. Ir]-W Xs t\ -n-\p-thn kl-Po-hn-I-sf-sbmw Nhn- n-sa-Xnv IS-p-t]m-Ipw. BsI a\p-jycpsSBsI \-sb-p-dnv Ah-s\mcp hnNm-chpw Dm-bn-cn-pI-bn-. As\ hnNm-c-an-m--hs Iw Zqjn-X-amb I-am-Wv. AXn-s\-bmWv A]-P-b-Iw Fp hnfn-p--Xv.B[p-\n-I-tem-Iv Ip-h-cp D]-t`m-K-kw-kvIrXn Ir]-W-X-bpsS Cun--n\npw P\nv am\-h-cm-insbImp-Xn-p-sIm-n-cn-p hnj-en]vX at\m-`m-h-amWv.AXv Hcp A_p-Z-am-bn hfcpw. AXp a\p-jys\ hne-a-Xn-p-I-b sNp--Xv, Ah-a-Xn-p-I-bmWv sNp--Xv. \Hcp Pohn-X-n\v AXp-sImv \-fnse Ir]-WX If-bp-I.Ir]m-ep-Xzs DWn hnI-kn-n-s-Sp-p-I. temI-n\pkzkvXn `hn--s.

Btm]tZiiXIw 66

24Ah-\n-h-s\--dn-bp--sXm-s-tbmmeh-\n-bn--em-Zn-a-am-sbm-cm--cq]wAh-\-h-\m--kp-J-n-\m-N-cn-ph-b-]-cp kpJ-n-\mbv htc-Ww.

Ah Ch Fv Ah Fpw Ch Fpw \mwAdn-bp--sXms thsd thsd Adn-bp--sXmsHmm hnNn-\w sNbvXmAh-\n-bn temI-nBZn-a-amb krjvSnpw \nZm-\-am-bn-cn-pHcp B-cq]w Htc-sbmcp B-k-Xyta Dq.Ah\h Hmtcm-cp-cpwB-kp-J-n\v kzw kpJ-n-\p-thnBN-cn-p-h sNp {]hr-n-IA]-cv ap-hpw-IqSnkpJ-n-\mbv htcWw kpJw \I-Ww.

I-n Htc-sbmcp B-k-tb Dq. B B-k--bmWv Fnepw \nnepw Ah-\nepw Ch-\nepw

Hs B[m-c-k--bmbn hn-p--Xv. B k-bn\n-mWv Rm\pw \nfpw Cu {]]-hpw Bhn`-hn-n-cn-p--Xv. BZnaw F hnti-jWw kh-{]m-Wn-Ipw _oP-am-bn-cn-p-Xv F A-n-emWv ChnsS {]bp--am-bn-cn-p--Xv. Htc-sbmcp amXm-hn\n-mWv \-sf-m-hcpwDS-se-Sp-n-cn-p--Xv. km[m-c-W-bmbn a\p-jy IwsNp-tmtgm kw`mjW-n Gs-Sp-tmtgm Cm-cy-sampw Hmm-dn-. AXp-sImv Ah Fp \ ]d-bp-tm \-n\npw A\y-amb GtXm Hcp hyn-bmWvAh F tXm-emWv Df-hm-Ip--Xv. Hcp lnp ]d-bpw:Ah {InkvXym-\nbm-Wv, Ah apo-amWv Fsms.

tem

Btm]tZiiXIw 67

{InkvXym-\nbpw apoapw CtX-t]m-se-Xs lnphn-s\--nbpw "Ah' Fp ]d-bpw. cmjv{So-b-nepw ImWmw C-s\-bp- tNcn-Xn-cn-hp-I. Ah Iyq-Wn-m-Wv, tIm{K-mWv, _nsP-]n-bmWv Fsm-s. F-s\-bmWv CuA\yXzw \-n-tep IS-p-h-cp-Xv? \mw \psS imco-cn-I-k--sb-bmWv Rm\mbn Icp-Xp--Xv. imco-cn-I-k--bpsSAkvXn-Xzs am\-Z-WvU-amn hp-sIm-mWv \psStemI-ns AXnn \n-bn-p--Xv. Cu {]mY-an-I-amb sXns\ Xncp-msX temI-n ka-\zbhpw kam-[m-\hpw sImp-h-cm-\mhp-I-bn-.

