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FAA Runway Safety BriefingFAA Runway Safety Briefing

Sun ‘n Fun EAA Fly-InSun ‘n Fun EAA Fly-In

April 2002


Outcome: Zero fatalities resulting from runway incursions.

Outcome: Zero fatalities resulting from runway incursions.


What Do You Think?What Do You Think?

Q: What is the most common runway incursion caused by pilots?


Runway IncursionsRunway Incursions

A runway incursion is any occurrence on an airport runway involving an aircraft, vehicle, person, or object on the ground that creates a collision hazard or results in a loss of required separation with an aircraft taking off, landing, or intending to land.

The FAA investigates runway incursions and attributes the occurrence to one or more of the following error types:

– Operational Error

– Pilot Deviation

– Vehicle/Pedestrian Deviation


Growing demand for air travel and NAS capacity

The U.S. National Airspace System is the The U.S. National Airspace System is the Busiest in the WorldBusiest in the World

Pressure to reduce delays and to enhance safety

Over 64 million operations a year = 175,000 a day (11 yr avg)

Over 650,000 pilots – 240,000 aircraft

Over 450 towered airports

Over 16,000 air traffic controllers

General Aviation accounted for 57% of FY 2001 operations


Runway Incursions and General Aviation Runway Incursions and General Aviation StatisticsStatistics


General Aviation and Air Carrier Airports General Aviation and Air Carrier Airports by Runway Incursions by Runway Incursions (CY1997 – 2001)(CY1997 – 2001)

38

3432

30

18

11 11 11

6 6

0

10

20

30

40

SNA VGT FXE LGB CCR APA PRC SRQ VNY SFB

General Aviation Airports

# o

f R

un

wa

y I

nc

urs

ion

s

Air Carrier Airports

41

38

3029

27

2322 22

18

14

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

LAX STL PHX DFW ORD SFO BOS EWR LAS LGA

# o

f R

un

wa

y I

nc

urs

ion

s

Total Ops (1997-2001) SNA – 2.1M STL – 2.5M LGB – 2.1M PHX – 2.9M FXE – 1.2M DFW – 4.4M


Percentage of General Aviation Pilot Percentage of General Aviation Pilot DeviationsDeviations

CY 1997-2000 CY 2001

Non-GA PDs 30%

GA PDs70%

PD54%

V/PD20%

OE/D25%

Non-GA PDs 26%

GA PDs74%

PD56%

V/PD21%

OE/D23%


Runway Incursions Runway Incursions

292325 321

431383

0

100

200

300

400

500

CY97 CY98 CY99 CY00 CY01

NON-PD

NON-PD

NON-PD

NON-PD NON-PD

PDs not GA

94 GA PDs

67%

PDs not GA

PDs not GA

PDs not GA

PDs not GA

194 GA PDs

75%

135 GA PDs

74%

122 GA PDs

65%

158 GA PDs

74%

Total Tower Operations (millions)

64.44 66.21 68.67 67.6864.44 66.21 68.67 65.45



Q: What’s the common theme?

A: Human Error


Primary Causal Factors of Pilot Deviation Primary Causal Factors of Pilot Deviation Runway Incursions (1997-2001)Runway Incursions (1997-2001)

There were 970 Pilot Deviation Runway Incursions 719 of these Pilot Deviations were able to be evaluated

Other pilot deviations included landing over aircraft in position and landing/departing on closed runways

537 from pilot either entering the runway or crossing the hold short line after acknowledging hold short instructions

95 from pilots departing after acknowledging “taxi into position and hold” instructions



Q: How many pilot deviations are General Aviation?

Out of 537 pilots either entering the runway or crossing the hold short line after acknowledging hold short instructions,

368 involved General Aviation - that’s 69%!

Out of 95 pilots departing after acknowledging “taxi into position and hold” instructions,

70 involved General Aviation – that’s 74%!



Q: What are the most recurring pilot deviations?

