001 p Ambulatory Aids Presentation
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Transcript of 001 p Ambulatory Aids Presentation
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AMBULATORY AIDS, AMBULATORY AIDS, WHEELCHAIR, GAIT WHEELCHAIR, GAIT
PATTERNSPATTERNS
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CANESCANES
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CANESCANES
- INDICATED FOR PATIENT’S INDICATED FOR PATIENT’S SUFFERING FROM ANTALGIC GAITSUFFERING FROM ANTALGIC GAIT
- For stability and increase base of For stability and increase base of supportsupport
- Weight transmission is 20-25% Weight transmission is 20-25% - NPTE 30%NPTE 30%- Lessens the stance phaseLessens the stance phase
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- Measurements:Measurements:
a.a. Greater trochanter to floor without shoe Greater trochanter to floor without shoe or heelor heel
b.b. Elbow is 20-30 degrees flexion, from Elbow is 20-30 degrees flexion, from hand to floor – MOST ACCURATEhand to floor – MOST ACCURATE
** Pt with leg length discrepancy – you cant ** Pt with leg length discrepancy – you cant use greater trochanter as basis for use greater trochanter as basis for measuring but instead you get the measuring but instead you get the measurement of the elbow.measurement of the elbow.
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TYPES OF CANESTYPES OF CANES
1.1. C, J, CROOK – weight is in FRONT of the C, J, CROOK – weight is in FRONT of the handhand
2.2. Offset – weight is at the CENTER of the Offset – weight is at the CENTER of the handhand
3.3. Quad – for geriatric patients and who Quad – for geriatric patients and who needs more stabilityneeds more stability
4.4. Walk cane/ Hemiwalker – can be foldedWalk cane/ Hemiwalker – can be folded** Geria patients – 75 years old and above, ** Geria patients – 75 years old and above,
give standard walkergive standard walker
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TYPES OF CANESTYPES OF CANESStandardStandard C/J/crookC/J/crook
offsetoffset
-adjustable: 27-38.5 -adjustable: 27-38.5 inin
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Quad CaneQuad Cane– adjustable: 28-38 inadjustable: 28-38 in
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Walk cane/hemiwalkerWalk cane/hemiwalker– -adjustable: 29-37 in-adjustable: 29-37 in– fold flatfold flat
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GAIT PATTERNS FOR CANEGAIT PATTERNS FOR CANE
Level Ground: cane + involvedLevel Ground: cane + involved
uninvolveduninvolved
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Curb Curb – Ascending Ascending
good good ►cane►cane ►bad►bad
DescendingDescending
cane cane ►bad ►bad ►good►good
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StairStair– Ascending Ascending uninvolveduninvolved
cane + involvedcane + involved
--Descending --Descending involved + caneinvolved + cane
uninvolveduninvolved
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** POINTS OF CONTROL:** POINTS OF CONTROL:
- HIPS AND SHOULDERHIPS AND SHOULDER- PT should hold the patient here for PT should hold the patient here for
safetysafety
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WALKERWALKER
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WALKERWALKER- INDICATED FOR PATIENT’S WHO NEED INDICATED FOR PATIENT’S WHO NEED
MAXIMUM STABILITY AND SUPPORTMAXIMUM STABILITY AND SUPPORT- Weight transmission – 85% of body weightWeight transmission – 85% of body weight
** Pt elderly, with THR, Pt lives alone in the ** Pt elderly, with THR, Pt lives alone in the house GIVE: standard walkerhouse GIVE: standard walker
** Pt elderly but travels GIVE: collapsible ** Pt elderly but travels GIVE: collapsible walkerwalker
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DisadvantagesDisadvantages– Difficult to store or transportDifficult to store or transport– Difficult or impossible to use on stairsDifficult or impossible to use on stairs– Reduces speed of transmissionReduces speed of transmission– Difficult to perform a normal gait patternDifficult to perform a normal gait pattern– Difficult to use in narrow or crowded areasDifficult to use in narrow or crowded areas– CANT DO A FUNCTIONAL AMBULATION – CANT DO A FUNCTIONAL AMBULATION –
because there is no swinging of the hands because there is no swinging of the hands because the hands is holding the walkerbecause the hands is holding the walker
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TYPES OF WALKERTYPES OF WALKER
1.1. StandardStandard
2.2. Rolling – CI for Parkinson’s diseaseRolling – CI for Parkinson’s disease
3.3. ReciprocatingReciprocating
4.4. CollapsibleCollapsible
5.5. Stair climbingStair climbing
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** Parkinson’s pt has akinesia, GIVE: ** Parkinson’s pt has akinesia, GIVE: Rolling walkerRolling walker
** Parkinson’s pt cant stop motion due ** Parkinson’s pt cant stop motion due to festinating gait GIVE: standard to festinating gait GIVE: standard walkerwalker
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TYPES OF WALKERTYPES OF WALKERRolling or wheeledRolling or wheeled