\-psS hnZym-`ym-k-nepw aX-t_m-[-\-n-ep-samwCu sXv Bhnv Dd-n-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. Htc-sbmcpB-k--bmWv kh-N-cm-N-c--fnepw kXy-am-bn-cn-p--sX A\p-`-h-t_m[am-bn-cn-Ww Hcp a\p-jys\ DZm--am-t--Xv. As\bmWv Hcp-h Xs kpJ-n-\mbn{]hn-p-Xv Fm-h-cp-tSbpw kpJ-n\v tlXp-hmbn`hn-p-Xv. Chn-sS-bmcpw \n\nv A\y-c. Bm-hn\npw AI--h-c-. hymh-lm-cn-I-\n-b-n-\p-thnam{Xw Ah, Ch Fsms ]d-bmw. AXp-sImmWvKpcp A]-c F hmv D]-tbm-Kn-n-cnp-Xv. A]-cFm ]c Am--h. {]Xy--n thsd-bm-sW-nepw ]c-am-n Xn\npw thsd-b-m-h.Cmcyw \-hw a\\w sNbvXp-d-nv Iw sNptmtemI-ns imn-p-thn apd-hnfn Iqt Bh-iy-an-. Hmtcm-cp-cpw Ah-c-hcpsS imnp-thn B-t_m-[-tmsS Iw sNp-tm AXv ka-kvX-Xbvpw kpJ-I-c-ambn ` hn-pw. Fm-h-cnepw imn kzm`m-hn-I-ambn hp-tNpsIm-pw.

Btm]tZiiXIw 68

25Hcph-\p-\-Xpa\y-\-epw tNsmcp sXmgn-em--hn-tcm-[n-tbmn-tS-Ww.]c\p ]cw ]cn-Xm-]-ta-In-Sp-tmsccn-\-c-Im-_v[n-bn hosW-cn-n-Sp-p.

Hcp-h\p \Xpw Hcmv \ hcp-p-XpwA\y\v Aepw thsdm-cmv ZpxJhpwtNsmcp sXmgn hcp-n-h-bvp--Xmb {]hrnB-hn-tcm[n Bm-hnse kl-P-amb

sFIyn\v \nc-p-X-.Hmn-tSWw Cmcyw ad-p-t]m-Im ]mSn-.]c\v thsdm-cmv]cw- ]-cn-Xm]w ]c-a-amb thZ-\sbGIn-Sp-tm Gev]n-p--hFcn-\-cIm-_v[n-bn In-sb-cn-bp \c-I-k-am-\-

amb ZpxJ--S-enhoWv Fcn-n-Spp hoWv Xo{h-ambn t\mh-\p-`-hn-

tn hcp-p.

m-hnemWv Fmw kzc-e-b-s-n-cn-p-Xv. kl-P-amb Hcp sFIyw Bm-hn-\p-v. Bm-hn Hpw-

Xs ]c-kv]cw Ie-ln-p-n-. a\v Ie-l-`q-an-bm-Wv.Ipcp-t-{X-am-Wv. AXp-sImv B-t_m-[n-bmb HcmIw sNp-tm AXp ka-kvX-Xpw lnX-I-c-ambn ` hn-p-p. Hcp XSm-I-nse \n-e-P-e-cm-in-bn-tev sNdn-sbmcp Is-Sp-s-dn-m aXn, AXn Ae-I-fpsS Btm-f\w D-mIm. Ae-am-e-I Dm-Ip--Xv, AXns kzm`m-hn-I-amb kz-X-bn-tev Xncn-p-h-cp-hm\m-Wv. AXpt]m-se-Bmhv AXns kz-X-bn-tev Xncn-p-h-cp-hm {iaw\S-n-sm-n-cn-p-p. Fm ]ecnepw imco-cn-Ihpwam\-kn-I-hp-amb XmZm-y-t_m[m BssIyw \jvS-

B

Btm]tZiiXIw 69

s-Sm-dp-v, ad-p-t]m-Im-dp-v. Hcmv \ hcp-p{]hrn thsdm-cmv Xn hcp-pI-bm-sW-n AXvBm-hns sFIyn\p \nc-p--X-. AXp-sImvAXns\ Kpcp B-hn-tcm[n Fp ]d-bp-p. t_m[-]qhwNne ap-hv D]-{Zhw Gev]n-m-dp-v, ap--hsc]oUn-n-m-dp-v. Xs kpJ-n-\p-thn thsdm-cp-hsPoh-s\-tmepw l\n-p-hm Nne DZy-an-p-p. A-s\-bp--h sImSpw-]m-X-In-I-fm-Wv.