1. Pilots acknowledge hold short instructions and either enter the runway or cross the hold short line

2. Pilots depart after acknowledging “taxi into position and hold” instructions

3. Pilots land over aircraft in position

4. Pilots land/depart on closed runways


Helpful HintsHelpful Hints

Read back all runway crossing and/or hold short instructions

Review airport layouts as part of preflight planning and before descending to land, and while taxiing as needed

Know airport signage and markings

Review Notices to Airmen (NOTAM) for information on runway/taxiway closures and construction areas

Do not hesitate to request progressive taxi instructions from ATC when unsure of the taxi route


Helpful HintsHelpful HintsCheck for traffic before crossing any Runway Hold Line and

before entering a taxiway

Turn on aircraft lights and rotating beacon while taxiing and on runway

When landing, clear the active runway as quickly as possible then call for taxi instructions before further movement

Study and use proper radio phraseology as described in the Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) in order to respond to and understand ground control instructions

Write down taxi instructions at airports


Sarasota BradentonSarasota Bradenton

The most recent fatal U.S. runway collision accident occurred in March 2000, when two general aviation aircraft

collided on the runway at the Bradenton International Airport inSarasota, Florida, killing all four onboard.

X


Here’s How We Are HelpingHere’s How We Are Helping

Sponsor new technology

Distribute runway safety materials

Notify pilots of certification requirements

Survey pilots on understanding of procedures

Improve data and statistics tracking

Partner with Industry to better inform our users


TechnologyTechnology

AMASS– A total of 40 Systems – 37 anticipated to be commissioned

by the end of ’03 at 34 airports, and 3 support

– 11 Systems Commissioned: San Francisco, Detroit, Los Angeles #1 and #2, Salt Lake City, Seattle, Chicago, St. Louis, Boston, Miami and Newark

ASDE-X– Software Development In Progress

– Site Acceptance Test at Milwaukee in September ’02


Technology Technology

Other Technologies being assessed– Motion Activated Lighting System (MALS)

– Ground Marker

– Electronic Message Board

– Runway Status Lights System

– Safe Flight 21 – Surface Moving Map


Advisory CircularsAdvisory Circulars

AC No. 120-74– Part 121, 125 and 135 flight crew procedures during taxi

procedures

AC No. 91-73– Part 91 pilot and flight crew procedures during taxi

operations and part 135 single-pilot operations

Recently published, available through the runway safety website (www.faa.gov/runwaysafety), and part of an upcoming mailing to pilots.


Practical Test StandardsPractical Test Standards

Surface operations are a required topic for practical test standards

Required both for initial and recurrent certification for pilots and Certified Flight Instructors

Standards will be published April 30, 2002


CFR Part 91.129(i) SurveyCFR Part 91.129(i) SurveyContains a provision that states — “A clearance to “taxi to” the takeoff runway assigned to the aircraft is not a clearance to cross that assigned takeoff runway, or to taxi on that runway at any point, but is a clearance to cross other runways that intersect the taxi route to that assigned takeoff runway.”

176 pilots surveyed at Oshkosh Fly-in, 7/01– Four scenarios presented

– 48 pilots (28.1 percent) responded correctly to all four scenarios

– Majority of CFI-rated pilots, (55.8 percent), responded incorrectly

Most pilots misunderstood a taxiing clearance that involved crossing a runway that was the assigned takeoff runway


Runway Safety WebsiteRunway Safety Website www.faa.gov/runwaysafety

www.faa.gov/runwaysafety


Visit us in the FAA FSDO Safety Center hangar to

Participate in a Pilot Situational Awareness Survey

Check your knowledge of airfield markings


FAA Runway Safety BriefingFAA Runway Safety Briefing

Sun ‘n Fun EAA Fly-InSun ‘n Fun EAA Fly-In

April 2002

0 Downloaded from FAA Runway Safety Briefing Sun ‘n Fun EAA Fly-In April 2002.

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