- Prescribed to patient’s with Prescribed to patient’s with difficulty lifting the walkerdifficulty lifting the walker
- 2 wheels – for Pt with 2 wheels – for Pt with speed problem initially speed problem initially givengiven
- 4 wheels – for CP 4 wheels – for CP patients with patients with increased energy increased energy expenditureexpenditure (with hand break)(with hand break)
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Folding or CollapsibleFolding or Collapsible
– For mobility in community or carsFor mobility in community or cars– INDICATED FOR PATIENT’S WHO INDICATED FOR PATIENT’S WHO
ALWAYS TRAVELALWAYS TRAVEL– Easy to storeEasy to store
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Stair ClimbingStair Climbing– With 2 posterior With 2 posterior
extensions and extensions and additional hand additional hand grips off of the rear grips off of the rear legs for use on legs for use on stairsstairs
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ReciprocalReciprocal
– Used with RGOUsed with RGO– For SCI and Spina bifida level T12 to L1For SCI and Spina bifida level T12 to L1
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MEASUREMENT:MEASUREMENT:
1.1. Distance of tummy from walker 10-Distance of tummy from walker 10-12 inches12 inches
2.2. Greater trochanter to floor without Greater trochanter to floor without shoesshoes
3.3. 20-30 degrees of elbow flexion20-30 degrees of elbow flexion
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Gait Patterns in WalkerGait Patterns in Walker
Level SurfaceLevel Surface– FWB: walkerFWB: walker►1►1stst LE►2 LE►2ndnd LE LE
– PWB: walker +involved►uninvolvedPWB: walker +involved►uninvolved
– NWB: walker►uninvolvedNWB: walker►uninvolved
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Curb (ascending)Curb (ascending) walker + walker +
uninvolveduninvolved
involvedinvolved
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Curb (Descending)Curb (Descending)
walker walker
involvedinvolved
uninvolveduninvolved
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Stair (ascending)Stair (ascending) walkerwalker
uninvoleduninvoled
involvedinvolved
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Stair (descending)Stair (descending)
walkerwalker
involvedinvolved
uninvolveduninvolved
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CRUTCHESCRUTCHES- FOR MODERATE STABILITYFOR MODERATE STABILITY- Gives lateral stabilityGives lateral stability- Widens the BOS Widens the BOS - PROVIDE FUNCTIONAL AMBULATION PROVIDE FUNCTIONAL AMBULATION
WITH RESTRICTED WEIGHT BEARINGWITH RESTRICTED WEIGHT BEARING- Axillary – 80-90% weight transmissionAxillary – 80-90% weight transmission- Non-axillary – 40-50% weight transmissionNon-axillary – 40-50% weight transmission
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MEASUREMENT:MEASUREMENT:1.1. Measure height of patient – 16 inchesMeasure height of patient – 16 inches2.2. In standing, 2 inches below the axilla, 2 In standing, 2 inches below the axilla, 2
inches lateral to the heel 6-8 inches inches lateral to the heel 6-8 inches anterior to MTPanterior to MTP
3.3. Sitting, shoulder abducted 90 degrees, Sitting, shoulder abducted 90 degrees, elbow flexed 90 degrees and the other elbow flexed 90 degrees and the other arm shoulder abducted. Measure from arm shoulder abducted. Measure from olecranon to 3olecranon to 3rdrd finger finger
4.4. Supine, axilla to lateral 6-8 inches to heelSupine, axilla to lateral 6-8 inches to heel
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NON AXILLARY CRUTCHESNON AXILLARY CRUTCHESPlatformPlatform
- Pt with - Pt with arthritis, arthritis, bear weight bear weight on the on the forearmforearm
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Forearm/LofstrandForearm/Lofstrand
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Loftstrand crutchLoftstrand crutch- Given to patient’s with paraplegiaGiven to patient’s with paraplegia- In paraplegia, the Pt does a jacknife, In paraplegia, the Pt does a jacknife,
where to put the tips of the Loftstand where to put the tips of the Loftstand – FRONT OF THE STEP– FRONT OF THE STEP
- Cuff should be 11/2 inches below the Cuff should be 11/2 inches below the elbow or proximal 3elbow or proximal 3rdrd of the forearm of the forearm
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Canadian crutchCanadian crutch- INDICATE FOR PATIENT’S WITH INDICATE FOR PATIENT’S WITH
TRICEPS WEAKNESSTRICEPS WEAKNESS- 2 cuffs, one at the forearm, and 2 cuffs, one at the forearm, and
another at the triceps cuffanother at the triceps cuff
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Kenny StickKenny Stick
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GAIT PATTERNS ON AXILLARY GAIT PATTERNS ON AXILLARY CRUTCHCRUTCH
Emphasize the ff:Emphasize the ff:– Weight: borne by the handsWeight: borne by the hands– Wide BOS (at least 4” to the front and Wide BOS (at least 4” to the front and
to the side)to the side)
--axillary bars: held close to the chest wall --axillary bars: held close to the chest wall to provide improved lateral stabilityto provide improved lateral stability
--head up--head up
--turning: step in small circle, DON’T --turning: step in small circle, DON’T PIVOT!PIVOT!