Hcp-hs Iw \-Xm-sW-n \ ^es Ah\vInpw. No Iw sNp--h\v km-]s Dm-p^e-amWv e`n-p-I. \manp ZpxJw A\p-` -hn-p-p-s-nB ZpxJ-n\p tlXp-I-amb I- \mw FtmtgmsNbvXnp-v. AXp-sIm-v thsdm-cmv Icp-Xn-qn ]cn-Xm]w Gev]n-p--h \c-Im-nv kam-\-amb ZpxJ--S-en hoWv In-sb-cn-bpw. Bmhv kzbta AXns GI-Xm-\-X-bn hn-p-sa-nepw Iw sNp--h\v IXr-Xz-t_m[w Df-f-Xn-\m I--fpsS ^e-fpw AhXs Gp-hm-tn hcpw. acn--Xn\p tij-sampw BIWsan-. Cu P-nXs I-^ew AXns Im-hn-tep Xncnp hcmw. \cIw F hmv ZpxJ-ns Xo{hm-h-sb ImWn-p-hm-\m-Wv. AsXmcp {]tXyI {]hn-iy-b-.\c-I-bm-X-\-I Ftm thW-sa-nepw \n-fn-tepXncnp hcmw. AXp-sImv Bm-hns GI-Xm-\-Xv \nc-p I- am{Xw A\p-jvTn-p-I. ZpjvS-em-p I- Dt]-n-p-I. [mnIPohn-Xs hne-bp--XmbnIcp-Xp--h Cu D]-tZiw \-hw Hmn-cn--Ww.Alnw-k-bmWv ]c-a-amb [w Fv Ejn-am Zin-n-cpp. I-n lnwk-bp-s-n kzm`m-hn-I-ambn AXvB-hn-tcm-[n-bm-Ip-p. Bm-hnse \nebpw Pohn-X-nselnwkm-cm-ln-Xyhpw Hcp-an-np sImp-t]m-Ip-Xv tbmKm--I-Po-hn-X-ns cl-ky-am-Wv. Cu Hm {]Im-i-h-m-bn-cn--s.

Btm]tZiiXIw 70

26Ah-b-h-sam-s-b-an-bm-Wn-bmbv \nhb-hn-bm-hn-sb-bm-h-cn-n-SppAh-\n-h-s\--Xn-\m-e-h \n\-bvph-i-X-bm-a-hn-th-I-sam-n-\mte.

Ah-bhw Hs Fm Ah-b-h--tfbpwAan kzh-i-K-amnBWn-bmbv \nv Hcp tI{-_np-hmbn hn-pAh-bhn PohBhnsb Bm-hns\Bh-cn-n-Spp ad-p-I-f-bpp.AXn-\m AXn-\mAh-i-Xbmw kzm-k--bmb Bm-hn\p

hi-s-SmAhn-thIw t_m[-iq-\yXHn-\mte Hp \nan--ambnAh Ch Fv Ah thsd Ch thsd F

Xc-nAh \n\-bvpp Ah-i-\mb Ahn-thIn \n\-bvp-p.

wKe-`m-j-bn Ah-b-h-n\v organ FmWv ]d-bp--Xv. \nc-h[n Ah-b-h- Hn-p-tNv kzbta

{]hn-p-Xp-S-p-tm AsXmcp organism B-bnocp-p. \-psS ico-c-nepw Iptd-tbsd Ah-b-h-fpv. CuAh-b-h--sfms tXmn-b-Xp-t]m-se-b {]hn-p--Xv. ssI Db-W-sav Cn-p-Xpw Im hen--W-sav Cn-p-Xpw Cu Ah-b-h--sf-sbms CW-n-\np Ah-b-hn-bm-Wv. Ah-b-hn Fp ]d-m orga-nizer. Ah-b-hnsbbmWv Poh Fp ]d-bp--Xv. Npa-cnXdbvp Hcp BWn-t]mse Poh Fm {]h-\-

B

Btm]tZiiXIw 71

pw tI{o-Ir-X-t\-XrXzw \Ip-p. ]t, Poh-\m-Is imco-cn-I-Xm-Zm-y-m hymtam-ln-X-\m-Wv. Xs ico-c-amWv Xs k Fv Poh sXn--cn-n-cn-p-p. Xsicn-bmb k ico-c-a-, Bm-hmWv Fv [-cn-p--XmWvkXym-h-[m-c-Ww. BWn Al-m-c-am-Wv. BWn t]mI-Ww.BWn-t]m-bm hyn-tI-{-n hn-n-cp Pohkhm--`m-hn-bm-bn-o-cp-p. ka-kvX-X-bnepw XsDsb A`n-Zin-p-hm Ign-bp-Xv hyy-l-m-c-n\v\miw kw`-hn-p-tm-gm-Wv.

Bm-hns\ Bhn FmWv Kpcp hnfn-n-cn-p--Xv.Hmw ]Zy-n ]d-bp Icphpw ChnsS ]d-bp BhnbpwHp-X-s. Fm Cu Bmhv PohXzw ImcWw ad-p-t]m-bn-cn-p-p. CXmWv Ah-iX. B-h-ip\np-hm hnthIw thWw. AXn\p Ign-b-W-sa-nA\m--h-ip \app hn- p- sIp-]m-Sp-I Agn-p-t]mI-Ww. Ah-iX Ah-km-\n--Ww. Ah-i-Xbpw Ahn-th-Ihpw Imc-W-amWv Ah thsd Ch thsd Fp-Xp-_p-n-bm Hcm {]-hn-p--Xv. B-km-m-XvIm-c-Z-i-bn am{Xta Hcp-h\v GImXm-t_m[w A\p-`-h-ambnhcnI-bp-q. hyn-I-fn Ip-h-cp kzP-\]-]m-XhpwaX--cm-jv{Sob A`n-\n-th-i-fpw kp-NnX tZio-b-t_m-[hpw Ah-i-X-bpsS _mly-Nn---fm-Wv. \psS _lp-am-\y-cmb ]e t\Xm--mcpw Bym-n-IZr-jvSn-bn Ah-i-m-cm-Wv. Ah-iX hyn-Xz-nse tcmKm-Xp-c-X-bm-Wv.kaq-l-ns tcmKm-Xp-c-Xbvv NnIn \evIm Kpcp-hnsAh-t_m-[-\-{]-[m-\-amb {]h-\- hf-sc-b-[nIwklm-b-I-ambn `hn-n-p-v. Cpw kaqlw BIth Ah-i-amb \ne-]m-Sp-I-fn-emWv Ign-p-t]m-Ip--Xv. AXn-\p ]cn-lmcw cmjv{So-b-tam, {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-]-ctam A. Bym-n-I-am-Wv.

