003 NCWRM 2011 Taqash_Jordan
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Transcript of 003 NCWRM 2011 Taqash_Jordan
Reuse of Reclaimed Water in Jordan
By
Eng. Ziad Darwish Taqash
Ministry of Water and Irrigation
September 2011
The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
� Jordan is an arid to semi arid country
� An area of about 90.000 km2.
� A population of 6 million.. Annual growth
rate of about 2.2 %
�High flow of refugees from surrounding
countries adds burden to water supply
system due to instability in the region .
� About 73% of the population lives in
urban areas concentrated in the northern
and middle parts of Jordan .
JORDAN IN FACTS AND FIGURES
Water Resources in Jordan
� The average annual renewable fresh water resources:
(780) MCM
275 MCM is Ground Water
505 MCM is usable Surface Water
�Other sources of water are Non-conventional waterresources:
Nonrenewable water = 140 MCM
Treated WW = 100 MCM
About 95 % of treated effluent in Jordan is currently reused in
agriculture.
Almost 100% will be reused
Prevailing Water Sector ManagementConstraints and challenges
• Per capita availability of water resources
is declining rapidly, from 3600 m3/Cap in 1946 to
145 m3 in 2009.
• Competing sectoral demands on scarce water
resources
• Demand centers are distant from water sources
• Limited financial capacities
• Groundwater over-abstraction
Water Supply & Demand
2022202020152010
Actual
(2006)Year
450437407380290Domestic Needs (MCM)
1251201007746Industry & Remote Areas
98098310401072589Agriculture including TWW
15551540154715291512Total Needs (MCM)
1871**12961233*1150925Wًater Supply (MCM)
+316-244-314-379-587Deficit (MCM)
* DISI starts at 2013* DISI starts at 2013 ** Red ** Red –– Dead starts at 2022Dead starts at 2022
Wastewater shall not be managed as “waste”.
It shall be collected and treated to standards
that allow its reuse in unrestricted agriculture
and other non-domestic purposes, including
groundwater recharge.
Jordan’s Water Strategy of theMinistry of Water and Irrigation
Wastewater use in Jordan Wastewater use in Jordan (2010)(2010)
Wastewater Treatment Plants 23Total effluent (MCM) 102Total effluent of As Samra Treatment Plant (MCM) 79
Restricted Agriculture inside Treatment Plant (ha) 1438Restricted Agriculture outside Treatment Plant (ha) 1055Unrestricted Agriculture in Jordan Valley (ha) 15252
Institutional and Legal Issues
• In 1997, the MWI formulated a national Water Strategy, which was the foundation to four subsequent water policies:
• The Water Utility Policy
• The Groundwater Management Policy
• The Irrigation Water Policy
• The Wastewater Management Policy
• Recently, the water demand management policy was issued.
• The policies emphasize the need to study the environmental feasibility of proposed water projects.
• The policies also focus on public awareness of water resource protection and conservation.
• Protection of surface and groundwater
• Efficient management of urban water and all environmental and irrigation aspects relevant to the water sector.
• Development of appropriate institutional capacity building and legislative framework for water management.
• Efficient and sustainable management of utilities by further involvement of the private sector.
• Fostering of regional cooperation and donor coordination.
• Introduction of socially acceptable cost recovery tariffs for all types of water use depending on the quality and quantity of water consumed.
Policy guidelines
Reclaimed Water Use in the Jordan Valley
Farmers in the Jordan Valley use reclaimed
water for irrigation in accordance with
environmental and public health regulations.
Jordan Valley AreaJordan Valley Area
North JVNorth JV
Middle & South JVMiddle & South JV
Southern Southern GhorsGhors
North JV ( 9000 ha )
Groundwater Wadi Arab DamYarmouK River
King Ab-dullah Canal
Irrigation Networks
Citrus, Vegetables
Kafrien Dam Mixing
30% TWW
70% Rain Water
JV Mixing Point
Middle & South JV(13370 ha)
Wadi Seir WWTP
Irrigation Networks
Date palm, Vegetables
KTD
50% TWW
50% Rain Water
As Samra WWTP
15252 ha
Impacts of irrigation with reclaimed water
crops
soils
groundwater
human health
– salts
– nutrients
– heavy metals
– microbiologicalcontaminants
State Crop Monitoring system for fresh
fruit and vegetables� Collaboration between JVA, JFDA, MoA.
� Safety Control Guideline for fresh fruit and
vegetables
� Crop quality assurance system The main
purpose in establishing the steps towards a Crop
Quality Assurance System.
� Campaign 2009/2010 shows very low risks
of microbial, contaminated crops no
cases found.
� High Nitrate values in leafy crops, due to
over fertigation.
� Monitoring campaign is going on (JFDA)
Soil Monitoring
Parameters Average
(0 - 60cm)
1999 2007
Parameters Average
(0 - 60cm)
1985 2007
EC (dS/m) 6.7 4.66 Fe - DTPA 3.07 11.2
pH 7.88 7.92 Zn - DTPA 1.71 5.8
CaCO3 ( % ) 37.5 33.6 Cd - DTPA 0.04 0.07
CEC (meq/100g) 10.8 13 Co - DTPA 0.13 0.26
Gypsum 2.1 2.8 O.M (%) 1.02 1.9
B – Hot water 2.06 2.0 Mn - DTPA 7.98 16
SAR 9.7 4.0 Available k
(ppm)
583 696
Texture Medium P – Olsen
(ppm)
40.8 210
Groundwater Monitoring
• Possible impact on groundwater where RW is used for irrigation
• Long-term risk for agricultural land use
Services to farmers
• RW Guidelines
• Monthly information sheet.
• Soil and water analysis (labs).
• Training about fertigation(nutrients in reclaimed water)
� Reclaimed Water will become the main source for irrigation.
� Risk monitoring - cross sector exchange information and link data of all involved parties.
� Implementation and enforcement of monitoring programs
� Consider WHO Guidelines on reuse.
� Implement a project to link effluent from Irbid RW to irrigation network in north Jordan Valley (JV).
� Transfer knowledge and experience of JV to other areas in Jordan.
Outlook
Strategic Planning for the Water sector
Action Plan consists of 6 major items namely:
1. Institutional and Legal Issues.
2. Private Sector Participation.
3. Agricultural Water Use.
4. Cost Recovery.
5. Information Systems.
6. Adaptation of International Conventions
• Enhance Stakeholders’ participation
• Enhance use of recycled water for industries.
• Adjust water tariff to ensure recovery of O&M Costs
• Encourage Irrigation Advisory Services
• Continued development of Centralised Water Information
Systems including the use of advanced technologies.
IN THE SHORT TERM
The Way Forward
• Full development of SW & GW (Economic feasibility, social
and environmental considerations)
• Continuous Development of marginal water.
• Gradual reduction of renewable GW over-abstraction (By 2020)
• Continued Development of HR & Public Awareness
• Achieve Highest Possible efficiency (Conveyance, distribution,
application and use, including Water & WW systems performance)
• WW management and reuse to achieve public health standards
IN THE LONG TERM
The Way Forward
• Expansion of Private Sector Role
• Recovery of O&M cost to become a standard practice.
• Periodical review of institutional arrangements & restructuring to match changing needs
The Way Forward
IN THE LONG TERM
• Regular update of legislation whenever necessary
• Regional Cooperation
• Improve Industrial waste water monitoring
Thank you&
Welcome to Jordan