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> > 4-pt4-pt- Slow gait- Slow gait 2-pt2-pt- Fast gaitFast gait- TYPES:TYPES:A.A. Ipsilateral – Right cruytch, right legIpsilateral – Right cruytch, right legB.B.Alternating – Right crutch, left legAlternating – Right crutch, left leg
** 4 pt and 3 pt – INDICATED FOR ATAXIC ** 4 pt and 3 pt – INDICATED FOR ATAXIC PATIENTS AND WITH POSTERIOR COLUMN PATIENTS AND WITH POSTERIOR COLUMN PATIENTS COMPENSATING WITH THEIR PATIENTS COMPENSATING WITH THEIR VISIONVISION
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> > 3-pt3-pt- Crutch and toe touchCrutch and toe touchDrag gaitDrag gait – just drag feet – just drag feetDrag to and throughDrag to and throughSwing to and throughSwing to and throughShadowShadow – for amputee, residual leg – for amputee, residual leg
will kick the ballwill kick the ball
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WHEELCHAIR MEASUREMENTSWHEELCHAIR MEASUREMENTS
Seat heightSeat height- Popliteal fossa to ground or heel + 2 Popliteal fossa to ground or heel + 2
inchesinches- If too high – sacral tilting/ post tilting If too high – sacral tilting/ post tilting
and slide forwardand slide forward- If too low – excessive pressure on If too low – excessive pressure on
ischial tuberosityischial tuberosity
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WHEELCHAIRWHEELCHAIR
Seat height Seat height – Too highToo high– Too lowToo low
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Seat depthSeat depth- Popliteal fossa to posterior buttocks – Popliteal fossa to posterior buttocks –
2 inches2 inches- Too long – irritation on popliteal Too long – irritation on popliteal
fossa, sacral sittingfossa, sacral sitting- Too short – uneven distribution of Too short – uneven distribution of
weight on the thighweight on the thigh
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Seat depthSeat depth– Too longToo long– Too shortToo short
(sling seat, (sling seat, insert/countour insert/countour seat)seat)
(cushions: foam, (cushions: foam, fluid/gel, air)fluid/gel, air)
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Back heightBack height- Inferior angle of the scapula to seat – Inferior angle of the scapula to seat –
2 inches2 inches- To high – irritation of the scapulaTo high – irritation of the scapula- Too low – unstable trunkToo low – unstable trunk
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Back HeightBack Height– Too highToo high– Too lowToo low
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Seat widthSeat width- 1 inch on each side1 inch on each side- Wide – scoliosisWide – scoliosis- Narrow – irritation on greater Narrow – irritation on greater
trochantertrochanter
** parallel bars – 2 inches on both ** parallel bars – 2 inches on both sidessides
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Seat WidthSeat Width– Too wideToo wide– Too narrowToo narrow
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Arm rest heightArm rest height- Sitting to 90 degrees elbow flexionSitting to 90 degrees elbow flexion- Too high – shoulder elevationToo high – shoulder elevation- Too low – trink forward leanToo low – trink forward lean
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Armrest HeightArmrest Height– Too highToo high– Too lowToo low
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ArmrestsArmrests– Adjustable (sit-to-stand)Adjustable (sit-to-stand)– Removable (transfers)Removable (transfers)– Wraparound/space saverWraparound/space saver
(reduce overall width by 1 ½ (reduce overall width by 1 ½ in)in)
--Trays/Troughs--Trays/Troughs
(secured to the armrests; (secured to the armrests; additional postural additional postural assistance for patients with assistance for patients with decreased use of upper decreased use of upper extremities)extremities)
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CamberCamber- Normal – 3-9 Normal – 3-9
degreesdegrees- Increase BOSIncrease BOS
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Hanger Hanger angleangle