Btm]tZiiXIw 72

27Ccp-fn-en-cp--dn-bp--Xm-Ip-am-mhdn-h-Xp-Xm-\Y \ma-cq-]-ambpwIc-W-sam-Sn-{n-b-Ir-I-ambpwhcp-hXp ImI! atl-{-Pm-e-sa-mw!

Ccp-fn-en-cpv Ccp Ah--bn Ccp-vAdn-bp--XmIpw Bm Adn-p-sIm-n-cn-p--XmWv

Bm-hv.Adnhv AXp Xm AXp Adnhp Xs-bmWv.AY ]noSv B Adn-hp-XsbmWv\ma-cq-]-ambpw \ma-ambpw cq]-ambpwIc-W-samSv A--cWw apXC{n-bIXr-I--ambpw C{n-b-, Im-hv, Iw hschcp-hXv {]Xo-X-am-Ip--Xv.ImI t\mq.Fmw atl-{-Pmew! Fmw al-mb C{-Pm-ew-X-s!

m-hns\ ]q-ambpw \nh-Nn-m Ign-bn-. Fn-cp-mepw hNn-m-hp--Xns ]camh-[n-bmWv Kpcp

]d-n-cn-p--Xv Ccp-fn-en-cpv Adn-bp--XmIpw Bm.kh Ic-W-fpw {]h-\-c-ln-X-am-Ip-tmgpw "Rm\p'vF A\p-` hw kZm {]Im-in-p-sIm-n-cnpw. Bmhns\Ip-sImtm _pn-sImtm ImWm-Xn-cnm Imc-W-sa-mWv? AXv Ccp-fn-emWv Ccn-p-Xv. Ccpfn-en-cn-ps]mcp-fmWv Bm-hv. Ccp-fm-Ip ad-bn-emWv Bm-hns\apgp-h\pw kaml-cnp-h-n-cn-p--Xv. Ccp Ahn-Zy-bm-Wv.kpjp-]vXn-bn Cu Ccp Ghpw A\p-`-h-ap--Xm-Wv.Bm-hns\ ad-p-sImv Ahn-Zy-bpsS Bh-c-W-in {]_-e-am-Ip--XmWv kpjp-]vXn. Bmhv shfn--am-sW-nepw

B

Btm]tZiiXIw 73

B shfn-s XmXvm-en-I-am-sb-nepw ad-bvp-hm Ahn-Zybvp Ign-bp-p. AXp-sImv Ccp-fn-\-p-d-p- s]mcp-fns\ ImWm {ian-p-tm-sgms {]]--{]-Xo-Xn-I-fmWvImWp--Xv. -D-d--n \mw Hpw Adn-bm-dn--tm? FmB Hpw Adn-bm-Xn-cn-p Adn-hn-m-bva-p-nepw temI-hn-j-b- ]n-qSn ad-n-cn-p-p-v. Nne-tm kz]v\-n- Ah Xn--bdn hcpw. PmK-cn-X-n AXp Iptd-qSn hy-ambn tXmpw. PmK-cn-Xhpw kz]v\hpw ]cw-s]m-cp-fns ZrjvSn-bn hen-sbmcp kz]v\w am{X-am-Wv. Dd--nepw DWn-cn-p Bm-hn-tev \mw DW-c-Ww. Dd-p thf-bn kpJw A\p-`-hn-p-sm-n-cn-p \mwBm-\p-` -h-n-em-Wv. ]t, DW-Xn-\p-tijw am{XtaB kpJs Hmn-p-hm Ign-bp-p-q. Dd-p-tmgpw"Rm' DWn-cn-p-p-sh Dt_m[w sXfn--hm\n-bm-bn.

\ Ccp-p-ap-dn-bn Ccn-p-tmgpw Rm, Rm FD bmsXmcp D]m-[n-bp-an-msX \ap--\p-`-hn-m-\m-Ipw.B GI-amb Bm-hmWv ]noSv \ma-cq-]m--I-amb Cuhniz-ambn \psS apn {]Xn-`m-kn-p--Xv. B Bm-hp-X-s-bmWvv A-c-W--fmbpw C{n-b--fmbpwIm-hmbpw I-ambpw amdn-a-d-bp--Xv. Bm-hnX-s-bn-cn-p Hcp {]tXyI in-Nm-e-\w-sIm-mWv CsXmwkw`-hn-p--Xv. Cu Ap-X-I-c-amb C{-Pm-es [ym\m--I-ambn amdn-\np \nco-n-p-I. hni-Zo-I-cn-m-\m-hmAp-X-amWv Pohn-Xw. \psS ImgvN-I-fpsS bmYmysXnc-p-t]m-Ip-tm Adn-hns aqe-n sNs-p-p.AhnsS {`a-tfm hn{`m-n-Itfm A\p-`-h-s-Sp-n-.XnI imnbpw kz-Xbpw am{Xw. Ccp-fns kv]i-ta-evm sXfna AhnsS \ndp s]cp-Ipp.

Btm]tZiiXIw 74

28ASn-ap-Sn-b--Sn-sXmp auen-bwkv^ pS-a-dn-bp-Xp Xpcy-t_m-[-amIpwPU-a-dn-ho-eXp Nn sNbvXp sNmpnS-bn-en-cp--dn-h--dn-n-tSWw.

ASn apSn Av ASn-sbtm apSn-sbtm Dt`Z-Nn CmXmbn

ASn-sXmp auen-bw Fm ASn apX apSn hsckv^pSw Adn-bp-Xv sXfn-a-tbmsS Adn-bp-XvXpcy-t_m-[-amIpw Xpcy-t_m-[-amWv.PU-a-dn-hoe PU-h-kvXp- Xpcy-t_m-[s

Adn-bp-n-.AXv B Xpcy-t_m[wNn-sNbvXv sNmp Nnnv Fn-t-cm-hpCS-bn-bn-encp Adn-h Xe-n hcp Adn-h-.Adn-n-tSWw Cmcyw a\-n-em--Ww.

-t_m[w PmK-cn-X-ntem kz]v\-ntem kpjp-]vXn-bntem A\p-`-hn--dn-bp Adn-h-. `mhm-`m-h-

m-\-a-. aq-h--I-tfbpw Dw-Ln-p-\np AXo-X-t_m-[-amWv B-t_m-[w. AXp-sImv AXns\ \mem-atXv F A-n Xpcobw Fpw ]d-bmdp-v.Xpcobw hmkvX-h-n Hc-h--b-; Ah-m-{X-b-km-n-bm-Wv. Xpcy-t_m[w kmn-ssN-X-\y-am-Wv. km[m-c-W-_p-n-sImp Nnn-p-tm-gmWv ASn, apSn Fsm-s-bp-am\- Dm-bn-h-cp--Xv. km[m-cW _pn `uXn-I-hn-j-b--fp-ambn _-s- mWv {]hnp ioen-n- pXv. AXp-sImv a\-n hcp tNmZy-smw _pn Dcw]d-bp-Xv \ofw, hoXn, Db-cw, I\w Fo Af-hpI-fpsSam\-Z-WvU- D]-tbm-Kn-p-sIm-m-Wv. Fm Xpcy-t_m-

B

Btm]tZiiXIw 75

[-am-Is Af-h--Xm-Wv. Hcp Xc-n-ep- Af-hp-tImsImpw Af-m Ign-bm{X hym]vXn-bmWv Xpcy-t_m-[-n-\p--Xv.

Xpcy-t_m[w A\--am-Wv. AXp-sImv ASn-sbtmapSn-sbtm D hn`-P\w Xpcy-t_m-[-n hcp-n-.Fm Xpcy-t_m-[-n ASn-bn-ep ` qanbpw apSn-bn-epBIm-ihpw Dtn-cn-p-p. Xpco-bm-\p-`-h-nm\w kv^Sn-I-k-m-i-amb sXfn-a-bn Fn-t-cp-p.kwibw teiw-t]m-ep-an-m \nP-n-Xn. C{n-b-fpwa\pw _pn-bp-samw P-U-h-kvXp---fm-Wv. AXn\p kzbta{Kln-p-hm-\p- in-bn-. Bm-hns {]Im-i-n-emWvAhsbmw {]Im-in-p--Xv. AXp-sImv PU-h-kvXp-fmb C{n-bm---c-W-v Xpcy-t_m[w hnj-bo-`-hn-p-n-. Nnntm A\p-am-\ntm FSp-m-hp H Xpcy-t_m-[w. Fm Nn-Ifpw A\p-`-h--fpsS ap{Z-W--fmbkvac-WIfp-ambn _-s- mWv {]hn-p--Xv. FmXpcy-t_m-[-am-Is As\-sbmcp kvac-W-bp-a-. AXn-\mAXns\ Nnn--dn-bm-\m-Ip-sap Icp-Xp-Xv A_--am-Wv.Fm D]m-[n-Ifpw Dt]-nv, Adn-hns\ kzbw {]Im-in-p-hm hnp-sIm-Sp-p-tm Xpcy-t_m[w kqcy-Xpeyw {]Im-in-pw. CXmWv B-km-m-XvIm-cw. ASn- sXm v auen-bwkv^ pS-a-dn-bpI FXv Nn-sbm-gn m\-am-Wv. NnbpwNn-I\pw Htc-t]mse Xntcm-`-hn--Ww. Nnn-p-tmASn apSn, AXv CXv F tZi-Im-e-t_m[w a\p-jys Adn-hns kv^ pS-Xsb sISp-n--f-bp-p.- Zz-z--f-I t_m[-amWv Xpcy-t_m-[w.