- 60-70 degrees 60-70 degrees of knee flexionof knee flexion
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STANDARD DIMENSIONSSTANDARD DIMENSIONSChair Style Chair Style SW SW SD SD
SHSH
AdultAdult 1818 1616 2020
Narrow AdultNarrow Adult 16 16 1616 2020
Slim AdultSlim Adult 1414 1616 2020
Hemi/Low SeatHemi/Low Seat 1818 161617.517.5
JuniorJunior 1616 1616 18.518.5
ChildChild 1414 11.511.5 18.7518.75
Tiny TotTiny Tot 1212 11.511.519.519.5
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CODE:CODE:
DpWh = 2DpWh = 2
D – DepthD – Depth
W – widthW – width
H - heightH - height
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STANDARD ADULT STANDARD ADULT WHEELCHAIR SIMENSIONSWHEELCHAIR SIMENSIONS
- Height (push handles to floor): 36 inHeight (push handles to floor): 36 in- Height (armrest to floor): 29 to 30 inHeight (armrest to floor): 29 to 30 in- Width: 24 to 26 inWidth: 24 to 26 in- Length: 42 to 43 inLength: 42 to 43 in- Doorwidth (min: 32 in; ideal: 36 in)Doorwidth (min: 32 in; ideal: 36 in)- Reach Reach
forward (high: 48 in; low: 15 in)forward (high: 48 in; low: 15 in) side: 24 inside: 24 in
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Leg RestsLeg Rests– FixedFixed– Swing-away, detachableSwing-away, detachable
(easy transfer)(easy transfer)– ElevatingElevating
(LE edema, postural (LE edema, postural support)support)
(C/I: hams hypertonicity or (C/I: hams hypertonicity or tightness)tightness)
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Wheels/ Handrims/Wheels/ Handrims/
BrakesBrakes– Casters – 8 inch in Casters – 8 inch in
diameter for easy diameter for easy propulsionpropulsion
– Drive wheels and rimsDrive wheels and rims
(projection,friction/(projection,friction/
leather,)leather,)
--Tires (Standard,--Tires (Standard,
Pneumatic)Pneumatic)
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AttachmentsAttachments– Seat belts (pelvic Seat belts (pelvic
positioner)positioner)– Adductor pommel – Adductor pommel –
for spasticityfor spasticity– Seat wedge – for Seat wedge – for
fallsfalls– Anti-tippingAnti-tipping– Hill-holderHill-holder
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SPECIALIZED WHEELCHAIRSSPECIALIZED WHEELCHAIRS
SportsSports– Solid framesSolid frames– LightweightLightweight– Low backLow back– Low seatLow seat– Greater camberGreater camber
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A PT has to order a wheelchair for a A PT has to order a wheelchair for a patient with T9-T10 SCI who wishes patient with T9-T10 SCI who wishes to engage in sports activities. The to engage in sports activities. The wheelchair will not need:wheelchair will not need:
a.a. Low backLow backb.b. Swing away footrestSwing away footrestc.c. A high backA high backd.d. Removable arm restsRemovable arm rests
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A PT has to order a wheelchair for a A PT has to order a wheelchair for a patient with T9-T10 SCI who wishes patient with T9-T10 SCI who wishes to engage in sports activities. The to engage in sports activities. The wheelchair will not need:wheelchair will not need:
a.a. Low backLow backb.b. Swing away footrestSwing away footrestc.c. A high backA high backd.d. Removable arm restsRemovable arm rests
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A patient with paraplegia at the T10 level A patient with paraplegia at the T10 level wants to participate in wheelchair wants to participate in wheelchair basketball. An option that should be basketball. An option that should be considered in ordering a wheelchair for considered in ordering a wheelchair for this patient is:this patient is:
a.a. Rigid frameRigid frameb.b. Hard rubber tiresHard rubber tiresc.c. Mid scapular seat backMid scapular seat backd.d. Folding frameFolding frame
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A patient with paraplegia at the T10 level A patient with paraplegia at the T10 level wants to participate in wheelchair wants to participate in wheelchair basketball. An option that should be basketball. An option that should be considered in ordering a wheelchair for considered in ordering a wheelchair for this patient is:this patient is:
a.a. Rigid frameRigid frameb.b. Hard rubber tiresHard rubber tiresc.c. Mid scapular seat backMid scapular seat backd.d. Folding frameFolding frame
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Tilt-in spaceTilt-in space– Extensor spasmsExtensor spasms– Pressure reliefPressure relief
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QUESTION:QUESTION:A tilt in space wheelchair has been ordered A tilt in space wheelchair has been ordered
for a patient with C4 quadriplegia. This for a patient with C4 quadriplegia. This type of chair is ordered to:type of chair is ordered to:
a.a. Improve the patient’s ability to relieve Improve the patient’s ability to relieve pressure and transfer independentlypressure and transfer independently
b.b. Improve positioning for pressure relief or Improve positioning for pressure relief or extensor spasmextensor spasm
c.c. Improve leg position and lower extremity Improve leg position and lower extremity edemaedema
d.d. Facilitate handgrip and propulsionFacilitate handgrip and propulsion
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QUESTION:QUESTION:A tilt in space wheelchair has been ordered A tilt in space wheelchair has been ordered
for a patient with C4 quadriplegia. This for a patient with C4 quadriplegia. This type of chair is ordered to:type of chair is ordered to:
a.a. Improve the patient’s ability to relieve Improve the patient’s ability to relieve pressure and transfer independentlypressure and transfer independently
b.b. Improve positioning for pressure Improve positioning for pressure relief or extensor spasmrelief or extensor spasm
c.c. Improve leg position and lower extremity Improve leg position and lower extremity edemaedema
d.d. Facilitate handgrip and propulsionFacilitate handgrip and propulsion
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Reclining BackReclining Back– For patients who For patients who
are unable to are unable to independently independently maintain an upright maintain an upright sitting positionsitting position
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** Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy** Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy- Late stageLate stage- GIVE – Electric wheelchairGIVE – Electric wheelchair
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One-arm driveOne-arm drive– 2 outer rims2 outer rims– Difficult: (L) Difficult: (L)
hemiplegiahemiplegia
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Hemiplegic ChairHemiplegic Chair– lowlow
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Amputee ChairAmputee Chair
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> > C1-C4 SCIC1-C4 SCI- PoweredPowered- Joystick, head controlsJoystick, head controls- Sip-and-puff Sip-and-puff C5 – ObliqueC5 – Oblique C6 – VerticalC6 – Vertical C7 – Friction handrimsC7 – Friction handrims C8 – Standard wheelchairC8 – Standard wheelchairCODE : OVFSCODE : OVFS
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A PT orders a wheelchair for a patient with A PT orders a wheelchair for a patient with C4 tetraplegia. Which wheelchair would C4 tetraplegia. Which wheelchair would be the most appropriate for the patient?be the most appropriate for the patient?
a.a. Manual wheelchair with friction surface Manual wheelchair with friction surface hand rimshand rims
b.b. Manual wheelchair with hand rim Manual wheelchair with hand rim projectionsprojections
c.c. Power wheelchair with sip and puff Power wheelchair with sip and puff controlscontrols
d.d. Power wheelchair with joystick controlsPower wheelchair with joystick controls
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A PT orders a wheelchair for a patient with A PT orders a wheelchair for a patient with C4 tetraplegia. Which wheelchair would C4 tetraplegia. Which wheelchair would be the most appropriate for the patient?be the most appropriate for the patient?