Btm]tZiiXIw 76

29a\-a-e sImbvXp atli ]qP sNpwa\p-P\p asmcp the sNbvXn-tS.h\-a-e sImbvXp-a-X--bm-bvIn ambma\p-hp-cp-hn- p-an-cn-n amb amdpw.

a\-a-e sImbvXv a\-nse kev]-hn-Iev]--fm-Ip ]q \pn-sb-Spv

atl-i-]qP sNpw atl-i\v An-pa\p-P\v a\p-jy\vasmcp the thsdmcp km[\

sNbvXn-tS sNt Bh-iy-an-.

h\-a-e sImbvXpw As-n ]qs-Sn-I-fn\npw]q s]mnv Anpw

AX--bm-bvIn C\n AXp-a-s-nambm-a\p Dcp-hnpw ambm-a{w Dcp-hnvCcn-n km[\ sNp-I-bm-sW-namb amdpw Xpcy-t_m-[s ad-p-]n-Sn-p

amb amdn-tmIpw.

\p-jy Fm-hcpw t_m[-hn-Im-k-ns Imcy-n Htc-X-c-n-ep--h-c-. Nne B-X-zs s]sp {Kln-

p-p. Nne-cm-Is {Kln-m Ign-bmsX Ipg-p-t]m-Ip-p. Hmtcm-cp--cnepancn-p hmk\-bmWv Ahs CjvSm-\n-jvS-sf \n-bn-p--Xv. hnjbhmk-\-bpsS insbbn-n-t-Xv B-X-z-{K-l-W-n\v AXy-m-t]-n-X-am-Wv. AXn-\mbn aqp D]m-b- Kpcp ChnsS ]d-p-X-cp-p. CXp \s Aym--amK-n klm-bn-phm\m-Wv. Hmtcm-cp-pw CW-p-Xp am{Xw kzoI-cn-p-I.]t, GXp km[\ sNp-tmgpw eyw B-km-m-

a

Btm]tZiiXIw 77

XvIm-c-am-sW Imcyw ad-m ]mSn-. Aym--km-[-\-Isf Imbn-Iw, hmNn-Iw, am\-knIw Fp aqmbn Xncn-mw. Ch-bn Imbn-I-km-[\ qe-_p-n-Ip--Xm-Wv.hmNnI-km-[\ ay-a-_p-n-Ip--Xm-Wv. am\-kn-I-km-[\D-a-_p-n-Ip--Xm-Wv.

]q hncn-bp--Xp-t]m-se-bmWv a\-n kev]-Ap-cn-p--Xv. Fm A\p-`-h-fpw k-ev]-X-e-n-emWvBZyw A\p-`q-X-am-hp-I. Cu kev]--sf ]qPm-]p-jv]--fmbn IcpXn A-cm-m-hm-Ip atl-i\v A\ \S-p {]{Inb XnIpw [ym\m--I-am-Wv. Nn-n\v GIm-{KXssIh-cn Hcp km[-I\p am{Xta C-s\-sbmcp km[-\-bn Db Inp-I-bp-q. Cu am\-tkm-]m-k-I\v thsdHcp km[-\-bpsS Bh-iy-an-. Abm t{X-ntem]n-bntem t]mtIXn. B km[-I ]c-am-m-hm-Ip_nw_-n a\-m-Ip ]qPm-]p-jv]s An-p--Xn-eqsS \nhr-Xn-bpsS ]c-a-Im-jvTsb {]m]n-p-p. A{XbpwBym-nIamb HuXyw Bn-m Ignnn-s-n hnj-an-t-. Ipdp Imp-]q- Cdpv atl-i\vA-\-bmbn \Insmv Nn-sscyw ssIh-cn-mw.CXv Imbn-I-km-[-\-bm-Wv. {]I-S-ambn \S-p Ccw ]qP-Iv {]Nmctadm ImcWw B[p-\nI D]-t`m-K-k-aq-l-n qe-` p-p-I-fpsS Fw hn--Xp-sIm-m-Wv. atl-i FXpsImv ]c-am-m-hn-s\--s-bmWv Kpcp hnh-n-p--Xv. AXpa-s-n hmNn-I-amb a{-P-]s km[-\-bmbn A\p-jvTn-mw. AXn-s\mcp a{w thWw. a{wPoh--B--t`-Zs AIn BssIyw Dd-n-p-p. a\-nse amen-\y- \onbmte CsXmw km[y-am-Iq.hnip--amb Fm {K-fpw Kpcq-]-tZ-i-fpw a{--fm-Wv. Ah \nc-cw kzmymbw sNbvXmepw aXn. kwi-bn-t. ambm-apX-e-bpsS ]nSn-bn\npw km[-I\p ]pd-p-I-S-m Ign-bpw. hnizm-k]qhw A\p-jvTn-p-I.

Btm]tZiiXIw 78

30PU-a-dn-ho-e-dn-hnp Nn-bn-tmXnSp-I-bp-an--dn-sh--dn-p khwhnSp-In-e-h hni-Zm--cw-K-\mbv taepS-en-e-ap-g-ep--Xn \q\w.

PUw Adn-hoe PU-n\v Adn-bm Ign-bp-I-bn-.Adn-hnp Nn-bn- Xpcy-t_m-[-n Nn-I-fn.HmXn-Sp-I-bpan- B A\p-`hw hmp-I-fn-tev

]Ip-hm\pw Bhp-I-bn-.Adn-sh--dn-p Xpcy-t_m-[s Adn-bm D]m-

[n-bpsS Bh-iy-an- F-dnvkhw hnSp-In PU-kw-_--amb Fm sIp-]m-

Sp-Ifpw Dt]-n-p-I-bm-sW-nAh Hcp-hhniZ A-cw-K-\mbv AXn-cp-I-fn-m NnZm-Im-i-n

\nd-n-cn-p--h-\mbnocp-p.ta ]noSvDS-en Aav Rm ico-c-am-sW-p

Am-\-n\v hi-K-\mbnDg-ep--Xn- ZpxJn-p-n-.\q\w CXp Xo-bm-Wv.

F-dn-bp-tmgpw Nnn-m-dp-v. Nnn-msX Hpw\apv Adn-bm Ign-bn-. Nnn--dn-bp Adn-hp-

Ifpw A\p-`-h-fpw am{Xta \apv ]cn-N-b-ap-q. FmFtm-gmtWm Nn-I-sfmw \nhr--am-Ip-Xv, hnc-an-p-Xv Atm-gmWv Xpcy-t_m[w {]Im-in-p--Xv. Cu Xpcy-t_m[w a\-p -sImtm _pn -sImtm C{n -b -sImtm Hpw {Kmlnm-hp Xc-n-ep--X-. ImcWw

\mw

Btm]tZiiXIw 79

Ch-sbmw PU-h-kvXp--fm-Wv. PU-h-kvXp-sImvssNX-\ys Adn-bm Ign-bp-I-bn-. ssNX\yw Nnsb\nan--am-n-bmWv temIs Adn-bp--Xv. Nnbvv kzbwAdn-bm Ign-bp-I-bn-. ssNX\yw kzbw-{]-Im-i-I-am-b-Xp-sImv thsdm-ns shfn--an-m-sX-Xs {]Im-in-p-p.apWvU-tIm-]-\n-j-n ]d-bp-p, Xta-h-`mw A\p-`mXnkhw Xky `mkm kh-anZw hn`mXn kzbw {]Im-in-p-\n-evp ssNX-\y-ns shfn--n asmw {]Im-in-p-\n-evp-p. Xpcy-t_m[w GIm--{]-Xy-b-km-c-am-b-Xn-\m,thsd Hn-sbpw klm-b-an-msX kzbta Adn-bpp.AXm-bXv \mw \s-s A\-\y-ambn Adn-bpp. PU-h-kvXp- {]ta-b-m\v \nevp-tm ssNX\yw {]ta-b-am-Ip-n-. {]ta-b- hmMva-b--fm-Wv. ssNX-\yshmn HXp-p-hm km[y-a-. HmXp-hm Ign-bp-I-bn-. HmXp-tm ssNX-\y-amb Bmhv sRcnv ]cn-an-X-am-Ip-p.

]mm-Xy-X-z-Nn--I-cn AZzn-Xo-b-\mb s_Kvkkzbw hnf-p Adn-hns\ Am\w (intuition) Fphnfn-p. AXp-sImv, PU-fmb D]m-[n-I-fn-eqsS \mw Ipioen C{n-bm-\p-` -h- Xpcy-t_m-[-asp \nbn--Ww. Xpcy-t_m-[m-\p-` -hs Ct-hsc Bcpw hmp-I-fn]Ip-h-n- n-. A\p-` -hn-p---h\v t`mr-Xz-an-m--Xn-\msamgn-bm-\pamhp-n-. IS-ens Bg-a-f-m t]mb Dp-]mhXncn-p-hv \-tfmSv IS-ens AKm-[-X-sb-p-dnv ]d-p-X-cn-I-bn-sv \ap--dn-bmw. ISepw ]mhbpw Hm-bn-om ]ns Bcp ]dbpw? Adn-hn-e-am ]ns \m\mXz--fn-. Atm Ahs A-cwKw kmK-cw-t]mse A\--am-bn-o-cpw. ]no-sSm-cn-epw Ah\v imco-cn-I-t_m-[-m ZpxJn-p-g-ep-hm CS-h-cp-n-. ZpxJw ico-c-n-t-Xm-Wv. Bmhn-t-X-. Bm-hn \mw B\--Xp-n-e-cm-Wv.AhnsS ZpxJ-ns ]ina Ati-j-an-. AhnsS ""Rm''\ncm-a-b-\m-Wv.