a.a. Manual wheelchair with friction surface Manual wheelchair with friction surface hand rimshand rims
b.b. Manual wheelchair with hand rim Manual wheelchair with hand rim projectionsprojections
c.c. Power wheelchair with sip and puff Power wheelchair with sip and puff controlscontrols
d.d. Power wheelchair with joystick controlsPower wheelchair with joystick controls
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Ramps (Descending)Ramps (Descending)
lean forwardlean forward
use shorter strokesuse shorter strokes
move hands quicklymove hands quickly
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Ramps (Descending)Ramps (Descending)
grip handrims looselygrip handrims loosely
wheelie (steep ramp)wheelie (steep ramp)
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TurningTurning push harder with one handpush harder with one hand sharp turningsharp turning pull one wheel backward pull one wheel backward
while while pushing other wheel forwardpushing other wheel forward
90 deg: 36”90 deg: 36”180 deg: 60”180 deg: 60”360 deg: 60” x 60 in360 deg: 60” x 60 in
CODE: 360 – 369 – 90-36CODE: 360 – 369 – 90-36
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WheelieWheelie hands back on handrimshands back on handrims pulls hands forward abruptly/forcefully then pulls hands forward abruptly/forcefully then
posteriorlyposteriorly
move head and trunk forward to keep from move head and trunk forward to keep from
going over backwardgoing over backward practice: lightweight w/cpractice: lightweight w/c***wheels pulled back: tips toward UPRIGHT***wheels pulled back: tips toward UPRIGHT***wheels pushed forward: tips further BACK***wheels pushed forward: tips further BACK
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Curb (Ascending)Curb (Ascending)
place front casters up place front casters up
push rear wheels uppush rear wheels up
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Curb (Descending)Curb (Descending)
backward: forward head and backward: forward head and trunk leantrunk lean
forward: wheelieforward: wheelie
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A patient with SCI at the level of T1 is in community A patient with SCI at the level of T1 is in community phase of his mobility training. In order for him phase of his mobility training. In order for him to navigate a standard height curb with his to navigate a standard height curb with his wheelchair, the PT tells him to:wheelchair, the PT tells him to:
a.a. Descend backwards with the trunk and arms Descend backwards with the trunk and arms hooked around the push handleshooked around the push handles
b.b. Ascend backwards with the large wheels firstAscend backwards with the large wheels firstc.c. Lift the front casters and ascend in the wheelie Lift the front casters and ascend in the wheelie
positionpositiond.d. Place the front casters down first during descentPlace the front casters down first during descent
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A patient with SCI at the level of T1 is in community A patient with SCI at the level of T1 is in community phase of his mobility training. In order for him phase of his mobility training. In order for him to navigate a standard height curb with his to navigate a standard height curb with his wheelchair, the PT tells him to:wheelchair, the PT tells him to:
a.a. Descend backwards with the trunk and arms Descend backwards with the trunk and arms hooked around the push handleshooked around the push handles
b.b. Ascend backwards with the large wheels firstAscend backwards with the large wheels firstc.c. Lift the front casters and ascend in the Lift the front casters and ascend in the
wheelie positionwheelie positiond.d. Place the front casters down first during descentPlace the front casters down first during descent
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A PT attempts to secure a wheelchair for a patient A PT attempts to secure a wheelchair for a patient with an incomplete SCI. The patient is a 28 year with an incomplete SCI. The patient is a 28 year old female that is very active and relies on old female that is very active and relies on wheelchair as her primary mode of wheelchair as her primary mode of transportation. Which type of wheelchair design transportation. Which type of wheelchair design would be the most appropriate for the patient?would be the most appropriate for the patient?
a.a. Standard wheelchair with as rigid frameStandard wheelchair with as rigid frameb.b. Lightweight chair with a rigid frameLightweight chair with a rigid framec.c. Standard chair with a folding frameStandard chair with a folding framed.d. Lightweight chair with a folding frameLightweight chair with a folding frame
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A PT attempts to secure a wheelchair for a patient A PT attempts to secure a wheelchair for a patient with an incomplete SCI. The patient is a 28 year with an incomplete SCI. The patient is a 28 year old female that is very active and relies on old female that is very active and relies on wheelchair as her primary mode of wheelchair as her primary mode of transportation. Which type of wheelchair design transportation. Which type of wheelchair design would be the most appropriate for the patient?would be the most appropriate for the patient?
a.a. Standard wheelchair with as rigid frameStandard wheelchair with as rigid frameb.b. Lightweight chair with a rigid frameLightweight chair with a rigid framec.c. Standard chair with a folding frameStandard chair with a folding framed.d. Lightweight chair with a folding frameLightweight chair with a folding frame
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When recommending a wheelchair for a When recommending a wheelchair for a patient with a lesion at T11 resulting in patient with a lesion at T11 resulting in paraplegia, the modification least needed paraplegia, the modification least needed by a patient with this disability would be:by a patient with this disability would be:
a.a. Swing away footrestsSwing away footrests
b.b. High seat back High seat back
c.c. Pneumatic tiresPneumatic tires
d.d. Caster locksCaster locks
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When recommending a wheelchair for a When recommending a wheelchair for a patient with a lesion at T11 resulting in patient with a lesion at T11 resulting in paraplegia, the modification least needed paraplegia, the modification least needed by a patient with this disability would be:by a patient with this disability would be:
a.a. Swing away footrestsSwing away footrests
b.b. High seat backHigh seat back
c.c. Pneumatic tiresPneumatic tires
d.d. Caster locksCaster locks
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THE ENDTHE END