Btm]tZiiXIw 80

31A\p-`-h-am-Zn-bn-sem-n-cn-n-e-mX\p-an-Xn-bn-nXp ap-a-n-bmteA\p-` -hn-bm-X-Xp-sImp [n-bp-s\p-an-Xn-bm-e-dn-ho-e-dn-n-tS-Ww.

A\p-`hw C{n-b-{]Xy-amb A-\p-`hwBZn-bn BZy-ta-XsHn-cn-n AmsX Hp-m-ImsXA\p-anXn C A\p-am-\n--dn-bp-hm-

Ign-bp-I-bn-.CXv Cu Xpcy-t_m[wapw apvAn-bmte C{n-b-{]-Xy--ambnA\p-` -hn-bm-b-Xp-sImv A\p-` -hn-n- n-m--Xp-sImv[n-bp-sv -[-smw A[n-jvTm-\-

amb Bmhv Ds-p-XvA\p-an-Xn-bm A\p-am-\-n-eqsSAdn-hoe Adn-bm ]p-I-bn.Adn-n-tSWw Cmcyw \nbw hcp-Ww.

\p-`hw Fp \mw km[m-cW ]d-bp-Xv Hcp hkvXp-hns\ t\cn v C{n-b-Zzmcm A\p-` -hn-ptm-gm-Wv. C-

c-n-ep A\p-` -h-sf {]Xy-m-\p-` -h- FmWv ]d-bp-I. \mw Hcm-tfmSp ]d-bp-p: ""Rm ISip-hns\ Ip.''Atm Abm Xncnp tNmZn-pw: ""IS-ip-thm? AsX-mWv?'' CXns Aw Abmv ISip-hns {]Xy-m-\p-` hw Dm-bn- n Fm-Wv. Abm IS-ip-hns\t\cnp In- n-. AXp-sImmWv Abm-fn kwibw P\n-Xv. Fm ISip-hns\ Abm-dn-bm-am-bn-cp-s-nAbm-fpsS {]Xn-I-cWw thsd coXnbn BIp-am-bn-cp-p:

A

Btm]tZiiXIw 81

""Dtm. \o Itm? AsX-hn-sS-bmbncp-p?'' Fm-bn-cn-pw.Abmv ISip-hns cq]s A\p-am-\n-s-Sp-mIgn-p. Cu temI-n {]Xy--n Fp Imepw\mw AXn-s\mcp t]cp sImSp-pw. t]cv A-c-W-nseHc-h-b-h-amb Nn-n t]mbn ad-n-cn-pw. t]cp am{X-a Nn-n-en-cn-p--Xv. {]Xy--n I hkvXp-hnscq]hpw t]cnsIqsS ad-n-cn-pw. ]ns, B t]cptIp-tm \psS at\m-ap-Ip-c-n sXfn-bp-XvhkvXp-h-; hkvXp-hns Hcp Imev]-\n-I-cq-]-am-Wv. CXns\{]Xn` Fp ]d-bpw. t]cpw {]Xn-` bpw Hn-p-tNv hkvXp--fpsS Xncn--dn-hp-m-n--cp-p. BZyta Hc-\p-`hwhmte Xncn--dn-hp-I hcn-I-bp-q.

Xpco-bm-\p-` hw \apv appm-bn- n-. AXp-sImv \ap--Xns\ A\p-am-\n-s-Sp-p-hm Ign-bn-. am{X-a Xpco-bm-\p-` hw Hcp {]Xn-` -bp-a-, -k--ev]-hpa-. Cu temI-nsImcy hpw A-s\--X-s-bm-Wv. ImWp temIw \ndw, aWw,cpNn, kv]iw, i_vZw Fo [-fm-Wv. [n-mWv[- Dm-bn-cn-p--Xv. [-v nXn sNmCSw-sIm-Sp-p-Xv [n-bm-Wv. ]qhns [--fmWv \ndw,aWw, kv\nKvX Fn-h. [n-bmb ]qhv C{n-b-{]-Xy--a-. AXv Fpw AtKm-N-c-am-Wv. AXp-t]mse \nc-h[n[--tfmSp ISnb temI-ns A[n-jv